Glienicke village church / north railway
Coordinates: 52 ° 37 ′ 50.8 " N , 13 ° 18 ′ 48.4" E
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The village church in Glienicke / Nordbahn is the church of the Evangelical Parish Glienicke / Nordbahn ( Evangelical Church Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia , Church District Berlin-Northeast). It is located at the western end of the Dorfaue between Hauptstrasse, Gartenstrasse and Hattwichstrasse.
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The Glienicke village church was built as a hall church in neo-Gothic style in 1864/1865. The architect was the building inspector for church buildings in the Prussian Royal Ministry of Commerce, Georg Gustav Erbkam (1811–1876), who designed the building as a prototype for church buildings in the Mark Brandenburg . The church was consecrated on May 23, 1865. While the external shape of the church has remained largely unchanged since construction, the interior has undergone numerous redesigns. Since the last interior renovation in 2013/2014, it has been presented in a form based on the original version. The church has been a listed building since 1997 . Since 2016, the municipality has had them illuminated at night as part of the lighting of listed buildings in Glienicke / Nordbahn.
The first Glienicke church 1705–1864
Prehistory and construction
The farming village of Glienicke in the Mark Brandenburg north of Berlin received its own church very late. Before the Thirty Years War (1618-1648) the place was abandoned and given up several times; Above all, however, he was too small to justify his own church or even to support a pastor. Ecclesiastically, the place belonged to the village of Stolpe about five kilometers away ; the people of Glienicke came here for services on Sundays . Glienicke's membership in the Stolper parish lasted until 1946.
The situation changed after the Thirty Years War , when the place Glienicke flourished permanently. The trigger was the creation of the horse changing station "Sandkrug" on the newly created carriage and riding path from Berlin to Oranienburg (today's B 96 , the "Sandkrug" was on the corner of today's main street) by the wife of the Great Elector , Luise Henriette von Orange . Farmers were resettled as hay suppliers for the feeding station. Almost 60 years after the end of the war, the village had grown so far that it was given its own church as a "preaching place" - that is, without its own pastorate - within the Stolper parish. It was consecrated on Ascension Day 1705. The builders were the church patrons von Stolpe, at that time the noble von Platen family . The maintenance for the new church was financed from several sources: On the one hand, the Glienicke farmers had to pay a levy, the " church tithes ", on the other hand there were church fields and forests that were leased to the farmers, and finally there were for the church official acts (baptisms, weddings, funerals) to pay fees.
The church stood on the site of today's church by the village pond (which was also the horse trough for the horse changing station) and was oriented in an east-west direction.
Furnishing
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The following equipment has been handed down for the church from 1705:
- a simple half-timbered building with a tiled roof , the trades ("fields") of the half-timbering were lined with clay ;
- Size about 7.5 mx 12 m;
- on the west side a tower with the entrance;
- the altar traditionally in the east of the church (towards Jerusalem);
- the pulpit on a balcony above the altar;
- in front of the altar on the left a pew for the pastor ;
- in front of the altar on the right a pew for the sexton and school children;
- 15 pews in the church room (8 with 33 seats for women, 7 with 25 seats for men), the seats are reserved for individual farming families;
- on the west side (towards the tower) a gallery ;
- two iron bells in the tower, replaced by a bronze bell in 1745 .;
- the church was surrounded by a churchyard (cemetery), which was bordered by a low wall.
demolition
In the middle of the 19th century, after around 150 years, this church had become dilapidated and was finally demolished in 1864 and replaced by the current building.
"The tower, however, needs to be repaired very much, as everything wancket and moves when the bell is rung ..."
“After this little church, which had served as a place of worship for many generations for 159 years, had become so dilapidated that the sparrows flew in and out through gaping cracks in the clay, outlined or extinguished candles on the lying dead and thus evoked horror scenes at wakes and night watchmen it was torn down after years of complaint. "
The second Glienicke Church (since 1865)
Planning and construction
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The church patrons of Stolpe, now the noble von Veltheim family , based in the neighboring town of Schönfließ, were responsible for the demolition and new construction . For the still immature twelve-year patron Franz Eugen Burghard Werner "Achaz" Veltheim (1852-1864) had his mother Louise, widow of Veltheim, born of Mitzlaff . She also had the building completed after her son, who was still involved in laying the foundation stone on May 12, 1864 , was killed in a riding accident less than a month later.
