Car body U. Höhener's heirs

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Car body U. Höhener's heirs
legal form one-man business
founding 1896
Seat St. Gallen
Branch Vehicle construction, body construction

Carrosserie U. Höhener's Erben , sometimes for short Höhener, Höhener's Erben or U. Höhener's Erben (rarely without an apostrophe ), was a Swiss body construction company based in St. Gallen . The original company under the founder Ulrich Höhener existed from 1896 until his death in 1923; As a manufacturer of carriages , large sledges and wagons , it was at times one of the three big wagon builders in Switzerland, alongside Carrosserie Reinbolt & Christé (formerly Carrosserie Eugène Kauffmann) in Basel and Carrosserie C. & R. Geissberger in Zurich . From 1923 his descendants continued to run the company in St. Gallen; besides specially made special bodies on different cars - chassis for private customers came in greater numbers utility vehicle - constructions among others for the Swiss army and Swiss Post as well as modifications to ambulances . At least one tram car was also rebuilt.

Background and history

The family name Höhener is widespread in St. Gallen and the surrounding area; Name bearers can be found in politics , business and the military for several centuries . The Swiss Ulrich Höhener was born in 1872 or 1873, but details about his family background and his exact place of birth are not known. His mother tongue was (at least also) German , at least in the further course he also learned French fluently . At a young age he was interested in the design and construction of carriages, large sledges for the transport of goods and people, as well as carts.

Targeted training for this was not possible in Switzerland towards the end of the 19th century. Rather worked locksmith for the chassis along with carpenters to build, upholsterers for the interior design, painters for exterior design and Wagnern for Räderbau. Ulrich Höhener therefore went to Paris , a center of vehicle construction at the time, for training . There he gained practical experience with well-known manufacturers and between 1894 and 1896 acquired several diplomas and medals with which he later advertised on letterheads.

Company history

Carriages, sleighs and wagons

Ulrich Höhener returned to Switzerland in 1896 at the age of 23 and founded his own wagon construction company. A saddlery, a locksmith's shop, a forge and a paint shop were quickly added to the cartwright, so that Höhener did not have to outsource any trades. By the turn of the century he rose to become one of the three big "Carrosseries" in Switzerland, alongside Carrosserie Reinbolt & Christé in Basel and Geissberger in Zurich. The model was the luxury cars from Paris, which were considered leading in Europe at the time. The model album from the Höhener car factory has been preserved from around 1900 with numerous types of car, including breaks and Viktorias , and some plans and hand-drawn drawings have survived. Ulrich Höhener verifiably used two of the most important contemporary specialist books for his designs, on the one hand the "Guide du Carrossier" from France, on the other hand "German Vehicle Technology" from Germany. Höhener gained notoriety and reputation in particular through the manufacture of still rare solid rubber tires, which significantly increased the comfort compared to metal-clad wooden wheels. On the occasion of the “Cantonal Agricultural Exhibition St. Gallen 1907” Ulrich Höhener was awarded a “First Class Diploma”. A Swiss museum operator and collector of carriages reissued Höhener's sample album from around 1900 in 2010.

At that time Ulrich Höhener did not dare to make the leap to become an independent automobile manufacturer, but he did start building car bodies.

Automobile bodies under Ulrich Höhener

It is unclear exactly when Höhener produced the first car bodies. Some sources say that automobile bodies were not documented until 1920. This is countered by an advertisement from the Swiss specialist magazine Automobil Revue from 1912. In it, the company U. Höhener, Carrosserie, St. Gallen advertises with the following statements: “Execution of impeccable automobile bodies at moderate prices - newly established establishment with its own saddlery and paint shop”, furthermore: “Fine and solid work - light in weight "And" Shortest delivery time - most extensive guarantee . " A large four-door six-window sedan is shown as a drawing . At that time the company was located at Gasfabrikstrasse 21-27 in St. Gallen and already had its own telephone connection. Individual sources date the construction of the first automobile bodies by Ulrich Höhener to the time shortly after the turn of the century.

