Registered partnership

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Legal situation for same-sex couples
homosexuality legal:
  • Same sex marriages
  • Other forms of same-sex partnerships
  • Recognition of same-sex marriages (concluded at home or abroad)
  • No recognition of same-sex partnerships
  • Restriction of freedom of expression and assembly
    • Homosexuality illegal:
  • De jure punishable, de facto no prosecution
  • Sensitive penalties
  • (Prison for life
  • death penalty

    • A registered partnership (English civil union ) is a legal institution for couples. In some states, it establishes its own civil status and thus represents a separate legal institution alongside (traditionally different-sex) marriage .

    In many countries where marriage has been opened to same-sex couples , marriage has been preceded by the introduction of registered partnerships. Depending on the region or country in which couples can establish registered partnerships, these are either different or completely identical in comparison to marriage.

    Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and the Federal Republic of Germany have changed their partnership laws at the same time as the opening of marriage to same-sex couples so that the partnership registers are closed to new entries. However, existing registered partnerships will continue to be recognized as such and can be converted into marriage if desired.

    Registered partnerships worldwide (in force)

    Country designation same sex opposite sex
    AndorraAndorra Andorra
    • unió civil
    		 yes
    (since December 25, 2014)     		No
    • unió estable de parella
    		 yes
    (since March 23, 2005)     		yes
    (since March 23, 2005)
    AngolaAngola Angola
    • união de facto
    		 No yes
    (since January 30, 2015)
    ArgentinaArgentina Argentina
    • unión convivencial
    		 yes
    (since August 1, 2015)     		yes
    (since August 1, 2015)
    - Buenos Aires
    • unión civil
    		 yes
    (since July 2003)     		yes
    (since July 2003)
    AustraliaAustralia Australia
    - Australian Capital Territory
    • civil partnership
    		 yes
    (since May 19, 2008)     		yes
    (since May 19, 2008)
    • civil union
    		 yes
    (since September 11, 2012)     		No
    - New South Wales
    • registered relationship
    		 yes
    (since July 1, 2010)     		yes
    (since July 1, 2010)
    - Queensland
    • civil partnership
    		 yes
    (since February 23, 2012)     		yes
    (since February 23, 2012)
    - Tasmania
    • caring relationship
    		 yes
    (since January 1, 2004)     		yes
    (since January 1, 2004)
    • significant relationship
    		 yes
    (since January 1, 2004)     		yes
    (since January 1, 2004)
    - Victoria
    • registered caring relationship
    		 yes
    (since June 11, 2009)     		yes
    (since June 11, 2009)
    • registered domestic relationship
    		 yes
    (since December 1, 2008)     		yes
    (since December 1, 2008)
    BelgiumBelgium Belgium yes
    (since January 1, 2000)     		yes
    (since January 1, 2000)
    BoliviaBolivia Bolivia
    • unión libre
    		 No yes
    (since August 6, 2015)
    BrazilBrazil Brazil
    • união estável
    		 yes
    (since 2011)     		yes
    (since 2003)
    Cape VerdeCape Verde Cabo Verde
    • união de facto
    		 No yes
    (since 1997)
    ChileChile Chile
    • acuerdo de unión civil
    		 yes
    (since October 22, 2015)     		yes
    (since October 22, 2015)
    GermanyGermany Germany yes
    (since August 1, 2001; no new foundations possible from October 1, 2017)     		No
    EcuadorEcuador Ecuador
    • unión de hecho
    		 yes
    (since September 15, 2014)     		yes
    (since September 15, 2014)
    El SalvadorEl Salvador El Salvador
    • unión no matrimonial
    		 No yes
    (since October 1, 1994)
    FinlandFinland Finland
    • registrerat partnerskap
    • rekisteröity parisuhde
    		 yes
    (since March 1, 2002)     		No
    FranceFrance France yes
    (since November 16, 1999)     		yes
    (since November 16, 1999)
    - Mayotte
    • pacte civil de solidarité
    		 yes
    (since January 1, 2007)     		yes
    (since January 1, 2007)
    - New Caledonia
    - Wallis and Futuna
    • pacte civil de solidarité
    		 yes
    (since May 28, 2009)     		yes
    (since May 28, 2009)
    GreeceGreece Greece
    • σύμφωνο συμβίωσης
    		 yes
    (since December 24, 2015)     		yes
    (since November 26, 2008)
    GuatemalaGuatemala Guatemala
    • unión de hecho
