Kraichgaubahn
Karlsruhe – Heilbronn | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Route number : | 4201 (Grötzingen – Eppingen) 4950 (Crailsh. – HN – Eppingen) |
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Course book section (DB) : | 710.4 (until about 2009: 710.4 (Achern – Karlsruhe – Eppingen) and 710.42 (Eppingen – Heilbronn – Öhringen) ; until about 1998: 776; until about 1970: 564; until about 1950: 321b; until about 1945: 304a) |
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Route length: | 64.8 km | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gauge : | 1435 mm ( standard gauge ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Route class : | D4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Power system : | 15 kV, 16.7 Hz ~ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maximum slope : | 12 ‰ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Minimum radius : | 450 m | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Top speed: | Grötzingen-Bretten 110 km / h Bretten-Heilbronn 100 km / h |
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Dual track : | Jöhlingen – Wössingen at Gölshausen station at Eppingen station at Schwaigern Leingarten – Heilbronn canal bridge |
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The Kraichgau Railway is a 64.8 km long railway line in the Kraichgau region in northwest Baden-Württemberg . It leads from Karlsruhe via Bretten and Eppingen to Heilbronn and was completed in 1880. The line gained international fame from 1992 when it was converted into the world's first two-system light rail line , and the section between Karlsruhe and Bretten is thus a nucleus of the so-called Karlsruhe model .
geography
topography
In its western part, the route runs across the main flow direction of the Kraichgau watercourses. The latter flow in a north-westerly direction, while the railway from Karlsruhe to Eppingen strives north-east. The resulting change from mountain to valley forces the railway to take a winding course. A total of five ridges are crossed between the valleys of Pfinz , Walzbach, Saalbach , Kraichbach , Elsenz and Lein , three of which are tunnels. Only between Flehingen and Sulzfeld can the valley of the Kohlbach be used on a somewhat longer stretch. In the eastern part, the natural conditions are more favorable, here the route runs largely through the valley of the Lein.
Route
The Kraichgau Railway begins at the Karlsruhe- Grötzingen station , where it branches off to the left from the Karlsruhe – Mühlacker railway line . Initially, the line is single-track, followed by a first double-track section between Jöhlingen West and Wössingen East. In front of the Bretten train station, it crosses the Württemberg Westbahn at no level , on which the S9 line of the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn and the Regional Express Heidelberg– Stuttgart operate today . From Bretten- Gölshausen to the Gölshausen Industrie stop and from Eppingen West to Eppingen Bahnhof , it again runs on two tracks , with several crossing stations in between. After Eppingen, the Eppingen – Steinsfurt railway branches off to the left, and from Leingarten West the Kraichgau Railway is double-tracked again. In Heilbronn Hbf it meets the beginning of the Heilbronn light rail and the Heilbronn port railway as well as the third platform of the Frankenbahn and leads to platform 6 of the main station.
history
History of origin until 1880
Around 1870 the central Kraichgau was surrounded by four railway lines. These goods:
- the Baden Rhine Valley Railway , which connected Heidelberg to Karlsruhe via Bruchsal ;
- the Württemberg Westbahn , which ran from Bruchsal via Bretten to Bietigheim ;
- the Württemberg Northern Railway from Stuttgart via Bietigheim to Heilbronn ;
- the Baden Odenwald Railway with a connection to the Northern Railway, which connected Heidelberg to Heilbronn via Meckesheim , Sinsheim and Jagstfeld .
The square described by these lines encompassed a wide area in the border region between Baden and Württemberg around the town of Eppingen in Baden. These and their surrounding areas, which were traditional transit routes for trade routes, threatened to be left behind by traffic flows and general economic development and had therefore repeatedly advocated the construction of a railway line through this region. The Württemberg city of Heilbronn, which wanted better transport routes to the west, and Karlsruhe also supported these demands.
So the plan came up to build a line from Karlsruhe (more precisely: Grötzingen ) via Bretten and Eppingen to Heilbronn. In addition to local needs, larger contexts also played a role here, namely the idea of a direct line as possible from France towards Nuremberg and from there further east. For the sake of such a direct connection, the aforementioned route to Heilbronn was given preference over a purely Baden route that would have connected from Bretten to the Meckesheim-Jagstfelder Bahn.
The project received approval from government agencies in both countries. However, the Baden government did not see itself in a position to implement it quickly because it was busy with other railway constructions (mainly the Black Forest Railway ). In order to accelerate the construction, the city of Karlsruhe under Mayor Wilhelm Florentin Lauter offered to build the Baden section to Eppingen under its own direction and to let the state railways use it, which would initially pay a rent and later buy back the line in installments.
The Baden government accepted this suggestion, and the law of March 30, 1872 decided to build it. However, negotiations with Württemberg had to be conducted before construction began. These resulted in a state treaty concluded on December 29, 1873, which provided for further connections between the states in the Neckar Valley and Kinzigtal . Württemberg was to build the Heilbronn – Eppingen section; Eppingen was designated as a change station. The Baden section was to cross the Westbahn in Bretten. Until then, this was operated by Württemberg over the entire length. H. also on Baden territory between Ruit (near Bretten) and Bruchsal. In order to avoid the crossing of a Baden railway with a Württemberg railway, Baden claimed its right of repurchase, which it had under the contract for the Western Railway for the section located on its territory. Negotiations about this dragged on for several years until the state treaty of November 15, 1878, the Bruchsal – Bretten section fell to Baden in return for compensation.
Due to a financial crisis in the Baden railway system, the city of Karlsruhe initially found it difficult to find a contractor for the line, so that the concession could only be granted on November 15, 1876. The contractor was Ph. Holzmann & Cie in Frankfurt am Main . On October 15, 1879, the Grötzingen – Eppingen line was opened; As early as October 10, 1878, the Württemberg State Railways opened the section between Heilbronn and Schwaigern , and on August 7, 1880, the gap between Eppingen and Schwaigern was closed. The planning and construction of the Wuerttemberg section was subordinate to senior building officer Carl Julius Abel , on the Baden side Max Becker was in charge of the Grand Ducal Baden State Railways . In the discussion about the routing of the remaining section, the local council of the then still independent municipality of Stetten am Heuchelberg presented the planners with a fait accompli: The local stop was built before it was known whether the route would affect the place at all.
With the completion of the line, the Baden State Railways, in an amendment to the original agreements, took over full ownership of the railway by taking over the loan of 12 million marks issued by Karlsruhe. The number of passengers on the Kraichgaubahn rose continuously in the years that followed.
1880 to 1945
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Kraichgaubahn_Joehlingen_1879.jpg/220px-Kraichgaubahn_Joehlingen_1879.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Joehlingen_Bruecke.jpg/220px-Joehlingen_Bruecke.jpg)
In 1900 the Kraichgau Railway was also connected to the Meckesheim-Jagstfelder Railway by a connection to Steinsfurt . This connection ran along the Elsenz .
The towns of Dürrenbüchig and Gölshausen (today districts of Bretten) on the Kraichgau Railway had complained that they had not been given a stop. Her request was subsequently granted in 1906. In 1888 the two-track expansion of the Bretten – Eppingen – Heilbronn section took place as part of a military supply route from Central Germany via Nuremberg, Crailsheim, Heilbronn, Bretten, Bruchsal, Zweibrücken into the Saar region and to Lorraine. The importance of the connection in peacetime, however, remained low, and the desire for express train connections between Karlsruhe and Würzburg / Nuremberg via the Kraichgau Railway was not heard by the railway administrations. However, from 1906 to 1914 the luxury train “ Paris - Karlsbad -Express” was run over the Kraichgau Railway due to the overload at Stuttgart Central Station . It was considered a wing train of the Orient Express via Nuremberg to Karlsbad. However, the outbreak of World War I brought the end of this long-distance train.
On March 31, 1920, the Baden and Württemberg State Railways were merged into the newly established Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft . However, due to the reparation payments that Germany had to pay after losing the First World War, there was no money for further expansion of the railway line. Efforts in the following years to extend the Durlach – Bretten section to two tracks were unsuccessful. From 1935 so-called "diesel railcars" of the type VT 137 were used for the first time .
German Federal Railroad (1945–1992)
Towards the end of the Second World War , the Kraichgau Railway, like most other railway lines, suffered severe damage. Since the Wehrmacht blew up bridges in Grötzingen and Rinklingen, the route between Karlsruhe and Bretten was not passable for several months, and rail traffic from Karlsruhe to Kraichgau had to be routed via Bruchsal. At the same time, the line was part of the only rail connection between Karlsruhe and Stuttgart until the Bietigheimer railway viaduct was reopened in August 1945 .
The era of scheduled steam operation ended in May 1972 . From then on the wrong Kraichgaubahn railcars and locomotives of the 218 series and the 212 series strung silver Ling trains. From 1976 the Deutsche Bundesbahn had plans to shut down the regional line together with the line between Eppingen and Sinsheim. For example, the two-track section between Bretten and Heilbronn was largely reduced to one track. At that time there was strong resistance against the closure plans among the population, with special trains and road blockades the people of Eppingen in particular drew attention to themselves.
In the late 1980s, class 628 diesel multiple units took over passenger transport. At the same time, operations between Bretten and Heilbronn were partially suspended on weekends.
Takeover by AVG and expansion into a light rail system (since 1992)
Subsequently, the Albtal-Verkehrs-Gesellschaft (AVG), a company of the city of Karlsruhe, took over the costs for the modernization and electrification of the route as part of a pilot project from around 1990. The current system used by Deutsche Bahn was the 16.7 Hz alternating current.
The line was integrated into the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn network on September 25, 1992 in the Karlsruhe – Bretten-Gölshausen section as line “B” after the first light rail line, the Albtalbahn , opened in 1957 , was designated as line “A”. While the latter was operated continuously with direct current, line B changed not only the legal status but also the electricity system when it transitioned from the tram to the railway network. At the same time, this was the final step in the history of the development of the “Karlsruhe Model”.
While the existing train stations were modernized, numerous new stops were also created, especially in the city of Bretten, for example the “Stadtmitte” stop closer to the center. The AVG also rebuilt several sections of the route that had been removed from one track to double-track, while the second continuous track from Jöhlingen West to Wössingen East was completely new. Since all the tunnels were also designed to have two tracks, continuous electrification of the route was possible without great expense, as the individual track only had to be relocated in the middle of the tunnel.
The success of the new light rail line was immediate: instead of the previous average of 1,800 travelers, 8,500 passengers used the train between Karlsruhe and Bretten every day at the beginning of 1993. Even on the railcar journeys of the Bundesbahn, the number of passengers grew. Since regular trains were now also offered on Sundays, the number of rail travelers even increased by 30-fold. So an extension of the light rail line beyond Bretten made sense. In 1996 the remaining through DB trains from Karlsruhe to Heilbronn were abandoned. From then on, these only ran between Bretten-Gölshausen and Heilbronn.
When the tram was extended to Eppingen on June 1, 1997, the DB trains still ran between Eppingen and Heilbronn, before the tram reached Heilbronn's main station on September 26, 1999, after a tram had been running on weekends from March 1999 There had been preliminary operations between Eppingen and Heilbronn. On November 5, 2000, the Böckingen-Sun Fountain stop and the second track Böckingen-Berufsschulzentrum - Heilbronn Hbf were also put into operation. The conversion of the Eppingen – Heilbronn section cost around 72 million German marks , or around 55.2 million euros. In 2000 the Bretten train station was completely modernized. Since July 21, 2001, the Kraichgaubahn trains have been running beyond Heilbronn main station to the city center, since 2004 to the eastern outskirts and since December 10, 2005 after two and a half years of construction on a section of the Heilbronn – Crailsheim railway line to Öhringen .
Between 2003 and 2004 the Kraichgau Railway was part of the "longest light rail line in the world" when scheduled continuous journeys from Freudenstadt via the Murg Valley Railway to Karlsruhe and on to Heilbronn were possible with a length of 155 km and a travel time of over 3½ hours. However, since this route was too susceptible to delays and at the same time the extension to Öhringen was due, it had to be given up again and the route was changed in the direction of Baden-Baden-Achern. The 2005/2006 timetable offered a continuous daily connection from Öhringen to Freudenstadt with a travel time of 4 hours and 14 minutes.
On December 11, 2009, the Böckingen West stop was inaugurated, which had been built in the eight months before for around 1.6 million euros.