Other advertisements from 1915 and 1916 were more modern and also mention a “large car garage and repair shop” and the sale of “car accessories, petrol, oil, etc.”; the corner of Volksbadstrasse and Frohbergstrasse was given as the address. A drawing now showed an already somewhat rounded Coupé de Ville with an open chauffeur seat, possibly built on a chassis from the Swiss luxury class manufacturer Martini . According to the advertisements, Höhener specialized in completely or partially closed bodies, which were still rare at the time, when open bodies with an emergency roof such as touring cars , Phaetons and roadsters were still common.

In 1918, the Höhener company was one of the founding members of the Association of the Swiss Car Body Industry (VSCI) . Another founding member was the temporarily competing smaller body construction company H. Sanwald, which was active from 1919 to 1927 and also based in St. Gallen.

Ulrich Höhener, who is described as a restless businessman, died unexpectedly in 1923 at the age of only 50. He left behind his wife and children who had already worked in his father's company.

Automobile bodies under Carrosserie U. Höhener's heirs

Even after Ulrich Höhener's death, individual, self-contained car bodies in the upper-class and luxury car segment formed an important economic pillar; from then on the company operated at the same location as Carrosserie U. Höhener's Erben under the leadership of Höhener's wife and children. So-called “all-weather bodies” became a specialty, a special form of open touring cars in which the canvas roof was tighter and insertable glass side windows with thin metal frames gave the occupants above-average protection from wind and weather. Another specialty were so-called "balloon" attachments, metal vehicle roofs that could be removed at the top, similar to modern hardtop roof attachments; with a roof, the vehicles offered the comfort of conventional sedans with four or six side windows, without a roof the fresh air pleasure of open-top touring cars, Phaetons and torpedoes . Many car bodies were designed in the style of Weymann bodies , that is, they had a wooden frame and an artificial leather cover ; Although they were light and free of twisting noises, they were not as durable as all-steel bodies - one reason why very few vehicles from this era have survived.

When the Swiss economy fell into a crisis in 1929 and unemployment spread, the St. Gallen-based company received support from the VSCI, among other things: an advertisement campaign encouraged Swiss customers to have their new vehicles clad by local bodybuilders. When the Swiss manufacturer of luxury cars, Martini, ended production in mid-1934, the members of the VSCI, including Höhener's heirs, took over the remaining chassis and body them in the period that followed. From the period after 1935 - apart from the newly built Peugeot for the St. Gallen industrialist Götti from the 1950s - no special bodies on car chassis are known; Against this background, the year 1935 is occasionally mentioned, but also 1955 as the time at which the production of special bodies on car chassis at Höhener's Erben ended. From then on, Höhener concentrated his body shop on trucks, coaches and ambulances. As with competing bodywork companies, the focus of activity shifted to repairs and conversions in passenger cars. In particular, from 1933 at the latest, Höhener was a licensee of the Zurich company Arbenz for the “Sunsaloon” roll-up roof ; this was retrofitted in limousines and was very popular for a long time.

At least from 1933 the address was Volksbadstrasse 23. In the further course, at least before April 1945, the company moved into larger premises; the address was henceforth Fürstenlandstrasse 21 in St. Gallen.

As Carrosserie U. Höhener's Erben, the company existed until January 1971 at the latest; Since then, at the latest, it has been operating in the next generation of the family as Carrosserie E. Höhener and has continued operations at the old location with a stronger focus on vehicle trade and repair.

The Höhener vehicles

Sometimes the vehicles built in St. Gallen were described as “elegant beauties from Eastern Switzerland” and also enjoyed a good reputation throughout the country. Preserved photos from the 1920s document a wide range of bodies, chassis used and vehicle classes.

Overview of passenger coaches built by Höhener

In keeping with contemporary tastes, many of the bodies at the St. Gallen company were initially still open, often five to seven-seater touring cars, rarely sporty two to three-seater roadsters. The range ranged from the sporty, exclusive Swiss Pic-Pic to mid-range Opel to popular Fiat and Renault . An open two-seater on a Bugatti chassis has been handed down from 1926 . Sedans were also built on Fiat chassis, but also those from Peugeot , Martini , Presto and others, two-seater coupés on chassis from Amilcar and Citroën .