    		 No yes
    (since July 1, 1964)
    HondurasHonduras Honduras
    • unión de hecho
    		 No yes
    (since 2004)
    IcelandIceland Iceland
    • óvígð sambúð
    		 yes
    (since June 27, 2006)     		yes
    (since January 1, 1991)
    IsraelIsrael Israel
    • ברית זוגיות
    • عقد مزاوجة
    		 No yes
    (since September 22, 2010)
    ItalyItaly Italy
    • contratto di convivenza
    		 yes
    (since June 5, 2016)     		yes
    (since June 5, 2016)
    • unione civile
    • registered partnership
    		 yes
    (since June 5, 2016)     		No
    CanadaCanada Canada
    - Manitoba
    • common-law relationship
    • union de fait
    		 yes
    (since June 30, 2004)     		yes
    (since June 30, 2004)
    - Nova Scotia
    • domestic partnership
    		 yes
    (since June 4, 2001)     		yes
    (since June 4, 2001)
    - Québec
    • civil union
    • union civile
    		 yes
    (since June 24, 2002)     		yes
    (since June 24, 2002)
    ColombiaColombia Colombia
    • unión marital de hecho
    		 yes
    (since 2007)     		yes
    (since December 31, 1990)
    CroatiaCroatia Croatia
    • životno partnerstvo
    		 yes
    (since August 5, 2014)     		No
    LiechtensteinLiechtenstein Liechtenstein
    • registered partnership
    		 yes
    (since September 1, 2011)     		No
    LuxembourgLuxembourg Luxembourg
    • registered partnership
    • partenariat enregistré
    		 yes
    (since November 1, 2004)     		yes
    (since November 1, 2004)
    MaltaMalta Malta
    • civil union
    • unjoni ċivili
    		 yes
    (since April 17, 2014)     		yes
    (since April 17, 2014)
    MexicoMexico Mexico
    - Federal District
    • concubinato
    		 yes
    (since November 1, 2014)     		yes
    (since November 1, 2014)
    • sociedad de convivencia
    		 yes
    (since March 17, 2007)     		yes
    (since March 17, 2007)
    - Campeche
    • sociedad civil de convivencia
    		 yes
    (since July 1, 2014)     		yes
    (since July 1, 2014)
    - Coahuila de Zaragoza
    • pacto civil de solidaridad
    		 yes
    (since January 12, 2007)     		yes
    (since January 12, 2007)
    - Hidalgo
    • concubinato
    		 No yes
    (since 2007)
    - Michoacan de Ocampo
    • sociedad de convivencia
    		 yes
    (since November 30, 2015)     		yes
    (since June 23, 2016)
    - Sinaloa
    • concubinato
    		 No yes
    (since April 29, 2013)
    MonacoMonaco Monaco .
    • Contrat de vie commune
    		 yes
    (since July 1, 2020)     		yes
    (since July 1, 2030)
    MontenegroMontenegro Montenegro
    		yes
    (since July 1, 2020)     		No
    New ZealandNew Zealand New Zealand
    - New Zealand
    • civil union
    		 yes
    (since April 26, 2005)     		yes
    (since April 26, 2005)
    NicaraguaNicaragua Nicaragua
    • unión de hecho estable
    		 No yes
    (since April 8, 2015)
    NetherlandsNetherlands Netherlands
    - European Netherlands
    • registered partner
    		 yes
    (since January 1, 1998)     		yes
    (since January 1, 1998)
    - Caribbean Netherlands
    • registered partner
    		 yes
    (since October 10, 2012)     		yes
    (since October 10, 2012)
    AustriaAustria Austria yes
    (since January 1, 2010)     		yes
    (since January 1, 2019)
    ParaguayParaguay Paraguay
    • unión de hecho
    		 No yes
    (since 1992)
    PeruPeru Peru
    • unión de hecho
    		 No yes
    (since April 18, 2013)
    PolandPoland Poland
    • concubinate
    		 yes
    (2012)     		yes
    (1997)
    San MarinoSan Marino San Marino
    • unione civile
    		 Yes Yes
    Sao Tome and PrincipeSao Tome and Principe Sao Tome and Principe
    • união de facto
    		 No yes
    (since September 28, 1977)
    SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland yes
    (since January 1, 2007)     		No
    SloveniaSlovenia Slovenia
    • partnerska zveza
    		 yes
    (from February 24, 2017)     		No
    • registrirana istospolna partnerska skupnost
    		 yes
    (since July 23, 2006)     		No
    SpainSpain Spain
    - Andalusia
    • pareja de hecho
    		 yes
    (since December 29, 2002)     		yes
    (since December 29, 2002)
    - Aragon
    • pareja estable no casada
    		 yes
    (since April 21, 1999)     		yes
    (since April 21, 1999)
    - Asturias
    • pareja estable
    		 yes
    (since June 1, 2002)     		yes
    (since June 1, 2002)
    - Balearic Islands
    • pareja estable
    		 yes
    (since January 29, 2002)     		yes
    (since January 29, 2002)
    - Basque Country
    • pareja de hecho
