Erlitou culture

Prehistoric cultures of China
Paleolithic
Xihoudu culture	1270,000 BP
Ordos culture	50,000-35,000 BP
Xiachuan culture	24,000-16,000 BP
Xiaonanhai culture	22650-21650 BP
Tongliang culture	24450 ± 850 BP
Maomaodong culture	14600 ± 1200 BP
Fulin culture
Kehe culture
Dingsishan culture
Gezidong culture
Miahoushan culture
Donggutuo culture
Xiaochangliang culture
Shilongtou culture
Shuicheng culture
Shuidonggou culture
Yanbulaq culture
Mesolithic
Neolithic
Shangshan culture	11000-9000 cal BP
Zaoshi culture of the lower class	7500-7000 BC Chr.
Pengtoushan culture	7500-6100 BC Chr.
Gaomiao culture	7400-7100 BC Chr.
Zhaobaogou culture	7000-6400 BC Chr.
Hemudu culture	7000-4500 BC BC / 5000–3300 BC Chr.
Houli culture	6250-5850 BC Chr.
Xinglongwa culture	6200-5400 BC Chr.
Laoguantai culture also Dadiwan-I culture	6000-5000 BC BC / 6000-3000 BC Chr.
Dadiwan culture	5800-3000 BC Chr.
Chengbeixi culture	5800-4700 BC Chr.
Peiligang culture	5600-4900 BC Chr.
Xinle culture	5500-4800 BC Chr.
Cishan culture	5400-5100 BC Chr.
Beixin culture	5400-4400 BC Chr.
Qingliangang culture	5400-4400 BC Chr.
Tangjiagang culture	5050-4450 BC Chr.
Baiyangcun culture	5000-3700 BC Chr.
Yangshao culture also Miaodigou-I culture	5000-2000 BC Chr.
Yingpanshan culture	5000 -... v. Chr.
Caiyuan culture	4800-3900 BC Chr.
Majiabang culture	4750-3700 BC Chr.
Hongshan culture	4700-2900 BC Chr.
Daxi culture	4400-3300 BC Chr.
Dawenkou culture	4100-2600 BC Chr.
Beiyinyangying culture	4000-3000 BC Chr.
Songze culture	3900-3200 BC Chr.
Miaozigou culture	3500-3000 BC Chr.
Liangzhu culture	3400-2000 BC Chr.
Longshan culture also Miaodigou II culture	3200-1850 BC Chr.
Shanbei culture	3050-2550 BC Chr.
Majiayao culture	3000-2000 BC Chr.
Xiaoheyan culture	3000-2000 BC Chr.
Tanshishan culture	3000-2000 BC Chr.
Shixia culture	2900-2700 BC Chr.
Qujialing culture	2750-2650 BC Chr.
Shijiahe culture	2600-2000 BC Chr.
Banshan Machang culture	2500-2000 BC Chr.
Baodun culture	2500-1700 BC Chr.
Keshengzhuang II culture	2300-2000 BC Chr.
Zhukaigou culture	...– 1500 BC Chr.
Qijia culture	2000 -... v. Chr.
Qugong culture	v. Chr.
Shangzhai culture	v. Chr.
Xinkailiu culture	v. Chr.
Youziling culture	v. Chr.
Kuahuqiao culture	v. Chr.
Copper Age
Bronze age
Erlitou culture	2000-1500 BC Chr.
Yueshi culture	1900-1600v. Chr.
Erligang culture	1600–1400 BC Chr.
Siwa culture	1400-1100 BC Chr.
Nuomuhong culture	1350-950 BC Chr.
Shajing culture	1300–789 BC Chr.
Xindian culture	1000 -... v. Chr.
Kayue culture	900-600 BC Chr.
Tangwang culture	v. Chr.
Ba Shu culture	v. Chr.
Hanshu culture	v. Chr.
Hushu culture	v. Chr.
Xituanshan culture	v. Chr.
Iron age