Overview of commercial vehicles bodyworked by Höhener

A Vauxhall from around 1950, which Carrosserie U. Höhener's Erben converted into a “Fourgon” for the Swiss Post (rediscovered in a Ticino forest in the early 2000s, exhibited in 2009)
The Saurer V2C truck from 1957, restored by Höhener for the Bauberger company

Even among the horse-drawn vehicles from Höhener's early days there were a wide variety of commercial vehicles. These ranged from simple Bock cars to corporate to hearse . In contrast to Eugène Kauffmann or Reinbolt & Christé and Geissberger, Ulrich Höhener also took on orders for Swiss Post. Fire trucks on Saurer chassis for the cities of St. Gallen and Winterthur were among the early motorized commercial vehicles body-built by Höhener . He also built an Saurer-based bus that ran on the Madrid - Barcelona long-distance route . He had three travel classes; in the first the upholstered armchairs were covered with fine fabric, in the second with leather, in the third there were only wooden benches. An excursion bus on a Saurer chassis, dressed up by Höhener's heirs for the Emil Brander company in Herisau, has come down to us from 1929 . In any case, from 1933 on, Höhener advertised on his letterhead that he was a supplier for federal military vehicles and postal buses.

After 1935, Höhener concentrated largely on commercial vehicle bodies, especially coaches and ambulances. For 1936, a 16-seater "car Alpin" and are Hürlimann - Tractor with panel of Höhener occupied. A twelve-page catalog published in 1939 shows numerous vehicles with bodywork at Höhener, including a “Car Alpin” in “ streamlined and ultra-modern design” with eleven to thirty seats, which could be built on Saurer or American chassis, as required. It also contains images of a bus made by Höhener for the city of St. Gallen with 25 seats and 45 standing places, of fire engines, ambulances and business vehicles as well as furniture and trucks. Even after the Second World War, the St. Gallen bodywork company maintained this orientation. Particularly innovative was a modern panel van with front-wheel drive that was clad by Höhener and was presented at the Basel sample fair in 1946 .

Carrosserie U. Höhener's Erben also worked for a time with the Swiss commercial vehicle manufacturer Berna , based in Olten in the canton of Solothurn , which had been majority owned by Saurer since 1929. The focus here was also on bus and truck bodies. As evidenced by published works photos, Höhener used a lattice frame made of welded steel tubes for the bus superstructures , which was planked with sheet steel; the individual segments could be varied in length, width and height so that the basic structure could easily be adapted to different chassis and uses.

In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Höhener converted Vauxhall limousines into two-door delivery vans (" Fourgon ") with a slightly raised roof for the Swiss Post , along with other Swiss bodybuilders . The original vehicles were assembled at General Motors Suisse in Biel / Bienne, Switzerland , depending on the source, four-cylinder Vauxhall Wyvern or externally largely identical Vauxhall Velox with a six-cylinder engine. They were painted in gray-green with black as "Telefönler-Fourgon", in yellow, black and silver for parcel delivery and express delivery. An abandoned specimen was found in a forest in Ticino in the early 2000s and exhibited in Wangen an der Aare in 2009 .

In later years Höhener also took over the restoration of older vehicles; A typical example is the preparation of a Saurer V2C truck from 1957 for the Bauberger company in Elgg .

Rail vehicles built by Höhener

The Trogenerbahn's BDe 4/4 No. 7 multiple unit that has survived from 1952: From 1964/66 to 1999, it served, among other things, as a pulling car for the B 17 passenger car newly built by Höhener

In contrast to many classic bodywork companies, Höhener also built rail vehicles in isolated cases. In 1964, the Trogenerbahn decided to also replace the B 17 passenger car , whereupon the old car body was broken off. On behalf of the railway company, Höhener manufactured a new one in steel construction. The B 17 car - like the B 15, 16 and 18 cars - was originally built between 1906 and 1909. The Trogenerbahn used the passenger car newly built by Höhener until 1999 as part of an overland tram on the St. Gallen – Speicher – Trogen railway line , before it was finally canceled in 2000.

Details of individual automobiles bodyworked by U. Höhener's heirs

Citroën

The company bodyworked a Citroën 10CV Coupé around 1925 in a simple, elegant style ; Characteristic of the short, comfortable two-seater structure is the angular, dark, contrasting roof without rear side windows and the long, rounded rear.