    		 yes
    (since May 24, 2003)     		yes
    (since May 24, 2003)
    - Ceuta
    • unión de hecho
    		 yes
    (since 1998)     		yes
    (since 1998)
    - Extremadura
    • pareja de hecho
    		 yes
    (since April 9, 2003)     		yes
    (since April 9, 2003)
    - Galicia
    • pareja de hecho
    		 yes
    (since 2007)     		yes
    (since 2007)
    - Canaries
    • pareja de hecho
    		 yes
    (since March 20, 2003)     		yes
    (since March 20, 2003)
    - Cantabria
    • pareja de hecho
    		 yes
    (since May 25, 2005)     		yes
    (since May 25, 2005)
    - Castile-La Mancha
    • pareja de hecho
    		 yes
    (since September 14, 2000)     		yes
    (since September 14, 2000)
    - Castile and León
    • unión de hecho
    		 yes
    (since 2003)     		yes
    (since 2003)
    - Catalonia
    • unió estable de parella
    		 yes
    (since 1998)     		yes
    (since 1998)
    - La Rioja
    • pareja de hecho
    		 Yes Yes
    - Madrid
    • unión de hecho
    		 yes
    (since January 4, 2002)     		yes
    (since January 4, 2002)
    - Melilla
    • pareja de hecho
    		 yes
    (since February 1, 2008)     		yes
    (since February 1, 2008)
    - Murcia
    • unión de hecho
    		 Yes Yes
    - Navarre
    • pareja estable
    		 yes
    (since 2000)     		yes
    (since 2000)
    - Valencian Community
    • unión de hecho formalizada
    		 yes
    (since November 18, 2012)     		yes
    (since November 18, 2012)
    South AfricaSouth Africa South Africa
    • civil partnership
    		 yes
    (since November 30, 2006)     		yes
    (since November 30, 2006)
    Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
    • registrované partnerství
    		 yes
    (since July 1, 2006)     		No
    HungaryHungary Hungary
    • bejegyzett élettársi kapcsolat
    		 yes
    (since July 1, 2009)     		No
    • nyilvántartott élettársi kapcsolat
    		 yes
    (since January 1, 2010)     		yes
    (since January 1, 2010)
    UruguayUruguay Uruguay
    • unión concubinaria
    		 yes
    (since January 1, 2008)     		yes
    (since January 1, 2008)
    VenezuelaVenezuela Venezuela
    • unión estable de hecho
    		 No yes
    (since March 15, 2010)
    United KingdomUnited Kingdom United Kingdom
    - England and Wales
    • civil partnership
    		 yes
    (since December 5, 2005)     		yes
    (since December 2, 2019)
    - Gibraltar
    • civil partnership
    		 yes
    (since March 28, 2014)     		yes
    (since March 28, 2014)
    - Isle of Man
    • civil partnership
    		 yes
    (since April 6, 2011)     		yes
    (since July 22, 2016)
    - Jersey
    • civil partnership
    		 yes
    (since April 2, 2012)     		No
    - Northern Ireland
    • civil partnership
    		 yes
    (since December 5, 2005)     		No
    - Scotland
    • civil partnership
    		 yes
    (since December 5, 2005)     		No
    United StatesUnited States United States
    - Federal District
    • domestic partnership
    		 yes
    (since 2002)     		yes
    (since 2002)
    - Colorado
    • civil union
    		 yes
    (since May 1, 2013)     		yes
    (since May 1, 2013)
    • designated beneficiary agreement
    		 yes
    (since July 1, 2009)     		yes
    (since July 1, 2009)
    - Hawaii
    • civil union
    		 yes
    (since January 1, 2012)     		yes
    (since January 1, 2012)
    • reciprocal beneficiary relationship
    		 yes
    (since July 8, 1997)     		yes
    (since July 8, 1997)
    - Illinois
    • civil union
    		 yes
    (since June 1, 2011)     		yes
    (since June 1, 2011)
    - California
    • domestic partnership
    		 yes
    (since 1999)     		yes
    (since 1999)
    - Maine
    • domestic partnership
    		 yes
    (since July 30, 2004)     		yes
    (since July 30, 2004)
    - Nevada
    • domestic partnership
    		 yes
    (since October 1, 2009)     		yes
    (since October 1, 2009)
    - New Jersey
    • civil union
    		 yes
    (since February 19, 2007)     		No
    • domestic partnership
    		 yes
    (since July 10, 2004)     		yes
    (since July 10, 2004)
    - Oregon
    • domestic partnership
    		 yes
    (since February 1, 2008)     		No
    - Washington
    • domestic partnership
    		 yes
    (since July 22, 2007)     		yes
    (since July 22, 2007)
    - Wisconsin
    • domestic partnership
    		 yes
    (since August 3, 2009)     		No
    Cyprus RepublicRepublic of Cyprus Cyprus
    • πολιτική συμβίωση
    • medeni birliktelik
    		 yes
    (since December 9, 2015)     		yes
    (since December 9, 2015)