The level crossing in km 119.898 at the Böckingen Sununnen stop was taken out of service on February 11, 2019 and replaced by an underpass and on March 28, 2019 by a level crossing for pedestrians and cyclists with a safety system of the type BÜP93 / LzF-ÜS in km 119.902 .
The Ministry of Transport plans to set up an express connection from Karlsruhe to Heilbronn from December 2022 that does not serve the city centers. These trains could not be operated by AVG due to public procurement regulations. These services were awarded to DB Regio as part of network 7b “Karlsruhe Networks”, which will use Alstom Coradia Continental multiple units there . It is expected that the implementation of the plans of the Ministry of Transport could require the establishment of two tracks between Schwaigern and Leingarten, for which the planning and construction costs are estimated at around 14 million euros. According to the Ministry of Transport, the state of Baden-Württemberg could possibly assume half of the eligible construction costs.
Since the introduction of the express connections between Karlsruhe main station and Heilbronn one of three hourly connections to the Karlsruhe city center will have to be canceled, the district of Karlsruhe is planning to expand the section between Grötzingen and Bretten in order to be able to offer 3 light rail connections per hour in addition to the express connection in the future. The two-track expansion between Grötzingen Pfinzbrücke and the Jöhlinger Tunnel and between Wössingen Ost and Dürrenbüchig is planned. The planning also includes an additional dirt track in the Gölshausen / Bauerbach area
business
operator
The electrified route is now operated by the Albtal-Verkehrs-Gesellschaft as a section of the S4 line (Karlsruhe – Bretten – Heilbronn – Öhringen) with modern electric multiple units of the types GT8-100C / 2S , GT8-100D / 2S-M and ET 2010 , they was leased by AVG from Deutsche Bahn for 25 years .
The Karlsruher Verkehrsverbund (KVV) and the Heilbronner Hohenloher Haller Nahverkehr (H3NV) are involved in the route and meet in Eppingen. Other networks are affected.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Heilbronn_Hauptbahnhof_Gleisvorfeld_20051230.jpg/220px-Heilbronn_Hauptbahnhof_Gleisvorfeld_20051230.jpg)
Stop on the go
The platform height on top of the rail is in Wössingen East, Bretten, Gölshausen industry as well as in all hold between Epping and Heilbronn 55 cm, thus a more equal entry into the preferably used is medium-floor rail vehicles of the type GT 8-100D / 2S-M possible. At all other stops, the platform height is 38 cm.
All platforms have a length of at least 120 m, so that in times of particularly high traffic - especially in morning business and school traffic - the use of multiple units is possible. However, since the inner city areas in Karlsruhe and Heilbronn are only designed for a double traction due to structural restrictions, trains rarely run in maximum length, also because of the effort involved in separating and merging trains in front of the inner cities.
The section from Grötzingen (kilometer 0.0) to behind Eppingen (kilometer 43.5) has the official route number 4201. The following section to Heilbronn (kilometer 140.0 to 118.6) is part of route 4950, which begins in Crailsheim whose zero point is already the Goldshöfe station on the Upper Jagstbahn .
The subsequent stops in Heilbronn city center are the station forecourt (with change from EBO to BOStrab and power system change), Neckar Tower at Kurt-Schumacher-Platz , City Hall , Harmonie , Friedensplatz , tax office and Pfühlpark . Immediately after this station there is the ramp for the transition to the Heilbronn – Crailsheim line with the opposite system change: from BOStrab back to EBO.
Timetable
Non-stop trains run twice an hour between Karlsruhe and Heilbronn, each connection being an “ express train ” with a smaller number of stops. The regular travel time between the marketplaces of the two major cities is 98 minutes, with an express train it is 81 minutes.
By the end of 2010, express trains started on the Rhine Valley Railway in Achern and ended in Weinsberg , while the other trains run to Öhringen . As far as Gölshausen, the offer will be increased by one more trip every hour, and there will also be one or two additional trips every hour from Schwaigern, which will be connected to Öhringen.
Since December 2003, the so-called Kraichgau Sprinter has been traveling from Karlsruhe to Heilbronn twice a day in each direction . This only stops en route in Karlsruhe-Durlach, Bretten and Eppingen and takes 61 minutes. In contrast to the normal light rail trains that run through Karlsruhe city center, the Kraichgau Sprinter will bypass it. It is also the fastest train connection that has ever existed between the two cities: the Paris-Karlsbad Express used to take 76 minutes without a stop (1906–1914).