LaSalle

A LaSalle Victoria Cabriolet that Carrosserie U. Höhener's Erben dressed in 1930 or 1931, depending on the source, is described as "very well built". The four- to five-seater structure is characterized by two wide doors, an angularly cut hood and the lack of rear side windows, as well as elegant rim covers and disguised spare wheels on the front fenders. The cabriolet was presented and awarded by its owner at the Lucerne beauty competition. At times, the company used this award and a picture of the vehicle to advertise its bodywork in magazines.

Lancia

A Lancia Lambda Berlina of the Series VII from 1928, a sedan which was still rare at the time and which is visually very similar to the vehicle bodied by Höhener's heirs

In 1932, the St. Gallen bodybuilder produced a sedan body for a Lancia Lambda Series VIII from 1929 with a long wheelbase and four doors. This is remarkable in that this model was already provided with self-supporting bodies at the factory, which made it particularly difficult to convert and rebuild. The large window areas (with a total of six side windows) and the two-tone paintwork, in which the fenders and roof structure stand out in black from the red body are striking. The roof structure is designed in such a way that it can be removed upwards and the vehicle can be used as an open touring car if necessary. The vehicle originally had a torpedo body and belonged to a businessman from Milan . The renovation by Höhener took place in 1932 on behalf of a Zurich furniture manufacturer. The limousine still exists and is considered the last surviving passenger car with a body from Carrosserie U. Höhener's Erben. The current owner from Basel bought the vehicle in 1966 and had it restored until 1969. It was shown in public several times, for example from October 2013 to April 2014 in the exhibition “Swiss Carrossiers” in the Pantheon Basel .

Martini

Martini Six models from 1927/28, two of which were dressed at the Georges Gangloff car body shop in Geneva, a competitor of Höhener's heirs

A longer-term and closer relationship existed with the Swiss luxury car manufacturer Martini until they ceased production in 1934. Presumably an early Martini chassis was dressed up as a simple open touring car when the body shop was still managed by Ulrich Höhener himself. In 1928, Höhener's Erben produced a six-cylinder Martini FU convertible with four doors, very thin retractable window frames, two-tone paintwork and spare wheels on the front fenders. Another Martini convertible described as “impressive” with a total of six side windows is documented for 1929, but with a more modern design in several respects: the interior was lengthened and widened further to the rear, the doors were lengthened and the trunk added to the rear was enlarged . Fashionable, large, polished wheel covers were striking. At times, the company advertised its bodywork work in magazines with a picture of the vehicle as a reference. Little information is known about another Martini with a Höhener body from 1932. In 1945 it was offered as a used car for 14,000 Swiss francs in the Swiss specialist magazine Automobil Revue . A stately Martini NF with a Pullman convertible body from Höhener's heirs and a 4.4-liter six-cylinder engine is still documented for 1935 . What was striking about the fundamentally strict design was the lower window line, which initially ran down slightly behind the windshield, before rising slightly towards the rear.

Mathis

A Weymann coach from Höhener on a Mathis 8 HP MY has been handed down for 1929 .

Mercedes Benz

Presumably as an ambulance, Höhener built the Mercedes-Benz chassis with the chassis number 84840 on behalf of the St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital in 1933.

Minerva

Around the end of the 1920s, Carrosserie Höhener's Erben produced an open four-door touring car that was impressive in length, but simple in style, based on a chassis from the Belgian luxury brand Minerva.

Oldsmobile

In 1934, Höhener's Erben built a tall, seven-seater (chauffeur / Pullman) limousine; it was based on a chassis from the American manufacturer Oldsmobile, which was originally dressed as a normal sedan. Large window areas were characteristic, with all six side windows offering generous ventilation options. Compared to earlier designs, the vehicle has rounded contours, especially in the area of ​​the fenders, the trunk and the window corners.

Opel

As early as 1924, Carrosserie Höhener's Erben was producing a - relatively simple - Phaeton body on an Opel 10/35 hp chassis. He still had classic artillery wheels with thick steel spokes.