    Registered partnerships worldwide (canceled)

    Country designation same sex opposite sex
    DenmarkDenmark Denmark
    - Denmark
    • registreret partnerskab
    		 partly
    (October 1, 1989 - June 15, 2012)     		No
    - Greenland
    • nalunaarsukkamik inooqatigiinneq
    • registreret partnerskab
    		 partly
    (July 1, 1996 - April 1, 2016)     		No
    IrelandIreland Ireland
    • civil partnership
    • páirtnéireacht shibhialta
    		 partly
    (January 1, 2011 - November 16, 2015)     		No
    IcelandIceland Iceland
    • staðfesta samvist
    		 partly
    (June 27, 1996 - June 27, 2010)     		No
    MexicoMexico Mexico
    - Colima
    • enlace conyugal
    		 partly
    (August 11, 2013 - June 12, 2016)     		No
    NorwayNorway Norway
    • registers partnerskap
    		 partly
    (August 1, 1993 - January 1, 2009)     		No
    SwedenSweden Sweden
    • registrerat partnerskap
    		 partly
    (January 1, 1995 - May 1, 2009)     		No
    United StatesUnited States United States
    - Connecticut
    • civil union
    		 partly
    (October 1, 2005 - October 1, 2010)     		No
    - Delaware
    • civil union
    		 partly
    (January 1, 2012 - July 1, 2013)     		No
    - New Hampshire
    • civil union
    		 partly
    (January 1, 2008 - January 1, 2010)     		No
    - Rhode Island
    • civil union
    		 partly
    (July 1, 2011 - August 1, 2013)     		No
    - Vermont
    • civil union
    		 partly
    (July 1, 2000 - September 1, 2009)     		No

    Criticism of the legal institution

    Comparison of the racial segregation of whites and blacks with the segregation of heterosexuals and homosexuals through marriage and registered partnership

    The criticism of the legal recognition of same-sex partnerships through registered partnerships is essentially aimed at continuing to treat people differently based on their sexual identity . H. to be assigned to different legal institutions , namely marriage (for heterosexuals ) and registered partnership (for homosexuals ). This unequal treatment is a symbolic discrimination against homosexual people and also unnecessary because it does not benefit anyone. In addition, the symbolic discrimination by two different legal institutions in the countries in which the registered partnership has fewer rights than marriage with the same obligations, is accompanied by concrete discrimination.

    Some critics are of the opinion that the legal unequal treatment of heterosexual and homosexual couples in marriage and partnership law is even a violation of the principle of equality in the respective constitution of the respective country. Quite a few of these critics see the unequal legal treatment of heterosexual and homosexual couples as a violation of Article 1 of human rights .

