Ezriel Carlebach

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Ezriel Carlebach, 1942

Ezriel Carlebach (also Azriel, actually Esriel Gotthelf Carlebach , Hebrew עֶזְרִיאֵל קַרְלֶיְבַּך, Yiddish עזריאל קארלעבאך; * November 6, 1908 in Leipzig ; died February 12, 1956 in Tel Aviv , Israel ) was an Israeli journalist of German origin.

He founded the Maʿariv newspaper (מַעֲרִיב), of which he was editor-in-chief until his death.

Life

Carlebach came from a family of German rabbis who founded his grandparents Salomon Carlebach and Esther Carlebach from Lübeck . His parents were Gertrud Jakoby from Bromberg and Ephraim Carlebach (1879–1936), rabbis and founders of the Higher Israelite School in Leipzig. In the spring of 1936 he emigrated with his family to Palestine , where he died a few months later. The son Ezriel went to Palestine for the first time in 1927. He had two sisters, Hanna and Cilly, and two brothers, David and Joseph. Ezriel Carlebach had a daughter, Tekuma.

1926–1929: Lithuania and Palestine

Ezriel Carlebach received religious training first from Joseph Leib Bloch at the rabbinical seminary in Telšē, Lithuania , which he recalled in a series of stories of the same name. He then studied at the Vilijampolė Slobodka yeshiva in Kaunas , also Lithuania, where the Kauen concentration camp was built during the Second World War under German occupation . From 1927 to 1929 he studied at the Rabbinical Seminary Merkas HaRaw Kook from Abraham Isaak Kook in Jerusalem and received his ordination ( Asmacha ) as a rabbi. In Jerusalem, as is common practice for Talmud students, he was regularly invited to free meals on Shabbath . His host had a son, Józef Grawicki , who worked in Warsaw as the Sejm correspondent for the Yiddish newspaper Haynt (הײַנט, also Hajnt , German: Today ) worked.

On the way to a visit to Germany, Carlebach stopped in Warsaw, which he had always wanted to get to know, and visited Józef Grawicki on the recommendation of his father. Grawicki encouraged Carlebach to write in Yiddish for Haynt . Carlebach found this a challenge and accepted. Among other things, he wrote about the conflict between the Zionist rabbi Abraham Kook and the anti-Zionist rabbi Joseph Chaim Sonnenfeld in Jerusalem.

The name Carlebach was not unknown in Warsaw, because three uncles Esriel Carlebach, the field rabbis of the Imperial German Army , Emanuel Carlebach (1874-1927) and Leopold Rosenak (an uncle by marriage) and their teacher Rabbi Joseph Carlebach assigned to them in 1915 , were during the German occupation (1915–1918) committed to “bringing German culture to the Jewish East” in order - according to Erich Ludendorff's intention  - to achieve a pro-German attitude among the Jews of Poland and Lithuania. The commitment included the establishment of modern educational institutions with a Jewish focus. Joseph Carlebach founded and directed the partly German-speaking Jewish Realgymnasium in Kaunas until 1919 ) and the establishment of Jewish associations (for example the Hasidic umbrella organization Agudas haOrthodoxim , also Aguddat (h) Yisrael אֲגדַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל), who should also be lobbyists for Germany . Carlebach's uncles relied on Hasidim and were rather hostile to Zionists . Accordingly, Carlebach's name did not ring well in the ears of the Haynt readership .

1929–1933: Germany

In 1929 he returned to Germany and studied law in Berlin and Hamburg and obtained a doctorate in law . During this time Carlebach wrote for the Israelitisches Familienblatt , which secured his income. Carlebach gladly complied with a call by Haynt , which saw itself threatened by a strike, and wrote reports from Germany free of charge.

Haynt later repaid him by funding Carlebach's extensive research trips that took him to the very diverse Jewish communities of the Lithuanian Karaites , the Mallorcan Conversos , the Maghreb Mizrachim , the crypto-Jewish Dönme (Sabbatians) in Turkey, the Jewish Yemenis and the Sephardim in Thessaloniki (later almost completely wiped out by the Nazi occupiers). Carlebach sent regular reports to Haynt , which later became the basis for a book. His publications included a report of a clash with a group of anti-Semites in which he was beaten.

In June 1931, the German book workshops in Leipzig awarded their narrator prize for 1931 to Alexander von Keller and Carlebach, half for his novel Mit 21… . "His award-winning novella deals with an incident that recently happened in the Jewish quarter of Jerusalem's Old City."

He also worked as a journalist for other newspapers, such as the Hebrew Ha'Aretz , and from 1931 in permanent employment at the Israelitisches Familienblatt in Hamburg. This newspaper presented music, performing and visual arts in a cultural supplement based on the works of Jewish artists. On four to five evenings a week after going to the theater, Carlebach wrote reviews that he dictated into the typewriter to his assistant Ruth Heinsohn.

In the summer of 1932 he traveled - also financed by Haynt - to the USSR , including the Crimea and Birobidzhan , to report on Jewish life under communist rule. In October and November he reported on his expedition in the Soviet Judea series of articles in the Israelitisches Familienblatt and later in Haynt, and came to the conclusion that there were neither opportunities nor the right milieu for Jewish life there.

Albert Einstein had brought the Soviet Judea articles up for discussion on various occasions, so that they met with a response that went far beyond the readership of the family paper. In particular, opponents of Hitler who bet on the USSR and played it down naively or deliberately, became thoughtful or angry with Carlebach. He rated the broad examination of the topic as a journalistic success.

As a result of his criticism of the Soviet Union expressed in Soviet Judea , he was persecuted, harassed, and finally an attempted contract murder committed by a group led by the communist youth association , which appeared under the name of the Association of Jewish Workers, Hamburg . On the night of January 4, 1933, an assassin fired several shots at him. A shot through his hat just missed him.

However, Carlebach had "suffered a concussion and an injury to the spine from the fall in the assassination attempt against him." He "was lying unconscious on the street for hours before being found by police officers." The Israelitisches Familienblatt offered 2000 Reichsmarks as a reward for catching the assassin. By the beginning of February Carlebach had recovered to such an extent that he was able to resume his work at the Israelitisches Familienblatt . He left Hamburg and moved to Berlin, where from 1935 the Israelitisches Familienblatt was published, which in the meantime (until the forced closure of this last Jewish newspaper in Germany in 1938) had become the official organ of the Reich Representation of German Jews .

With this experience he did not hesitate to continue to attack National Socialism publicly. As a journalist, Carlebach had made public that Joseph Goebbels , who so vehemently reviled the Jews and their supposedly harmful influence, had been a student of Jewish professors and owed his scholarship to her advocacy.

Shortly after the seizure of power of the Nazis Carlebach was arrested, which he attributed to the fact that Goebbels resented what Carlebach had published about him. Carlebach was lucky because the correctional officers had not yet been brought onto the dictatorial line and were still practicing the rule of law. He was released because there was no arrest warrant. After his release, Carlebach had to go into hiding immediately because the National Socialists had noticed his release and were looking for him.

He found helpers who gave him shelter and obtained false papers. In order to be able to move freely in the streets at all, Carlebach took a high risk, dyed his hair and dressed in SA uniform. He observed the Germany of the Nazi power consolidation in an adventurous way, about which he wrote daily articles that were published in the Haynt in Warsaw under the pseudonym Levi Gotthelf (לוי גאָטהעלף) appeared.

In Berlin, on May 10, 1933, he was an unrecognized observer at the central book burning of the German student body on Opernplatz , where his books were also given over to the fire. Meanwhile, Haynt was trying to get Carlebach out of the country. This finally succeeded with the forged papers of an Upper Silesian miner; Helpers smuggled him near the city of Katowice in the then Polish part of Upper Silesia .

1933–1937: Poland and Great Britain

In Haynt Carlebach series of articles appeared as the first inside story about the Nazi seizure of power and was the Forverts (פֿאָרווערטס) in New York. Together with the Zionist Jehoszua Gottlieb and the journalist Saul Stupnicki (Fołkspartaj, editor-in-chief of the Lublin Tugblat לובלינער טאָגבלאט, cf.) and others, Carlebach organized a nationwide series of lectures in Poland, Literary Judgments on Germany . The German Ambassador Hans-Adolf von Moltke , seated in the first row, took part in the opening event in Warsaw .