Peugeot

The more modern front of a post-war Peugeot 203, in which the curved front fender merges laterally into the front door panel
The rear of a pre-war Peugeot 402 in the form of a four-door sedan, the basis for Höhener's unique Peugeot 402/203 Götti

One of the last passenger cars to be built by Höhener's Erben, the only better known passenger car from the period after the Second World War, was a four-door Peugeot. He combined the passenger cell of a type 402 sedan , as it was built until 1942, with the modern front of a newer Peugeot 203 , as it was produced from 1948. The special design was developed in the 1950s, commissioned by the industrialist Emil godfather, the one in St. Gallen cylinder grinding plant operation. Special features were, on the one hand, the adaptation of the shorter Peugeot 203 front to the longer front end of the 402 including the transition of the modeled front fenders into the doors of the larger sedan, and on the other hand special storage compartments for Götti's fishing equipment. Some of the origins are dated to 1950. There is also a high-priced finished model of the unusual vehicle for collectors on a scale of 1:43.

Pic-pic

One of the first vehicles built by Carrosserie U. Höhener's Erben was a large Swiss Pic-Pic with a slide engine , three-liter displacement and a four-door tourer body. Typical for Höhener and the time was the contrast between the lightly painted body and the black fenders and chassis parts. The passenger car originally came from around 1920. Other features were the four insertable side windows on each side of the vehicle with a particularly thin metal frame, as Höhener offered for a long time as a specialty for various brands as an "all-weather body".

Renault

A rather unusual project for this coachbuilder was a sports roadster based on a Renault 6CV . The sports car from 1924 is characterized by its simple two-seater body with slightly cut out doors and sloping rear on a relatively long chassis. Another application to Renault-base was a small delivery trucks for the distribution of Bernina - sewing machines from the early 1930s.

literature

  • Ferdinand Hediger: Swiss Carrossiers - From the beginning to 1970 . Swiss Classics Publishing, Bäch SZ, Switzerland. 1st edition 2013. ISBN 978-3-952-4171-0-2 , pp. 108-112.
  • Stephan Musfeld (Ed.) / Niklaus Starck (Author): Die Schweizer Carrossiers . Catalog for the special exhibition in the Pantheon Basel, forum for oldtimers from October 27, 2013 - April 6, 2014. Editions Pantheon Basel, Muttenz, Switzerland 2013. ISBN 978-3-952-3682-8-2 , 144 pages, p. 80– 84 (available as a PDF file on the pantheonbasel.ch web portal , size: 28.8 MB, accessed on September 30, 2018).
  • NN: Carrosserie Höhener - Elegant beauties from Eastern Switzerland , in: SwissClassics Revue (magazine), No. 36 (4/2012), p. 60 ff.
  • Andres Furger: Carriages and sleighs in Switzerland - from chariots to city coupes . Verlag Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Zurich 1993. ISBN 978-3-858-2340-2-5 , 246 pages, pp. 71, 139 ff. And especially 149 ff., 212.
  • Andres Furger: Through Switzerland in a carriage - driving culture and carriage construction around 1900 . Verlag Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Zurich 2006. ISBN 978-3-038-2322-2-3 , 288 pages, pp. 95 and 257 ff., Esp. 259 ff.
  • Robert Sallmann: Ulrich Höhener - carriage builder in St. Gallen - drawings and plans of carriages . 2010.