    The fact that in some countries heterosexual couples and homosexual couples can only avail themselves of different legal institutions is often compared to the racial segregation of whites and blacks. Just as the racial segregation of whites and blacks was a symbolic devaluation of people with dark skin, the segregation of heterosexual and homosexual couples through marriage and registered partnership was a symbolic devaluation of homosexual people. In addition, racial segregation and the segregation of heterosexual and homosexual people have the same structure, namely unequal treatment based on characteristics (skin color, sexual identity) that no human could choose.

    The exclusion of same-sex, registered partners from the full right of adoption has also been heavily criticized, as studies have shown that children do not grow up worse with same-sex couples than with different-sex couples.

    One criticism of registered partnerships compares the exclusion of same-sex couples from the right to marry with the former exclusion of interracial couples from the right to marry in the USA.

    Some critics of the legal unequal treatment of different-sex and same-sex couples are of the opinion that the registered partnership in Germany is again a derogatory special regulation for homosexuals since the abolition of paragraph 175 .

    Heterosexual couples and the registered partnership

    The Civil Solidarity Pact , also known as PACS, has existed in France since 1999 , a registered civil partnership for same-sex and mixed-sex couples. In France, the PACS is very popular, especially among heterosexual couples, 96 out of 100 PACS couples are heterosexual.

    It is controversial whether the model can even be transferred to Germany. Because marriage and the family are under special protection in the German legal system and the question arises as to whether "marriage light" is compatible with the Basic Law.

    Helga Ratzenböck and Martin Seydl from Austria have been campaigning for registered civil partnerships in Austria for years, they wanted to partner and are not allowed to do so. Although they failed before the European Court of Human Rights, they were successful with their complaint of discrimination on account of their sexuality before the Austrian Constitutional Court . According to the ruling of the Constitutional Court, both marriage and registered partnership were opened to both homosexuals and heterosexuals.

    In Switzerland people are thinking nationwide about a PACS based on the French model. In 2017, Federal Councilor Simonetta Sommaruga dealt with this question together with experts at the University of Bern. This can already be done in some cantons (Geneva and Neuchâtel). Here the cantonal PACS is available to both opposite-sex and same-sex couples. Its effects are limited to cantonal law. On the other hand, the cantonal PACS has no effect on marital status and succession, which are regulated by federal law.

    In many European countries, it is possible to officially live together without being married. Among others in Belgium, Finland, Iceland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Scotland.

    In 2018 Theresa May announced that she would open the "Civil Partnership" for heterosexual couples in England.

    See also

    Individual evidence

    This article or section needs revision: WP: Web format .
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    1. ↑ Llei 34/2014, del 27 de novembre, qualificada de les unions civils i de modificació de la Llei qualificada del matrimoni, de 30 de juny de 1995. (PDF)
    2. ↑ Llei 4/2005> qualificada de les unions estables de parella. (PDF)
    3. ↑ Decree n.º 36/15 Presidencial. ( Memento from September 25, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
    4. ↑ Ley 26.994 CODIGO CIVIL Y COMERCIAL DE LA NACION.
    5. ↑ LEY N ° 1004. ( Memento of October 4, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
    6. ↑ Civil Unions Act 2012. (PDF)
    7. ↑ Relationships Register Act 2010. (PDF)
    8. ↑ Relationships (Civil Partnerships) and Other Acts Amendment Act 2015 (PDF)
    9. ^ Relationships Act 2003.
    10. ^ Relationships Act 2008.
    11. ^ Relationships Amendment (Caring Relationships) Act 2009
    12. ↑ Law on the introduction of legal cohabitation. (PDF)
    13. ↑ LEY N ° 603. (PDF)
    14. ↑ LEI N ° 10.406, DE 10 DE JANEIRO DE 2002.
    15. ↑ AÇÃO DIRETA DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDADE: ADI 4277 DF.
    16. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento from November 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
    17. ↑ Ley 20830 CREA EL ACUERDO DE UNIÓN CIVIL.
    18. ^ Text of the Law on Civil Partnerships
    19. ↑ CONSTITUCIÓN DEL ECUADOR. (PDF)
    20. ↑ LEY REFORMATORIA AL CÓDIGO CIVIL. (PDF)
    21. ↑ DECRETO No. 677. (PDF)
    22. ↑ Lag om registrerat partnerskap.
    23. ↑ Loi n ° 99-944 du 15 novembre 1999 relative au pacte civil de solidarité.
    24. ↑ ΝΟΜΟΣ 3719/2008 - Μεταρρυθμίσεις για την οικογένεια, το παιδί, την κοινωνία και άλλες διατάξεις.
    25. ↑ ΝΟΜΟΣ ΥΠ 'ΑΡΙΘ. 4356 Σύμφωνο συμβίωσης, άσκηση δικαιωμάτων, ποινικές και άλλες διατάξεις
    26. ↑ DECRETO LEY NO. 106. ( Memento of October 14, 2015 in the web archive archive.today )  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / aballiasociados.com  
    27. ↑ Decree No. 62-2004. ( Memento of October 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF)
    28. ↑ Lög um breytingu á lagaákvæðum er varða réttarstöðu samkynhneigðra (sambúð, ættleiðingar, tæknifrjóvgun).
    29. ↑ חוקבריתהזוגיותלחסרידת, התש"ע
    30. ↑ قانون عقد المزاوجة بين عديمي الديانة لسنة ٥٧٧٠ - ٢٠١٠
    31. ↑ LEGGE 20 maggio 2016, n.76 Regolamentazione delle unioni civili tra persone dello stesso sesso e disciplina delle convivenze.
    32. ↑ German designation according to the decree of the Minister of the Interior of March 6, 2017 (attachments) (PDF); ( archived version ( memento of March 12, 2017 in the Internet Archive )).
    33. ↑ THE COMMON-LAW PARTNERS 'PROPERTY AND RELATED AMENDMENTS ACT.
    34. ^ Law Reform (2000) Act.
    35. ^ An Act instituting civil unions and establishing new rules of filiation. (PDF)
    36. ↑ LEY 54 DE 1990.
    37. ↑ SENTENCIA C-075/07.
    38. ↑ Zakon o životnom partnerstvu osoba istog spola.
    39. ^ Act on the registered partnership of same-sex couples (Partnership Act; PartG). (PDF)
    40. ^ Loi du 9 July 2004 relative aux effets légaux de certains partenariats.
    41. ↑ ACT No. IX of 2014.
    42. ↑ LEY DE SOCIEDAD DE CONVIVENCIA PARA EL DISTRITO FEDERAL. (PDF)
    43. ↑ CODIGO CIVIL PARA EL DISTRITO FEDERAL
    44. ↑ LEY REGULATORIA DE SOCIEDADES CIVILES DE CONVIVENCIA DEL ESTADO DE CAMPECHE. ( Memento of October 4, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF)
    45. ↑ CODIGO CIVIL PARA EL ESTADO DE COAHUILA DE ZARAGOZA. (PDF)
    46. ↑ LEY PARA LA FAMILIA DEL ESTADO DE HIDALGO. (PDF)
    47. ↑ CÓDIGO FAMILIAR PARA EL ESTADO DE MICHOACÁN DE OCAMPO ( Memento of October 25, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF)
    48. ↑ DECRETO NÚMERO 742 CÓDIGO FAMILIAR DEL ESTADO DE SINALOA. (PDF)
    49. ^ Monacos Civil Union Bill