Louise von Veltheim turned to the Berlin “Association for Religious Art in the Protestant Church” for the design . Its deputy chairman and secretary , the architect Georg Gustav Erbkam (1811–1876), took over the planning and supervision of the execution himself. The requirement was the greatest economy. At that time, Erbkam was a master builder in the Royal Ministry of Commerce , where he was responsible for the construction management of church buildings. He followed the tradition of his friend and mentor Friedrich August Stüler (1800–1865) and designed the building as a prototype for church buildings in the Mark Brandenburg region .
The foundation stone was laid on May 12, 1864, and the foundation stone is still under the altar today. Almost later on the day exactly one year, on May 23, 1895 the church was by then general superintendent of the Mark Brandenburg, D. Hoffmann, consecrated .
outer appearance
The location and orientation of the first church was retained: the rectangular hall building with an east-west axis measures 26 m × 12.6 m and is made of brick . In the east, a five-sided apse serves as a sanctuary . To the west, a square, three-story tower, through which the entrance also leads, complements the building. The church was covered with a simple gable roof , the four corners emphasized by pinnacles .
The church is built in the neo-Gothic style, which was particularly popular in the second half of the 19th century. a. was widespread in Germany. In it, elements of the medieval Gothic were combined into an idealized , historicizing new architectural style .
facade
The yellow bricks come from the former Lindner brickworks in Birkenwerder , the grout was colored red. The slim, emerging mold is by a few circular shaped stone - cornices structured and decorative ribbons and decorated.
In 2007/2008 the facade of the church was subjected to a thorough renovation. The west side of the church and the branches in particular showed extensive damage. The roof was damaged by falling trees during the hurricane on July 10, 2002. A total of around 1200 bricks and around 150 shaped bricks were replaced, which were reburned using the old coal-fired technology in the new brick factory in Glindow . About 90 percent of the joints had to be renewed with the original colored lime mortar and older, improper attempts at repair had to be withdrawn.
Tower and bells
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The slender tower, which closes the church building to the west, has a ball (globe) and a cross on its top. Its height is 34.0 meters including the cross, 32.6 meters without the top.
The church bells hang in the tower . Originally there were three: A bronze one from 1745 was taken over from the first church and added two cast steel bells when it was built in 1865. The composition of the bells changed in the course of history. During the First World War, for example, the bronze bell was confiscated by the Prussian War Ministry as a metal donation and taken down on June 29, 1917. Later, individual bells for the chapel in the parish cemetery in Hauptstrasse were also changed. Currently, the ringing consists of two bronze bells that were purchased for the 100th anniversary of the church consecration in 1965. They were cast by the Franz Schilling Sons company in Apolda . In addition, the smaller of the two cast steel bells from 1865 is used as the bell of the tower clock .
The bell chamber is opened by sound hatches on each side of the tower . They consist of paired round arch openings , each connected by a central column with a leaf-shaped capital . A clock is tied above the sound hatches on each side of the church tower .
The bells were rung by hand until the early 1970s. The tubes through which the ropes once ran can still be seen on the ceiling of the anteroom in the entrance. At this time an electric bell was installed. It was given to the parish by its then partner parish in the Federal Republic, the Providenz-Kirchengemeinde Heidelberg (today: Altstadtgemeinde Heiliggeist-Providenz), on the 100th anniversary of the church consecration in 1965 for the newly acquired bells, but only received an import permit into the GDR years later . On the occasion of the interior renovation of the church in 2013/2014, the bells were renewed so that the motors can now be operated by radio.
The entrance to the church also leads through the tower; it is particularly accentuated: in a round arch above the entrance door there is a Christ medallion , above it a blind gable , which ends with a finial . The medallion is based on the statue of Christ by the Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen in the Frauenkirche in Copenhagen , which in turn goes back to the painting "The Wise and the Foolish Virgins" by Peter von Cornelius .
window
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All windows of the church are arched and structured by lead struts. Three of them can be found on the long sides of the church. The west side shows two windows arranged one above the other on the left and right of the tower. The apse has three windows: in the middle above the age and to the left and right of it.
The original windows showed a diamond-shaped pattern delimited by a narrow band. In the round top was a rosette with a cross. The middle windows on the north and south sides were particularly accentuated by the colored design of the cross (red) and ribbon (dark blue). In the apse, the side windows were designed in a similar way, but there the surrounding band was made much more splendid. The middle window above the altar had a special feature: a glass painting by the artist Carl Gottfried Pfannschmidt , depicting Jesus as the “ Good Shepherd ”. It was a donation from the patroness, Luise von Veltheim, for the consecration of the church in 1865.
The window with the stained glass was destroyed in the Second World War , on November 23, 1943, by the pressure wave of a bomb explosion. Initially nailed up with wooden boards, the destroyed parts were later replaced with clear glass. When the church was redesigned in 1959, all windows in the apse were replaced by the windows that are still in use today, which show an abstract pattern of gray and dove-blue panes. The colors related to the color scheme of the wooden parts of the church interior.
The original windows on the sides of the church were replaced in 1984 and now show a rainbow motif in the upper half . Before they were installed, the new windows had to be galvanized . Since it was difficult to find a company for this under the conditions prevailing in the GDR, the corresponding work on the windows of the Nikolaikirche in Berlin-Mitte was used at the same time and the Glienicker windows were secretly added.
inner space
After several redesigns in the course of history, the interior has been presented in a form based on the original version since the last redesign in 2013/2014 . The various historical versions are still present in individual elements.
The walls of the interior of the church are made of plastered brick , they were designed in the usual way at the time of construction - the basic material was retained, but "refined" by painting - with a gray-ocher painting as sandstone cuboids. Originally, Bible verses were painted on the walls . On the west side there is the wooden gallery on which the organ is located.
The wooden elements in the interior are made of pine and were also designed based on the version from 1865: The pulpit and stalls were given a coat of oak stain (here, too, the basic material was originally "refined" with a coat of paint).
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The roof structure is open at the bottom. The painting of the redesign from 1937 was left here: Lines were introduced into a dark brown glaze with a comb ( comb design ), so that "three-dimensional" ornaments were created. The organ prospectus , which was not yet available at the time of the original version, was designed in 2013/2014 in such a way that it forms a transition between the approximate original version from 1865 (walls, stalls, pulpit) and the version from 1937 (roof structure) (ornaments in comb technique , but light brown glaze).
The transition from the interior to the apse and the chancel is formed by a round arch. The Bible verse painted there in 1865 (a compilation of various parts of the verse from the Gospel of John on the subject of 'Jesus as a good shepherd') was deleted in later redesigns. In 2013/2014 a new saying was added, this time the first verse from Psalm 23 (“The Lord is my Shepherd, I will lack nothing”).
The raised, rectangular pulpit is on the left side of the round arch and can be reached via a short flight of stairs.
Originally there was a sacristy to the left of the round arch on the north side of the interior , which also included access to the pulpit stairs. It was demolished when the church was remodeled in 1990. Correspondingly, to the right of the arch, on the south wall, there was the heated patronage stalls . It was removed after the end of the patronage system in Brandenburg (it may have been dismantled when the church was redesigned in 1937). Various iron and tiled stoves were used to heat the church.
Apse and chancel
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The pentagonal apse encloses the semicircular chancel. The wall surfaces in the lower part are designed in brown and ocher and are bordered by a star-studded ribbon at the top towards the windows. On the one hand, the plastered bricks were supposed to be "refined" to dark sandstone or red marble through the painting, and on the other hand, the design of the decorative ribbon was intended to remind of the curtain in the Jerusalem temple, which had divided off the area of the Holy of Holies. The three windows of the apse are still designed in the version from 1959 with a gray-blue glass mosaic. The wooden parts of the interior were also painted in these colors.
The design of the ceiling of the apse is unusual. The vault shows golden stars on a bright sky, with which the architect Erbkam deviated conspicuously from his role model, Stüler. In the church buildings there are gold stars on a dark blue background.
The slightly raised altar is also made of pine wood and painted black. Originally there was a large wooden cross on it, which had to give way to a triptych by the painter Eberhard Tacke (1903-1989) when the church was redesigned in 1953 . The cross was first hung on the north side wall of the interior, but had to be disposed of at the end of the 1950s due to woodworm infestation. The Tackes altarpiece was ranged when the interior was redesigned in 1990 and has been on the southern wall under the gallery ever since.
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In front of the altar is the octagonal baptismal font , also from 1865 and made of wood. Together with the altar candlesticks and the sacrament utensils ( chalice , jug, plate ) it was one of the numerous donations with which the wealthy farmers of the village and various family members of the patroness furnished the newly built church.
Behind the altar, in a very prominent place in the church, there was originally a memorial plaque for the patron Achaz von Veltheim, who died in a riding accident shortly after the foundation stone was laid. When the altarpiece was attached in 1953, the panel was moved along with the wooden altar cross to the north side of the interior. Removed in 1959, it was then forgotten. After being rediscovered in the community cellar in 2007, it was restored and reinstalled on the north side of the interior. The solemn re-unveiling took place in a celebratory service on February 17, 2008 in the presence of members of the von Veltheim family.
organ
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Already for the consecration in 1865 a smaller organ with a mechanical action was installed on the gallery of the church , probably bought second-hand by the patroness Baroness Louise von Veltheim. The builder of the organ is unknown. Thoroughly overhauled in 1905, the prospect pipes had to be given in as metal donations during World War I and were replaced by wooden pipes. In 1931, the church musician of the Berlin-Frohnau parish (who at that time was entrusted with the administration of the Glienicke parish) declared the instrument to be “in urgent need of repair for a long time [...]”, “completely out of tune” and “only for the well-initiated playable ”.
In 1932 the community received a new organ. The builder was the Alexander Schuke company in Potsdam . An organ with electro-pneumatic control and a mobile console was used , which was relatively large for a village church with over 1000 pipes and could only be fitted into the cramped space with great difficulty. The gallery was rebuilt for this purpose and the Rückpositiv was embedded in the parapet . The main work was located on the west side of the interior between the tower windows.
However, the construction soon proved to be extremely error-prone: the electrical contacts regularly wore out, and the numerous organ pipes that had found space in the tower due to lack of space were almost defenseless against temperature and climate fluctuations. Countless repair attempts resulted in only short-term improvements, more and more registers had to be switched off, and the organ kept failing completely.
The organ was therefore completely renewed in 2013/2014. The executing company this time was the Karl Schuke Berlin organ building workshop . While most of the pipes could be taken over, the console and action were exchanged. The organ pipes have been controlled mechanically since then. They are now almost exclusively in the heated interior of the church in the slightly enlarged main work and the Rückpositiv.
graveyard
As with the first Glienicke church, the building erected in 1865 was originally surrounded by the village cemetery. It was enclosed by a low wall. At the end of the 20th century, however, the available space was exhausted. In 1890 a new church cemetery was laid out at Hauptstrasse 22-24 and at the same time a morgue was set up for the laying out of the deceased at the then new fire department depot at the east end of the village meadow. The new cemetery was later expanded and received a chapel in 1928/1929 . The old tombstones around the church were initially left standing. It was not until 1930 that the old cemetery was leveled when the main street was widened and paved. The cemetery wall and the entrance gate were also torn down and replaced by a hedge.
Memorial plaque "1989"
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At the time of the political change in 1989, the "Konzilare discussion group" met in the village church, and in Glienicke / Nordbahn the central citizens' assembly to shape the peaceful revolution in the GDR. To the right of the entrance on the outside of the church, a plaque commemorates these events. The text says:
Christ set us free to be free. So stand firm now and don't let the yoke of bondage be imposed on you again. Galatians 5.1
1989
In autumn 1989 this church was one of the places from which the peaceful revolution in the GDR started. From September 17th, citizens of Glienicke gathered here and went public with the demand for a democratic transformation of the political system. From this church, women and men moved to Schönfließer Strasse on the evening of December 5, 1989 and occupied an office of the Ministry for State Security there in order to prevent the destruction of files. "
Overview of the different versions of the interior and apse
The interior and apse have been completely redesigned since the church was built in 1865. Since the last interior renovation in 2013/2014, they have been presented in a form based on the original version.
| walls | apse | window | Wooden parts | altar | Roof truss | Others | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1865 | ocher-gray, painted as a sandstone block, Bible verses | brown-ocher, painted as dark sandstone, ribbon, vault with golden stars on a light background; large altar cross, plaque behind the altar | Diamond pattern with border and rosette / cross in the curve; in the apse stained glass Jesus as the good shepherd | Oak glaze | black | blue-gray | Patronage stalls and sacristy |
| 1932 | Organ prospectus initially remains unpainted | Installation of a new organ, reconstruction of the gallery | |||||
| 1937 | White | White | red and dark brown, ornaments in the comb technique | unknown | dark brown, ornaments in the comb technique | electrification | |
| 1943 | Destruction of the window with the stained glass, is first nailed up with wood, later repaired with clear glass | ||||||
| 1946 | Demolition of patronage stalls (possibly as early as 1937), various ovens in its place | ||||||
| 1949 | white (renewed) | white (renewed) | |||||
| 1953 | Altar cross and plaque moved from the apse to the north side of the interior | Attachment of the altarpiece ( triptych ) | |||||
| 1959 | pink; Altar cross and memorial plaque removed | white (renewed) | New window apse (mosaic gray / dove blue) | gray / powder blue | White | ||
| 1984 | New windows interior (rainbow motif) | ||||||
| 1990 | light beige, arch white with gold stripes | light beige, vaulted white with golden decorative stripes, altarpiece under the gallery (south wall) | brown, green, ocher | white with gilded capitals | Sacristy and stove demolished, electric heating under the benches | ||
| 1997 | Monument protection | ||||||
| 2014 | ocher-gray, painted as sandstone quarder, Bible verse on arch | brown-ocher, painted as a dark sandstone, ribbon, vault with gold stars on a light background | Oak glaze | black | Convection heating, hot water bench radiators | ||
| 2015 | Organ prospectus red-brown with ornaments in comb technique | Renewal of the organ |
Sources and literature
- Birgit Reukauf: 150 years of consecration. The Glienicke Church 1865–2015. In: History of the Glienicke village church 1865–2015. Edited by the parish council of the Evangelical parish Glienicke / Nordbahn. Self-published, Glienicke / Nordbahn 2015.
- Claus P. Wagener: A building with a »pleasant impression«. On the history of the village church in Glienicke / Nordbahn. With contributions by Alexander Ergang, Joachim Kullmann and Burghard Rübcke von Veltheim. Edited by the parish council of the Evangelical parish Glienicke / Nordbahn. Books On Demand, Norderstedt 2015, ISBN 978-3-7347-9167-3 .
Web links
- Website of the Evangelical Church Community Glienicke / Nordbahn
- The village church on the website of the community Glienicke / Nordbahn
Individual evidence
- ^ Monuments in Brandenburg: Glienicke village church / northern railway. In: ns.gis-bldam-brandenburg.de. Retrieved October 19, 2016 .
- ^ Town hall news. From the meeting of the Committee on Technical Infrastructure and Trade (budgetary discussions) on September 21. In: Glienicker Kurier. News from the unofficial community Glienicke / Nordbahn. Edition November 2016 , p. 14.
- ^ Department for Church and School System of March 4, 1864, Archives of the Ev. Parish of Glienicke / Nordbahn.
- ↑ In: Kleine Kirchengeschichte von Glienicke , machined manuscript (archive of the Protestant parish Glienicke / Nordbahn), p. 5 f.
- ↑ The right of patronage in Brandenburg was repealed by an ordinance of the Soviet occupying power on February 9, 1946 (cf. Evangelical Church Treaty Brandenburg of March 28, 1997 , § 11).