Web links

Commons : Carrosserie U. Höhener's Erben  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Andres Furger: In a carriage through Switzerland - driving culture and carriage construction around 1900 . Verlag Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Zurich 2006. ISBN 978-3-038-2322-2-3 , p. 95.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Ferdinand Hediger: Swiss Carrossiers - From the Beginnings to 1970 . Swiss Classics Publishing, Bäch SZ, Switzerland. 1st edition 2013. ISBN 978-3-952-4171-0-2 , p. 108.
  3. ↑ a b c Andres Furger: Carriages and sleighs in Switzerland - From chariots to city coupé . Verlag Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Zurich 1993. ISBN 978-3-858-2340-2-5 , p. 150.
  4. ↑ Stephan Musfeld (ed.) / Niklaus Starck (author): The Swiss Carrossiers . Catalog for the special exhibition in the Pantheon Basel, forum for oldtimers from October 27, 2013 - April 6, 2014. Editions Pantheon Basel, Muttenz, Switzerland 2013. ISBN 978-3-952-3682-8-2 , pp. 80 and 88 ( as PDF file available on the pantheonbasel.ch web portal , size: 28.8 MB, accessed on September 30, 2018).
  5. ^ Andres Furger: Carriages and sleighs in Switzerland - From the chariot to the city coupe . Verlag Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Zurich 1993. ISBN 978-3-858-2340-2-5 , pp. 139 ff., 149 ff.
  6. ^ Andres Furger: Carriages and sleighs in Switzerland - From the chariot to the city coupe . Verlag Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Zurich 1993. ISBN 978-3-858-2340-2-5 , pp. 149 f.
  7. ^ Andres Furger: Carriages and sleighs in Switzerland - From the chariot to the city coupe . Verlag Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Zurich 1993. ISBN 978-3-858-2340-2-5 , p. 150.
  8. ^ Andres Furger: Carriages and sleighs in Switzerland - From the chariot to the city coupe . Verlag Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Zurich 1993. ISBN 978-3-858-2340-2-5 , p. 149.
  9. ↑ Andres Furger: In a carriage through Switzerland - driving culture and carriage construction around 1900 . Verlag Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Zurich 2006. ISBN 978-3-038-2322-2-3 , p. 257.
  10. ↑ a b c d e Letter from U. Höhener's heirs from September 6, 1933 in the online archive catalog of the St. Gallen State Archives ; Collection of documents, call number ZMH 64/238 , accessed on September 30, 2018.
  11. ^ Robert Sallmann: Ulrich Höhener - carriage builder in St. Gallen - drawings and plans of carriages . 2010.
  12. ↑ a b c The body construction company U. Höhener's Erben on the swisscarregister.ch web portal , accessed on August 7, 2018.
  13. ↑ a b c Stephan Musfeld (ed.) / Niklaus Starck (author): Die Schweizer Carrossiers . Catalog for the special exhibition in the Pantheon Basel, forum for oldtimers from October 27, 2013 - April 6, 2014. Editions Pantheon Basel, Muttenz, Switzerland 2013. ISBN 978-3-952-3682-8-2 , p. 80 ( as PDF File available on the pantheonbasel.ch web portal , size: 28.8 MB, accessed on September 30, 2018).
  14. ↑ a b c The body construction company U. Höhener's Erben on the web portal jacques-leretrait.blogspot.com , accessed on September 30, 2018 (French).
  15. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Ferdinand Hediger: Schweizer Carrossiers - From the beginnings to 1970 . Swiss Classics Publishing, Bäch SZ, Switzerland. 1st edition 2013. ISBN 978-3-952-4171-0-2 , p. 109.
  16. ↑ a b Overview of the body shop company Höhener on the web portal coachbuild.com , accessed on September 30, 2018 (English / German).
  17. ↑ Stephan Musfeld (ed.) / Niklaus Starck (author): The Swiss Carrossiers . Catalog for the special exhibition in the Pantheon Basel, forum for oldtimers from October 27, 2013 - April 6, 2014. Editions Pantheon Basel, Muttenz, Switzerland 2013. ISBN 978-3-952-3682-8-2 , p. 109 ( as PDF File available on the pantheonbasel.ch web portal , size: 28.8 MB, accessed on September 30, 2018).
  18. ↑ a b c d e f g h Ferdinand Hediger: Schweizer Carrossiers - From the beginnings to 1970 . Swiss Classics Publishing, Bäch SZ, Switzerland. 1st edition 2013. ISBN 978-3-952-4171-0-2 , p. 110.