Location of Luoyang in China

The Erlitou culture ( 二 里頭 文化  /  二 里头 文化 , èrlǐtóu wénhuà ) is what archaeologists call an urban society from the Early Bronze Age that existed in China from 2000 BC. BC to 1500 BC Existed. The culture was named after the site that was discovered in Erlitou Village (二 里頭 村) of Yanshi City , in the administrative area of ​​Luoyang City, Henan Province . The culture was widespread throughout Henan, centered there, and in Shanxi Province . It later expanded into Shaanxi and Hubei Province . Most Chinese archaeologists identify the Erlitou culture as the site of the Xia dynasty , while most western archaeologists are not convinced of the connection between the Erlitou culture and the Xia dynasty as there are no written records showing the Erlitou Culture linked to official historiography.

Culture

Erlitou culture

Erlitou was the largest settlement in China and even East Asia until around 1500 BC. Currently, to this day, it is the earliest confirmed capital of China with palace buildings and bronze- melting workshops. The Erlitou culture may have developed from the breeding ground of the Longshan culture . There is also a controversial connection with the controversial Xia dynasty: It is claimed that Erlitou may have been the Xia capital, Zhēnxún.

archeology

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

Discovered in 1959, Erlitou is the largest site associated with the Erlitou culture. Erlitou monopolized the production of ritual bronze vessels.

After the rise of the Shang Dynasty , the Erlitou facility shrank very much, but remained inhabited during the early phase of the Shang Dynasty. The (big) city lies on the Yi He , a tributary of the southern Luo He river. The city was about 2.4 km by 1.9 km; however, only 3 km ² are left due to flooding damage. The palaces are in the southeastern section of the city. Palace 3 is of particular interest; it consisted of 3 inner courtyards along a 150 m axis.

chronology

• Erlitou Phase I (100 ha)
• Erlitou Phase II (300 ha) - A palace area of ​​12 ha was delimited by four streets. It contained the 150 × 50 m Palace 3 and Palace 5. - South of the palace complex was a bronze foundry.
• Erlitou Phase III (300 ha) - The palace complex will be surrounded by a 2 m thick rammed earth wall and Palaces 1, 7, 8 and 9 will be built. Palaces 3 and 5 are being abandoned and replaced by Palaces 2 and 4, which are 4200 m ^{2 in} size.
• 1564–1521 BCE Erlitou Phase IV (300 ha) - Palace 6 is built as an extension of Palace 2. Palaces 10 and 11 are built.
• 1600-1450 BC Early development phase - decay sets in.
• 1450–1300 BCE Late Erligang phase (30 ha) - Erlitou becomes a village again, all palaces are abandoned.

See also

• Erligang culture
• List of Neolithic Cultures in China
• Great Emperor of China
• Xia Dynasty
• Xia-Shang-Zhou chronological project

literature

• Li Liu: The Chinese neolithic: trajectories to early states (The Chinese Neolithic: Paths to Early States) . Cambridge University Press, 2004, ISBN 0-521-81184-8 , p. 310.
• Allan, Sarah, Erlitou and the Formation of Chinese Civilization: Toward a New Paradigm , The Journal of Asian Studies, 66: 461-496 Cambridge University Press, 2007
• Li Liu, Xu, Hong: Rethinking Erlitou: legend, history and Chinese archeology (Rethinking Erlitou: legend, history and Chinese archeology) . In: Antiquity, . 81, No. 314, 2007, pp. 886-901.
• Jinhui Li: Stunning Capital of Xia Dynasty Unearthed . China Through a Lens. November 10, 2003. Accessed 2009-02-03.

Web links

• Andreas Lorenz: Palace under corn stalks. In: Der Spiegel 5/2002 of January 28, 2002, p. 178ff
• The Cultural History of China - 3. The Xia Dynasty by Dr. Eduard Tripp, A-1120 Vienna ( Memento from September 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive )

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Allan 2007; Liu & Xu 2007
2. ↑ Allan 2007; Liu 2004; Liu & Xu 2007
3. ^ Li, 2009
4. ^ Li, 2009
5. ^ Li, 2009
6. ^ Liu, 2007

Coordinates: 34 ° 42 ′ 6.33 "  N , 112 ° 41 ′ 49.48"  E