Freight transport
Even if the Kraichgau Railway connects the cities of Karlsruhe and Heilbronn, at no point was there any significant long-distance rail freight traffic between the two cities or beyond. The route was mainly important for agriculture in the fertile Kraichgau, especially during the beet campaign for the removal of sugar beets. This form of transport was discontinued by Deutsche Bahn at the end of 1993, as was the case on all other Baden-Wuerttemberg railways. In 2001, as part of the “ MORA C ” rationalization program, even the complete discontinuation of freight transport was under discussion. As a result, after the passenger traffic, the AVG also took over the freight traffic on the Kraichgau Railway between Bretten and Heilbronn, while there had been no rail customers in freight traffic between Karlsruhe and Bretten for a long time.
AVG currently serves rail sidings in Eppingen (two metal processing companies and the Raiffeisen goods cooperative) and in Sulzfeld (one metal processing company).
See also
literature
- Karlsruhe Federal Railway Directorate : 100 years of the Kraichgaubahn 1879-1979 . Self-published, Heidelberg 1979.
- Dieter Ludwig : The Kraichgaubahn: Rail traffic between Karlsruhe and Eppingen from the beginning until today . Regional culture publishing house, Ubstadt-Weiher 2004, ISBN 3-89735-289-3 .
- Klaus Bindewald: The Heilbronn Stadtbahn: Rail traffic between Eppingen and Öhringen . Regional culture publishing house, Ubstadt-Weiher 2005, ISBN 3-89735-416-0 .
- Karl Müller: The Baden railways in a historical-statistical representation . Heidelberger Verlagsanstalt und Druckerei, Heidelberg 1904 ( uni-koeln.de ).
- Hans-Wolfgang Scharf: The railway in Kraichgau. Railway history between the Rhine and Neckar . EK-Verlag, Freiburg (Breisgau) 2006, ISBN 3-88255-769-9 .
Web links
- Kraichgaubahn in the Stadtwiki Karlsruhe
- Kraichgaubahn on the NVBW website
- Tunnel portals of the Kraichgau Railway
- Excerpt from the course book from 1944
- Kraichgaubahn at bwbahnfans.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ DB Netze - Infrastructure Register
- ↑ Railway Atlas Germany . 9th edition. Schweers + Wall, Aachen 2014, ISBN 978-3-89494-145-1 .
- ^ Karl Müller: The Baden railways in a historical-statistical representation . Heidelberger Verlagsanstalt und Druckerei (Hörning and Berkenbusch), 1904, p. 174 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ 100 years of the Kraichgaubahn p. 82/83.
- ^ Andreas Janikowski, Jörg Ott: Germany's S-Bahn. History, technology, operations. transpress, Stuttgart, 2002, ISBN 3-613-71195-8
- ^ A b c Andreas Berk, Günter Koch and Dieter Ludwig: Stadtbahn and its development: Step-by-step construction of the network. In: Commissioning of the tram in downtown Heilbronn - the Heilbronn region realizes its visions. Archived from the original on January 16, 2017 ; accessed on January 16, 2017 .
- ↑ Financing. In: karlsruher-modell.de. TransportTechnologie-Consult Karlsruhe GmbH (TTK), accessed on January 16, 2017 .
- ↑ Böckingen-West tram stop inaugurated. Heilbronner Demokratie GmbH & Co. KG, December 11, 2009, accessed on March 10, 2017 .
- ↑ Major changes to the NBS-AT and NBS-BT. (PDF) Archived from the original on October 2, 2019 ; accessed on October 2, 2019 .
- ↑ Karlsruher Netze: DB Regio is to receive a contract for transport services. Ministry of Transport Baden-Württemberg, July 27, 2019, accessed on January 20, 2020 .
- ↑ a b Reto Bosch: Does the pact bring a better rhythm for the light rail? Heilbronner Demokratie GmbH & Co. KG, August 25, 2017, accessed on August 27, 2017 .
- ↑ Local public transport (ÖPNV) - progress report on further infrastructure projects. Meeting template KT / 41/2020 for the district council. Karlsruhe district , July 16, 2020, accessed on July 27, 2020 .