Enrico De Nicola

Enrico De Nicola

Enrico De Nicola (born November 9, 1877 in Naples , † October 1, 1959 in Torre del Greco ) was an Italian lawyer , journalist and politician ( PLI ).

Life

After graduating from Liceo classico Antonio Genovesi , De Nicola studied law at the Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , which he left in 1896 with the laurea in giurisprudenza .

The lawyer De Nicola was the first time in 1909 as a deputy to the parliament elected. Under Prime Ministers Giovanni Giolitti and Vittorio Emanuele Orlando , he became Undersecretary of State for Colonies and Treasure, respectively. From June 1920 to December 1923 he was President of the Italian Chamber of Deputies . At the end of October 1922 he was chairing the Chamber when the newly appointed Prime Minister Benito Mussolini threatened to turn “this deaf, gray house” into a “bivouac” for the fascist legions. By King Victor Emmanuel III. he was appointed senator in 1929 .

After the overthrow of Mussolini , he invented a compromise solution in order to be able to replace the now discredited king in his most important functions without forcing him to abdicate; Crown Prince Umberto became governor of the kingdom .

De Nicola was after the end of fascism member of the Italian Liberal Party and was on 28 June 1946 to 1 January 1948 provisional head of state of the Republic , then up to the May 11, 1948 Acting President due to the I. transitory provision of the Italian Constitution. From 1951 to 1952, De Nicola served as Senator for life as President of the Italian Senate . From December 25, 1955 to March 26, 1957 he was a member of the Italian Constitutional Court, the Corte costituzionale , from January 23, 1956 as its first president.

Although he has never been prime minister or minister, he is the only person to date to hold four of the most important offices in the Italian state (i.e. the state presidency, the office of president of the two chambers and the chairmanship of the Constitutional Court). De Nicola is also the only president of Italy to date who did not die in the capital Rome.

literature

• Piero Craveri:  De Nicola, Enrico. In: Massimiliano Pavan (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 38:  Della Volpe-Denza. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1990.

Web links

Commons : Enrico De Nicola  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Page at the Presidenza della Repubblica
• Page at the Historical Archives of the Italian Senate
• Entry in the Portale storico of the Camera dei Deputati
• Entry about De Nicola as President of the Camera with a detailed biography in the Portale storico
• De Nicòla, Enrico. In: Enciclopedie on line. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome.
• Newspaper article about Enrico De Nicola in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .