Deanery parish church St. Johann in Tirol
The Roman Catholic parish church of St. Johann in Tirol , dedicated to the Assumption of Mary , John the Baptist , John the Evangelist and St. Katharina , is located in the center of St. Johann in Tirol . It is one of the largest and most beautiful baroque churches in the Tyrolean lowlands and is known as the former second cathedral of the Bishops of Chiemsee as the "Leukentaler Dom".
history
The first church in St. Johann in Tirol was built as part of the missionary work of the Bavarians who settled in the Leukental in the 6th and 7th centuries . The patronage of St. John the Baptist, and so there is an indication in the literature that a baptismal church must have existed before 738, from which the name of the place is derived.
When in the years 788/90 the first Salzburg Archbishop Arn mentioned several sacred buildings that belonged to the Archdiocese of Salzburg in a list of properties, the Church of St. Johannes was not mentioned because it was not an archiepiscopal but an aristocratic own church.
In any case, St. Johann is considered to be the original and mother parish of the Leukental, and the parish originally extended over the entire valley from Pass Thurn to Reit im Winkl and across the Pillerseetal. In the 11th century, the large parish of St. Johann was divided and the parish of Kirchdorf was founded for the pastoral care of the northern valley area.
The first documentary mention of a church dedicated to St. John the Baptist, and on January 28, 1216 the parish of St. Johann was first mentioned in writing in the document establishing the Chiemsee diocese .
In the middle of the 14th century, Saint Mary joined the church as patron saint, so that the documents of the following period usually refer to "Our dear women church in St. John's Churches" .
In 1446 the parish of St. Johann was directly subordinated to the Chiemsee Bishop Silvester Pflieger . As a result, the respective incumbent bishop of Chiemsee was automatically pastor of St. Johann in Tirol. However, the bishops always appointed vicars to represent them. St. Johann was a preferred stay for the bishops of Chiemsee. They used the place as a summer residence and carried out their official business from here, so that St. Johann is considered the pastoral residence of the bishops of Chiemsee. The parish church was regarded as the cathedral of the district of the diocese in Tyrol, for which the name “St. Johannes Diöces “ used. The church is therefore still commonly referred to as the Leukental Cathedral .
The parish's importance was further enhanced in 1621 when Bishop Nikolaus von Wolkenstein made St. Johann the seat of the deanery .
Today's deanery parish church was built from 1723 to 1732 after the medieval church had become dilapidated due to flood damage.
In 1786, the Josephinian parish regulation came into force, which included numerous parishes and re-parishes. The area to the right of the Fieberbrunner Ache (Winkl Sonnsteite, Reitham, Mitterndorf, Oberhofen, Niederhofen, Stopfenau) came from the parish of Kirchdorf zu St. Johann.
In 1808 the Chiemsee diocese was abolished as a result of the Napoleonic Wars . The dean's office of St. Johann came first to Freising and then to Brixen, finally in 1817 back to the Archdiocese of Salzburg.
In 1940 the parish of Oberndorf in Tyrol was founded and thus separated from St. Johann.
Today's construction
The parish church of St. Johann in Tirol is one of the largest churches in the Tyrolean lowlands. It is 48 meters long and 22 meters wide. The height of the church towers is 41 meters at the top of the cross.
In 1725 the medieval church that was located on the site of today's post office was demolished. Floods had caused severe damage and the church was also becoming too small for the rapidly growing population. As early as 1723 the dean Jodok Adrian Helman had a plan drawn up according to which a parish church was to be rebuilt in a flood-protected area. For this he undertook the from Bayern originating builder Abraham Millauer . Construction began in autumn 1723 - initially without the approval of the Bishop of Chiemsee, which was later obtained. The building was completed in 1732. In the spring of the same year, the church was consecrated by the Chiemsee Prince-Bishop Joseph Franz Valerian von Arco .
The church was built as a four-bay wall pillar church with a retracted choir . The architecture is in the early Baroque style and shows a simple triangular gable between two massive towers with curved domes on the main facade. The main cornice is curved. In the niches of the central axis are the high baroque figures of St. John the Evangelist and the Crescent Madonna by the Kitzbühel sculptor Josef Martin Lengauer . In the towers Peter and Paul by Benedikt Faistenberger . The portal made of Untersberg marble by Georg Doppler from Salzburg is flanked by two columns and shows a relief of St. John the Baptist. The windows of the main facade and the towers are round-arched or designed as ox eyes , the nave walls are structured by segmented arched windows and pilasters. To the north and south of the choir, two sacristies with crooked roofs are attached.
Frescoes and stucco
The interior of the church with its uniform and rich furnishings represents the beginning of the high baroque in the Tyrolean lowlands. The six ceiling paintings are by Simon Benedikt Faistenberger from the year 1727 and point from the portal towards the altar: King David composing the psalms (mostly from the Organ covered), the admission of the penitent Mary Magdalene into heaven, the evangelist John writing the gospel, the baptism of Jesus in the Jordan by John the Baptist , a false dome with columns rotunda and holy spirit hole and the coronation of Mary . These frescoes are each surrounded by four medallions in grisaille painting , which show episodes from the life of the saints depicted. The stucco was designed by Gabriel Zöpf and Georg Edl from Wessobrunn with leaves and ribbon as well as shells, latticework and plant garlands.
Altars
The baroque high altar was designed in stucco marble by Anton Gigl with inclined columns and heavily cranked entablature and takes up a large part of the apse. The figures of Peter and Paul by Josef Martin Lengauer stand between the columns . The high altar sheet, rich in figures, shows a representation of the Assumption of Mary , on the lower edge Saints Barbara , Catherine , John the Baptist and John the Evangelist are depicted. The model for this painting was Titian's monumental image of the Assumption from the Church of Santa Maria dei Frari in Venice . The high altar picture, as well as all the pictures on the side altars, come from the Prince Archbishop of Salzburg's court painter Jacob Zanusi .
The church has four side altars made of Untersberg marble . The left choir altar shows Johannes von Nepomuk and in the extract picture St. Martin , the altar opposite is St. Dedicated to Francis , on the extract is St. Notburga shown. The front left side altar was a foundation of the Rosary Brotherhood , which organized Passion Play in St. Johann in the 17th and 18th centuries . The altarpiece shows St. Dominic to whom Mary presents the rosary . On the extract is St. Joseph depicted. The right side altar was a foundation of the miners who worked in the mine at the nearby Rerobichl near Oberndorf . The altar sheet shows St. Maria Magdalena and above her the miner's patron Barbara , on the extract you can see another miner , the prophet Daniel .
There is a Gothic statue on the mine altar. It depicts a seated Madonna and Child and was created around 1450 in the context of the master of Seeon . This figure was probably already placed on the altar of the old church.
Further equipment
On the left wall of the nave there is a pulpit by Anton Gigl made of stucco marble with putti , cartouches and plant decorations. The pulpit cross, which is held by a carved arm over the parapet of the pulpit cage, is striking.
A painting with a splendid rococo frame hangs on the pillar in front of it . It is by Jacob Zanusi and shows St. Aloisius von Gonzaga . On the opposite pillar there is a painting in a rich baroque frame. It is also from Zanusi and shows how St. Anna teaches her daughter Maria to read .
On the parapet of the first gallery there are gilded wooden statues of the 12 apostles by Joseph Haid .
During the Holy Week and Easter holidays , the monumental Easter grave has been erected again since 2007, which takes up the entire width of the sanctuary and is 11 meters high. It was created in 1832 by Josef Arnold the Elder and its architectural structure shows classicist forms, while the figures still have baroque elements.
organ
The organ, built in 1985, comes from the Reinisch-Pirchner company from Steinach am Brenner . The prospectus was taken from the old organ from 1858. It has 25 registers distributed over two manuals and a pedal .
Bells
The chimes of the parish church of St. Johann in Tirol consist of five ringable bells. The big bell is one of the most beautiful big bells in the Tyrolean region. It is tuned to tone a 0 and was cast by Wolfgang Bartlmä Grassmayr in Oetz in 1773 . She survived both world wars. According to one story, it was a difficult undertaking to lift the bell, which was almost disproportionately cast for the tower, out of the sound windows. The diameter (180 cm) exceeded the width of the sound window. An instability of the bell house with the bell dome on top was feared due to the breaking of a sound window, so the bell was left in the tower. It thus escaped the use of war purposes in two ways. All other bells had to be removed in the world wars.
During the First World War in 1916 two bells were delivered for war purposes. The twelve (Maria Magadalena) dates from 1453, the eleven was cast in 1711. In 1923 the church received four new bells. They were cast by the Friedrich Hamm foundry and sounded in the tones c sharp 1 –e 1 –f sharp 1 –a 1 . Their total weight was about 4,000 kg. In the 1940s, these too had to be removed for war purposes. It was not until 1948 that four bells were purchased again, this time from the Oberascher bell foundry in Salzburg . The bells sound in the notes c 1 –e 1 –g 1 –a 1 . In 2010 a new clapper was built into the big bell . The work was taken over by the Grassmayr bell foundry . As a result of a calculation error, a clapper that was too heavy (weighing 400 kg) was initially delivered and installed and was only replaced by a new, lighter one after a six-month delay.
All bells have a clapper . The Oberascher bells are made of a special alloy.
| No. | Surname | Casting year |
Foundry, casting location |
Diameter (mm) |
Weight (kg) |
Nominal ( HT - 1 ⁄ 16 ) |
inscription |
| 1 | Mary and weather bell | 1773 |
Grassmayr , Ötz |
1800 | 3,800 | a 0 +0 | Above: "ECCE CRUCEM DOMINE FUGITE PARTES ADVERSAE VICIT LEO DE TRIBV JVDA ALLELVIA MDCCLXXIII" below: "THROUGH THE FIRE I HAVE FLOWED IN GLORY OF GOD BARTLME GRASMAIR IN OETZTHALL GOSSEN ANNO after the bell was not for WWII MDCCLXXIII" could be delivered, written with chalk on the bell: "Maria Anna is hot, all the weather knows, all the weather is driving away and to St. Johann I stay" |
| 2 | Sacred Heart Bell | 1948 |
Oberascher , Salzburg |
1560 | 2.007 | c 1 +2 | "My song sounds to the heart of Jesus, my mourning chorale sounds to the dead - To the warrior who goes happily home, be cheering greetings" |
| 3 | John the Baptist Bell | 1240 | 1,041 | e 1 +0 | "St. John in penance, protect our homeland " | ||
| 4th | Florian and Leonhard bells | 1040 | 618 | g 1 +0 | "St. Florian with a mighty hand, save us from fire blight " | ||
| 5 | Joseph and Barbara Bell (Death Bell) | 920 | 439 | a 1 +0 | "As the death of the valley, the brazen mouth will ring us once the hour of death - St. Joseph and Barbara in the association, intercede for us all." |
Web links
- Interior shot of the great bell from 1773 on YouTube
- Interior shot of the four small bells from 1948 on Youtube
- Exterior shot of the big bell and full bells on Youtube
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d St. Johann in Tirol - 800 years and yet older, in: Zwischen Kaiser, Kalkstein und Horn, Heimatkundliche Schriftenreihe des Museums- und Kulturverein St. Johann in Tirol, issue no.23 , 2015 archive link ( Memento from 30 March 2017 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ The Chiemsee diocese was dissolved 200 years ago, in: Between Kaiser, Kalkstein und Horn, Heimatkundliche Schriftenreihe des Museums- und Kulturverein St. Johann in Tirol, Issue No. 12, 2008 Archive link ( Memento from March 30, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ St. Johann in Tirol - 800 years and yet older in: Between Kaiser, Kalkstein and Horn - local history articles by the Museum and Culture Association St. Johann in Tirol, No. 23, 2015 Archive link ( Memento from March 30, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b c d Deanery Parish Church St. Johann in Tirol. Parish St. Johann in Tirol, 2014, accessed on March 14, 2017 .
- ↑ Rampold Reinhard: Ecclesiastical and profane art in St. Johann, in: Die Marktgemeinde St. Johann in Tirol, Nature and People in Past and Present, St. Johann in Tirol, 1990 p. 609 ff
- ^ Neuhardt Johannes, St. Johann in Tirol, In: Christliche Kunststätten Österreichs, No. 47, 11th improved edition, Salzburg 1999
- ↑ Rampold Reinhard: Ecclesiastical and profane art in St. Johann, in: Die Marktgemeinde St. Johann in Tirol, Nature and People in Past and Present, St. Johann in Tirol, 1990 p. 609 ff
- ↑ Rampold Reinhard: Ecclesiastical and profane art in St. Johann, in: Die Marktgemeinde St. Johann in Tirol, Nature and People in Past and Present, St. Johann in Tirol, 1990 p. 609 ff
- ↑ Serfs, many taxes and indulgences, in: Between Kaiser, Kalkstein und Horn, Heimatkundliche Schriftenreihe des Museums- und Kulturverein St. Johann in Tirol, Issue No. 24, 2016 Archive link ( Memento from March 30, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Naimer Erwin, Church history of St. Johann in Tirol. In: The market town of St. Johann in Tirol, nature and people in past and present, Volume 2, St. Johann in Tirol, 1990 p. 543 ff
- ↑ Praised early - forgotten early: the sculptor Josef Haid, in: Between Kaiser, Kalkstein und Horn, Heimatkundliche Schriftenreihe des Museums- und Kulturverein St. Johann in Tirol, Issue No. 9, 2006 Archive link ( Memento from March 30, 2017 on the Internet Archives )
- ^ Jörg Wernisch: Bell customer of Austria. Journal-Verlag, Lienz 2006
Coordinates: 47 ° 31 '20.6 " N , 12 ° 25' 43.4" E