    50. ↑ Reuters.com: Montenegro legalises same-sex civil partnerships , July 1, 2020
    51. ^ Civil Union Act 2004.
    52. ↑ ley no.870 - código de familia. ( Memento of October 4, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF)
    53. ↑ Aanpassingswet geregistreerd partnerschap. (Effective date March 21, 2015.)
    54. ↑ Invoeringswet openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba. (Effective date January 1, 2011.)
    55. ↑ Registered partnership law. Entire legal regulation in the current version in the RIS .
    56. ↑ LEY N ° 1/92 DE REFORMA PARCIAL DEL CODIGO CIVIL.
    57. ↑ LEY N ° 30007. (PDF)
    58. ↑ Formalization of legal family formats in Poland (pages 5-6) (PDF)
    59. ↑ Queer.de: San Marino: Parliament decides on civil partnerships
    60. ↑ Lei n ° 2/77 Regula juridicamente as instituições de (PDF)
    61. ^ Federal law on the registered partnership of same-sex couples.
    62. ↑ 2840. Zakon o registraciji istospolne partnerske skupnosti.
    63. ↑ ZAKON O PARTNERSKI ZVEZI (ZPZ)
    64. ↑ LEY5 / 2002, de 16 de diciembre, de Parejas de Hecho. ( Memento from August 16, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF)
    65. ↑ Decreto Legislativo 1/2011, de 22 de marzo, del Gobierno de Aragón, por el que se aprueba, con el título de “Código del Derecho Foral de Aragón”, el Texto Refundido de las Leyes civiles aragonesas.
    66. ↑ LEY4 / 2002, de 23 de mayo, de Parejas Estables. ( Memento of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF)
    67. ↑ Ley 18/2001, de 19 de diciembre, de parejas estables.
    68. ↑ Ley 2/2003, de 7 de mayo, reguladora de las parejas de hecho.
    69. ↑ [1]
    70. ↑ Ley 5/2003, de 20 de marzo, de Parejas de Hecho de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura.
    71. ↑ Ley 10/2007, de 28 de junio, de reforma de la disposición adicional tercera de la Ley 2/2006, de 14 de junio, de derecho civil de Galicia.
    72. ↑ LEY 5/2003, de 6 de marzo, para la regulación de las parejas de hecho en la Comunidad Autónoma de Canarias.
    73. ↑ Ley de Cantabria 1/2005, de 16 de mayo, de Parejas de Hecho de la Comunidad Autónoma de Cantabria. (PDF)
    74. ↑ Decreto 124/2000, de 11 de julio, por el que se regula la creación y el régimen de funcionamiento del Registro de parejas de hecho de la comunidad autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha.
    75. ↑ DECRETO 117/2002, de 24 de octubre, por el que se crea el Registro de Uniones de Hecho en Castilla y León y se regula su funcionamiento. (PDF)
    76. ↑ Llei 10/1998, de 15 de juliol, d'unions estables de parella. ( Memento from October 4, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
    77. ↑ Decreto 30/2010, de 14 de mayo, por el que se crea el Registro de Parejas de Hecho de La Rioja.
    78. ↑ Ley 11/2001, de 19 de diciembre, de Uniones de Hecho de la Comunidad de Madrid.
    79. ↑ REGLAMENTO REGULADOR DEL REGISTRO DE PAREJAS DE HECHO DE LA CIUDAD AUTÓNOMA DE MELILLA. (PDF)
    80. ↑ LEY FORAL 6/2000, DE 3 DE JULIO, PARA LA IGUALDAD JURÍDICA DE LAS PAREJAS ESTABLES.
    81. ↑ LEY 5/2012, de 15 de octubre, de la Generalitat, de Uniones de Hecho Formalizadas de la Comunitat Valenciana.
    82. ^ Civil Union Act, 2006. ( Memento of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF)
    83. ↑ 115/2006 Sb. O registrovaném partnerství ao změně některých souvisejících zákonů.
    84. ↑ 2009. évi XXIX. törvény a bejegyzett élettársi kapcsolatról, az ezzel összeugtgő, valamint az élettársi viszony igazolásának megkönnyítéséhez szükséges egyes törvények módosításáról.
    85. ↑ 2008. évi XLV. törvény az egyes közjegyzői nemperes eljárásokról1
    86. ↑ Ley Nº 18.246 UNIÓN CONCUBINARIA. ( Memento from July 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
    87. ↑ LEY DE REGISTRO CIVIL ORGÁNICA. (PDF)
    88. ^ Civil Partnership Act 2004.
    89. ↑ [2] The Civil Partnership (Opposite-sex Couples) Regulations 2019