  19. ↑ a b c d e Ferdinand Hediger: Swiss Carrossiers - From the Beginnings to 1970 . Swiss Classics Publishing, Bäch SZ, Switzerland. 1st edition 2013. ISBN 978-3-952-4171-0-2 , p. 112.
  20. ↑ a b c Stephan Musfeld (ed.) / Niklaus Starck (author): Die Schweizer Carrossiers . Catalog for the special exhibition in the Pantheon Basel, forum for oldtimers from October 27, 2013 - April 6, 2014. Editions Pantheon Basel, Muttenz, Switzerland 2013. ISBN 978-3-952-3682-8-2 , p. 81 ( as PDF File available on the pantheonbasel.ch web portal , size: 28.8 MB, accessed on September 30, 2018).
  21. ^ Letter from U. Höhener's heirs from March 19, 1945 in the online archive catalog of the St. Gallen State Archives ; Collection of documents, call number ZMH 64 / 238a , accessed on September 30, 2018.
  22. ^ Letter from U. Höhener's heirs from January 31, 1971 in the online archive catalog of the St. Gallen State Archives ; Collection of documents, call number ZMH 64 / 238c , accessed on September 30, 2018.
  23. ^ Automobil Revue (magazine), No. 2 of June 1, 1936, p. 29.
  24. ↑ NN: Montage Suisse Automobile. Catalog for the special exhibition "75 Years of General Motors Suisse SA" . Swiss Car Register, Montage Suisse section. 2009, p. 8.
  25. ↑ Online catalog for the special exhibition “75 Years of General Motors Suisse SA” , accessed on October 3, 2018 (pdf).
  26. ^ The Saurer V2C truck from 1957 restored by Höhener on behalf of Bauberger , accessed on October 3, 2018.
  27. ↑ Jürg Aeschlimann, Hans Waldburger: St. Gallen – Speicher – Trogen tram - from the tram to the S 12 . Volume 13 of Existing Railways . Prellbock Druck & Verlag, Leissigen 2003, ISBN 978-3-907-5792-4-4 , 224 pages, p. 130 ff.
  28. ↑ Citroën 10CV Coupé from approx. 1925 car body by Höhener's heirs on the web portal coachbuild.com , accessed on September 30, 2018 (English).
  29. ^ Automobil Revue (magazine), No. 2 of February 1, 1928, p. 99.
  30. ↑ LaSalle Victoria Cabriolet from 1931, car body by Höhener's heirs on the web portal coachbuild.com , accessed on September 30, 2018 (English / German).
  31. ↑ Lancia Lambda limousine from 1929 with a detachable "Balloon" attachment, bodyworked by Höhener's heirs, on the web portal coachbuild.com , accessed on September 30, 2018 (English).
  32. ↑ Stephan Musfeld (ed.) / Niklaus Starck (author): The Swiss Carrossiers . Catalog for the special exhibition in the Pantheon Basel, forum for oldtimers from October 27, 2013 - April 6, 2014. Editions Pantheon Basel, Muttenz, Switzerland 2013. ISBN 978-3-952-3682-8-2 , pp. 80, 82 and 83 (with several photos) (available as a PDF file on the pantheonbasel.ch web portal , size: 28.8 MB, accessed on September 30, 2018).
  33. ↑ Various Martini passenger cars carved by Höhener's heirs, in particular from 1928, 1929 and 1935 on the web portal coachbuild.com , accessed on September 30, 2018 (English).
  34. ^ Ferdinand Hediger: Swiss Carrossiers - From the beginnings to 1970 . Swiss Classics Publishing, Bäch SZ, Switzerland. 1st edition 2013. ISBN 978-3-952-4171-0-2 , p. 111.
  35. ^ Automobil Revue (magazine), No. 7 of September 1, 1929, p. 5 (only for the vehicle from 1929).
  36. ^ Automobil Revue (magazine), No. 2 of February 1, 1928, p. 100.
  37. ↑ From Höhener's heirs body-shelled Minerva touring cars from the late 1920s on the coachbuild.com web portal , accessed on September 30, 2018 (English).
  38. ↑ Oldsmobile chauffeur limousine car body by Höhener's heirs from 1934 on the web portal coachbuild.com , accessed on September 30, 2018 (English).
  39. ↑ Opel Phaeton car body carved by Höhener's heirs from 1924 on the web portal coachbuild.com , accessed on September 30, 2018 (English).
  40. ↑ Peugeot 402/203 Götti car body carved by Höhener's heirs from the 1950s on the coachbuild.com web portal , accessed on September 30, 2018 (English).
  41. ↑ The Peugeot 402/203 Götti built by Höhener as a finished model on a scale of 1:43 , accessed on October 3, 2018.
  42. ↑ Pic-Pic-Tourer car body from Höhener's heirs from around 1920 on the coachbuild.com web portal , accessed on September 30, 2018 (English).
  43. ↑ Automobiles built by Höhener's heirs based on Renault passenger cars on the coachbuild.com web portal , accessed on September 30, 2018 (English).