Belaruskaya chyhunka

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Cyrillic ( Belarusian )
Беларуская чыгунка (БЧ)
Łacinka : Biełaruskaja čyhunka (BČ)
Transcr. : Belaruskaya chyhunka
Cyrillic ( Russian )
Белорусская железная дорога (БЖД)
Transl .: Belorusskaya železnaja doroga (BŽD)
Transcr .: Belorusskaya zheleznaya doroga
The rail network in Belarus
Development of the route network
Electrified railway lines
Administrative districts
  • Baranavichy district
  • Brest district
  • Gomel district
  • Mahiljou district
  • Minsk district
  • Vitebsk district
    • Car in the gauge change facility in Brest
    Stadler FLIRT in Minsk
    BKG1 class locomotive
    DP3 on the way from Minsk to Vilnius

    Belaruskaja tschyhunka (BČ, also: BTsch, Russian : Belorusskaja schelesnaja doroga ) is the Belarusian state railway .

    history

    The first railway line on what is now Belarusian territory was a section of the St. Petersburg-Warsaw Railway, built between 1851 and 1862 . This section went into operation on December 27, 1862. Today's main line from Brest via Minsk towards Moscow followed in 1871. More than 4,000 km of route were built on what is now Belarusian territory by 1917. Until the outbreak of the Second World War it was 5700 km. Of this, 4,000 km were destroyed at the end of the war.

    The BČ was created after the collapse of the Soviet Union as the successor to the Soviet railways on Belarusian territory. As a state enterprise, BČ is subordinate to the Belarusian Ministry of Transport . BČ has been a member of OSJD and UIC since 1992 .

    Infrastructure

    The railway network of the BČ has - with a few exceptions - the Russian broad gauge of 1520 mm taken over from the times of Russian and Soviet rule . It has a length of about 5500 km and is oriented in a star shape towards the centrally located capital Minsk. The cornerstones are Hrodna , Brest , Homel , Mahiljou , Orsha and Vitebsk . Large parts of the network are electrified with 25 kV 50 Hz. Electrification is constantly being promoted. Electricity has been used between Homel, Schlobin and Asipowitschi (193 km) since 2016, and electrical operation of the Maladsetschna - Hudohai line , border station to Lithuania , (84 km) is due to start in 2017 . The next section - until 2020 - is the Schlobin - Kalinkawitschi - Barbarau section .

    The western border of the network forms the transition to the 1435 mm network of Central and Western Europe , the transition between the rules of the OSJD and OTIF and the transition to the European Union .

    Important train stations are

    vehicles

    The old vehicle fleet was taken over from Soviet stocks. Electric locomotives from Czechoslovakia and diesel locomotives from Russian and Ukrainian production operate ( Kolomna locomotive factory ). In suburban and regional traffic, there are electric multiple units (" Elektritschka ") and diesel multiple units. Railway cars from GDR production are common.

    The vehicle fleet is being gradually modernized. Within the current five-year plan (2016-2020), the following were procured:

    business

    National transport

    The railway is an important carrier of inland freight traffic , which is dense on the main lines. 62% of the freight transport within Belarus is accounted for by rail. The center of goods traffic is the Minsk Sartaval'ny marshalling yard . There are 16 container terminals . BČ itself has 2,500 containers in stock .

    In domestic passenger traffic, the railway provides around 40% of the transport performance. Long-distance trains that require reservation and local and suburban trains without reservation are offered. The center of the passenger traffic is the BC Minsk Central Station Minsk Passaschyrski . In the metropolitan agglomerations of Minsk there are three S-Bahn- like suburban lines that are served by " Elektritschka ". They lead to Zaslavl , Rudensk and Smolevichi . A fourth line to Dzerzhinsk is to be set up by 2020.

    International transport

    Freight transport

    About 30% of the country's exports are transported by rail. Belarus is also an important transit country. There are 16 border stations at which 160 pairs of freight trains are handled every day . The handling time for a container train is between six and nine hours. The international connections that cross the country run mainly in a northeast-southwest direction. Most important are the connections:

    The BČ is also an important component in transcontinental rail traffic between Europe, East and Southeast Asia . Around 30 trains per week run between Europe and China via the BČ network. You are driven here at an average speed of more than 100 km / h. Container traffic is showing considerable growth rates: 235,500 containers were transported in 2016. That was 143% more than in 2015. The container train “Viking” runs between Belarus and the Lithuanian port of Klaipėda , between the ports of Tallinn and Riga on the one hand and Odessa ( Ukraine ) and Chornomorsk (previously: Illichivsk) on the other hand the container train “ Subr "( bison ).

    Rail transit traffic between Kaliningrad Oblast and metropolitan Russia also uses the BČ for both freight and passenger traffic.

    passenger traffic

    There are international connections in passenger transport to Kazakhstan , Latvia , Lithuania , Moldova , Poland, Russia and the Ukraine. There are also connections to Germany , France , Italy , Monaco , Austria and the Czech Republic free of charge with Russian trains that run on the BČ . However, the average speed of international trains is only just under 66 km / h, which is not least due to the fact that the trains are still long at the border to track the trains. High-speed traffic is planned on the Minsk – Vilnius connection.

    BČ operates a luxury train for rail cruises in Eastern and Northeastern Europe under the name Bellaruss-Courier .

    Worth knowing

    The Central Museum of BC is located in Baranovichi .

    literature

    • Belarusian Railways: Byelorussian Railway as the Most Important Component of the International Railway Integration on the Eurasian Continent . In: OSJD Bulletin 1-2 / 2017, pp. 1–9.

    Web links

    Remarks

    1. ↑ With this system, the train now only needs 35 minutes for the gauge change instead of the previous 137 minutes (Belarusian Railway: Byelorussian Railway , p. 8).
    2. ↑ Of this , 46,200 containers were accounted for by the block trains that run between the Volkswagen plants in Germany and the Czech Republic on the one hand and Russia on the other (Belarusian Railway: Byelorussian Railway , p. 5).

    Individual evidence

    1. ^ Belarusian Railways: Byelorussian Railway , p. 9.
    2. ↑ Belarusian Railway: Byelorussian Railway , p. 1f.
    3. ↑ Belarusian Railway: Byelorussian Railway , p. 2.
    4. ^ Belarusian Railways: Byelorussian Railway , p. 3.
    5. ↑ Belarusian Railway: Byelorussian Railway , p. 7.
    6. ^ Belarusian Railways: Byelorussian Railway , p. 1.
    7. ↑ Belarusian Railway: Byelorussian Railway , p. 7.
    8. ↑ Belarus orders more Flirts on railwaygazette.com , accessed on February 10, 2019
    9. ^ Belarusian Railways: Byelorussian Railway , p. 3.
    10. ^ Belarusian Railways: Byelorussian Railway , p. 3.
    11. ^ Belarusian Railways: Byelorussian Railway , p. 3.
    12. ↑ Belarusian Railway: Byelorussian Railway , p. 8.
    13. ^ Belarusian Railways: Byelorussian Railway , p. 3.
    14. ^ Belarusian Railways: Byelorussian Railway , p. 4.
    15. ^ Belarusian Railways: Byelorussian Railway , p. 1.
    16. ^ Belarusian Railways: Byelorussian Railway , p. 4.
    17. ^ Belarusian Railways: Byelorussian Railway , p. 4.
    18. ↑ Belarusian Railway: Byelorussian Railway , p. 5.
    19. ↑ Belarusian Railway: Byelorussian Railway , p. 8.
    20. ↑ Belarusian Railway: Byelorussian Railway , p. 8.
    21. ^ Belarusian Railways: Byelorussian Railway , p. 9.