    90. ↑ CIVIL PARTNERSHIP ACT 2014. (PDF)
    91. ↑ Civil Partnership Act 2011. (PDF)
    92. ↑ MARRIAGE AND CIVIL PARTNERSHIP (AMENDMENT) BILL 2016 (PDF)
    93. ^ Civil Partnership (Jersey) Law 2012. ( Memento of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
    94. ^ Civil Partnership Act 2004.
    95. ^ Civil Partnership Act 2004.
    96. ^ Colorado Civil Union Act. (PDF)
    97. ↑ COLORADO DESIGNATED BENEFICIARY AGREEMENT ACT. (PDF)
    98. ^ Civil Union Act. (PDF)
    99. ^ Illinois Religious Freedom Protection and Civil Union Act
    100. ↑ CALIFORNIA FAMILY CODE ( Memento from February 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
    101. ↑ [3]
    102. ^ Nevada Domestic Partnership Act. (PDF)
    103. ^ Civil Union Act. (PDF)
    104. ↑ Domestic Partnership. (PDF)
    105. ↑ Domestic Partnership.
    106. ↑ Domestic Partnership.
    107. ↑ ΕΠΙΣΗΜΗ ΕΦΗΜΕΡΙΔΑ ΤΗΣ ΚΥΠΡΙΑΚΗΣ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑΣ ΠΑΡΑΡΤΗΜΑ ΠΡΩΤΟ ΝΟΜΟΘΕΣΙΑ - ΜΕΡΟΣ Ι Αριθμός 4543 Τετάρτη, 9 Δεκεμβρίου 2015: Αριθμός 184 (Ι) του 2015 ΝΟΜΟΣ ΠΟΥ ΠΡΟΝΟΕΙ ΓΙΑ ΤΗ ΣΥΝΑΨΗ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΗΣ ΣΥΜΒΙΩΣΗΣ , pp. 14-32
    108. ↑ Τέθηκε σε ισχύ η πολιτική συμβίωση στην Κύπρο
    109. ↑ Lov om ændring af lov om ægteskabs indgåelse og opløsning, lov om ægteskabets retsvirkninger and retsplejeloven og om ophævelse af lov om registreret partnerskab.
    110. ↑ Anordning om ikrafttræden for Grønland af lov om ændring af lov om ægteskabs indgåelse og opløsning, lov om ægteskabets retsvirkninger and retsplejeloven og om ophævelse af lov om registreret partnerskab
    111. ^ Marriage Act 2015 (PDF)
    112. ↑ Lög um breytingar á hjúskaparlögum og fleiri lögum og um brottfall laga um staðfesta samvist (a hjúskaparlög).
    113. ↑ CODIGO CIVIL PARA EL ESTADO DE COLIMA. (PDF)
    114. ↑ DECRETO No. 103 SE REFORMA LA DENOMINACIÓN DEL NUEVO CÓDIGO CIVIL PARA EL ESTADO DE COLIMA, PARA QUE EN LO SUCESIVO SE DENOMINE CÓDIGO CIVIL PARA EL ESTADO DE COLIMA; ASÍ COMO, DIVERSAS DISPOSICIONES DEL MISMO; IGUALMENTE SE REFORMAN DIVERSAS DISPOSICIONES DEL CÓDIGO DE PROCEDIMIENTOS CIVILES PARA EL ESTADO DE COLIMA
    115. ↑ Lov om endringer i ekteskapsloven, barnelova, adopsjonsloven, bioteknologiloven mv. (Felles ekteskapslov for heterofile and homofile par).
    116. ↑ Lag om upphävande av lagen (1994: 1117) om registrerat partnerskap. (PDF)
    117. ↑ AN ACT IMPLEMENTING THE GUARANTEE OF EQUAL PROTECTION UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE FOR SAME SEX COUPLES
    118. ↑ AN ACT TO AMEND TITLE 13 OF THE DELAWARE CODE RELATING TO DOMESTIC RELATIONS TO PROVIDE FOR SAME-GENDER CIVIL MARRIAGE AND TO CONVERT EXISTING CIVIL UNIONS TO CIVIL MARRIAGES
    119. ↑ 436-FN-LOCAL AN ACT relative to civil marriage and civil unions
    120. ↑ AN ACT RELATING TO DOMESTIC RELATIONS - PERSONS ELIGIBLE TO MARRY
    121. ^ An Act to Protect Religious Freedom and Recognize Equality in Civil Marriage
    122. ↑ See government program 2013 to 2017 ( Memento from September 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) of the SPD , April 15, 2013.
    123. ↑ http://www.queer.de/detail.php?article_id=17678
    124. ↑ http://www.apa.org/topics/lgbt/orientation.pdf
    125. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bIefEZhW8T0
    126. ↑ Evil, perverted and illegitimate. ( Memento of December 10, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) In: Jungle World , July 19, 2000.
    127. ↑ [4]
    128. ↑ https://www.wiwo.de/finanzen/steuern-recht/ehe-light-boomt-welche-rechte-pacs-ausspart/11640316-3.html
    129. ↑ https://www.nachrichten.at/oberoesterreich/Verpartnern-fuer-alle-Uns-faellt-ein-Stein-vom-Herzen;art4,2995874
    130. ↑ https://www.bj.admin.ch/bj/de/home/aktuell/news/2017/ref_2017-06-222.html
    131. ↑ [5]
    132. ↑ https://www.queer.de/detail.php?article_id=32048