Designation systems for Soviet and Russian motor vehicles
Various systems for classifying and designating motor vehicles were used in the Soviet Union .
The system currently still in use is based on the ON 025270-66 (ОН 025270-66) standard and was introduced in 1966. According to him, light motor vehicles are classified mainly according to the engine capacity, trucks according to their total weight and buses according to their length. The system still has an official character in today's Russia and is used by the majority of vehicle manufacturers. It also serves as the assessment base for vehicle tax .
Classification system 1945 to 1966
A first classification system was introduced in 1945 and replaced by the new classification system in 1966. Vehicles such as the GAZ-24 produced at that time kept their number according to the old classification system.
According to this system, the designation of motor vehicles consists of a combination of letters for the manufacturer and a two- or three-digit number. Each manufacturer was assigned a number block, within this block the developments were numbered consecutively.
When manufacturers were founded between 1945 and 1966, the assigned number ranges had to be split up. Number ranges of manufacturers who discontinued vehicle production were assigned to other plants.
When serial production was transferred from one manufacturer to another, the group of numbers was usually retained, only the group of letters changed. So the MAZ-200 and the MAZ-205 carried a number from the group of Yaroslavsky Avtomobilny Sawod , because they had been developed there. The GAZ-69 was built with the transfer of production to the Uljanowski Avtomobilny Sawod to the UAZ-69 and the GZA-651 bus was also built as the RAF-651 in the Rishskaya Avtobuznaja Fabrika . The latter used non-standard terms for new developments until the late 1950s, e.g. B. for the minibus RAF-10 or the minibus RAF-251 .
The unoccupied area between 300 and 349 was used by the Uljanowski Avtomobilny Sawod between 1947 and 1952 for a number of prototypes of light trucks ( UAZ-300 , UAZ-302 , etc.), which however did not go into series production. It is unknown whether this was provided for by government planning and why the number range was not reassigned.
Classification system from 1966
The 1966 classification system is still used in today's Russian automotive industry, although not all manufacturers apply it to the full.
The system consists of a group of letters for the manufacturer and a group of four to six digits.
First digit
The meaning of the first digit is different for cars, trucks and buses.
For cars, the first digit means:
| Digit | class | group | Cubic capacity in cm³ | Empty weight in kg | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Microcar | 1 | to 849 | to 649 | WAZ-1111 |
| 2 | 850 ... 1099 | 650… 799 | SAS-1102 | ||
| 2 | Small car | 1 | 1100… 1299 | 800 ... 899 | WAZ-2101 |
| 2 | 1300 ... 1499 | 900… 1049 | WAZ-2103 | ||
| 3 | 1500… 1799 | 1050 ... 1149 | WAZ-2106 | ||
| 3 | Middle class | 1 | 1800 ... 2499 | 1150 ... 1299 | |
| 2 | 2500 ... 3499 | 1300 ... 1499 | GAZ-3102 | ||
| 4th | Upper class | 1 | 3500 ... 4999 | 1500 ... 1899 | |
| 2 | 5000 and larger | 1900 and larger | ZIL-4104 | ||
| 5 | top class | - | no stipulations | ||
For trucks, the first digit indicates the gross vehicle weight:
| Digit | Total weight, kg |
|---|---|
| 1 | less than 1200 |
| 2 | 1200-2000 |
| 3 | 2000-8000 |
| 4th | 8000-14000 |
| 5 | 14,000-20,000 |
| 6th | 20,000-40,000 |
| 7th | greater than 40,000 |
For buses, the first digit indicates the vehicle length:
| Digit | Length, m |
|---|---|
| 2 | less than 5.5 |
| 3 | 6 - 7.5 |
| 4th | 8 - 9.5 |
| 5 | 10.5 - 12 |
| 6th | longer 16 |
Second digit
The second digit indicates the type of transport:
| Digit | Art |
|---|---|
| 1 | Passenger cars |
| 2 | Bus |
| 3 | Trucks |
| 4th | tractor |
| 5 | Dump truck |
| 6th | Tank truck |
| 7th | Box body |
| 8th | - |
| 9 | Special vehicle |
Third and fourth and fifth digits
The third and fourth digits were assigned by the manufacturer to differentiate between the different variants of a vehicle. A fifth digit was given for modifications to the original model.
Sixth digit
The sixth digit is mainly used to identify export variants:
| Digit | meaning |
|---|---|
| 1 | Export version for cold climates |
| 4th | Export version for countries with left-hand traffic |
| 6th | Export version for moderate climates |
| 7th | Export version for tropical climates |
| 8.9 | other export versions |
Examples
WAZ-21063 : Manufacturer Wolschskij Avtomobilny Zavod (WAZ), small car with a displacement of 1200 cm³ to 1800 cm³ (2), passenger car (1), sixth model of the series (06), third modification (3).
Ural-4320 : manufacturer Uralsky Avtomobilny Zavod (Ural), gross vehicle weight 8000 - 14000 kg (4), trucks (3), twentieth model of the series (20)
MAZ-5335 : Manufacturer Minski Avtomobilny Zavod (MAZ), gross vehicle weight 14,000 - 20,000 kg (5), trucks (3), thirty-fifth model in the range (35)
MAZ-53352 : manufacturer Minski Avtomobilny Zavod (MAZ), gross vehicle weight 14,000 - 20,000 kg (5), trucks (3), thirty-fifth model of the series (35), second modification (2)
MAZ-5428 : Manufacturer Minski Awtomobilny Sawod (MAZ), gross vehicle weight 14,000 - 20,000 kg (5), tractor unit (4), twenty-eighth model in the series (28)
MAZ-5549 Manufacturer Minski Awtomobilny Zavod (MAZ), gross vehicle weight 14,000 - 20,000 kg (5), dump truck (5), forty-ninth model in the series (49)
KamAZ-5320 : Manufacturer Kamski Awtomobilny Zavod (KamAZ), gross vehicle weight 14,000 - 20,000 kg (5), truck (3), twentieth model in the series (20)
The Volschsky Avtomobilny Zavod deviated from this classification scheme in part. The models of the Lada Kalina were designated as WAZ-1117, −1118 and −1119, although they are equipped with engines from 1400 to 1600 cm³. According to the above scheme, however, the first number "1" identifies a car with a maximum displacement of 799 cm³. With the introduction of the Lada Kalina 2, however, the designations were adapted to the standard again, the successor to the 1117 has the number group 2194, that of the 1119 has the number group 2192.
literature
- И.Н. Порватов, С.Р. Кристальный: Классификация и маркировка автомобилей. Методические указания к практическим занятиям по дисциплине "основы конструкции автомобилей ' , Московский Автомобильно-Дорожный Государственный Технический Университет, автомобилей Кафедра, Москва 2010. УДК 629.33-048.445 ББК 39.33-7