Carlebach was now permanently employed at Haynt on a modest wage . His articles were published in other newspapers such as Nowy Dziennik in Krakow , Chwila in Lemberg (Lwów), Di Yidishe Shtime (די יידישע שטימע) in Kaunas, Frimorgn (פֿרימאָרגן) reprinted in Riga and the Forverts in New York, for example on June 15, 1934 about The Anti-Semitic International .

While he was living in exile in Poland, the German Reichsanzeiger published the second expatriation list of the German Reich on March 29, 1934 , whereby Carlebach was expatriated . As a result, his property in Germany was confiscated.

In 1933 and 1934 Carlebach reported almost continuously as a foreign reporter for Haynt , including the Zionist Congress , the International Congress of National Minorities and Goebbels' appearance as the main German delegate to the League of Nations in Geneva on September 29, 1933. His speech An appeal to all peoples was a scandal and the press conference was accordingly well attended, but Carlebach and Goebbels had a sharp argument on the sidelines about the pros and cons of cooperatives using the example of Haynt .

Carlebach reported how it was possible, through the petition of the Upper Silesian Franz Bernheim to the League of Nations ( Bernheim petition ), to induce the latter to urge Germany to comply with the German-Polish Agreement on Upper Silesia (Geneva Agreement) . The agreement guaranteed each contracting party for its part of Upper Silesia inalienable equal civil rights for all residents. The Nazi government lifted all anti-Semitic discrimination already imposed in Upper Silesia in September 1933 and exempted it from all subsequent anti-Semitic official discrimination until the expiry of the agreement in May 1937.

Carlebach criticized the contempt for urban life of many Jews by anti-Semites as well as by Zionists, who praised Jewish students in British Palestine for the authenticity of rural life and reviled the urban life of Diaspora Jews . "The Palestinian youth, just like the school youth of the Third Reich, consider the people of Galuth to be a second class person."

In 1935 Carlebach became editor-in-chief of the Yidishen Post (יידישע פאָסט) in London , from where he continued to do international reports in the rest of Europe, except for Germany. In the self-defense (Prague) Carlebach appeared regular column diary of the week . In an interview with Federal Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg published in Haynt at the end of April 1935 , Carlebach drew attention to his anti-Semitic policies in Austria. In the process, his tone intensified against non-Zionist forces, whose intentions to remain in Europe he considered negligent in view of the developments. The British Palestine policy (partition plan of the Peel Commission ) was the focus of Carlebach's reporting from 1936. Following the violent Arab uprising , the British mandate authorities enacted new laws to the detriment of the yishuv and foreigners in Palestine. This outraged many, seeing that Arab acts of violence were rewarded by discrimination against Jews.

From 1937: Palestine – Israel

In 1937 Carlebach went to Palestine as a correspondent for the Yidishe Post . In the same year he began to work for the Jedi'ot Acharonot newspaper and became its editor-in-chief. In the spring of 1939 Carlebach traveled again to Warsaw, where he saw and spoke to friends and acquaintances - many of them for the last time.

In 1948 there was a conflict with Jehuda Moses (יְהוּדָה מוֹזָס), the owner of the newspaper. Carlebach and other responsible editors left Jedi'ot Acharonot and founded the newspaper Jediʿot Maʿariv (יְדִיעוֹת מַעֲרִיב), the first edition of which appeared on February 15, 1948, with Carlebach as editor-in-chief. The name of the newspaper was changed to Maʿariv a few months later to avoid confusion with Jediʿot Acharonot . During his time as editor-in-chief, the newspaper became the most widely read in Israel. He is considered one of the most important Hebrew journalists of this time - especially because of the series of editorials he began with Jedi'ot Acharonot , which he wrote under the pseudonym Rabbi Ipcha Mistabra (רב איפכא מסתברא) wrote.

After Israel gained independence on May 14, 1948, Carlebach and his newspaper mostly rejected the policies of the Zionist Israeli Labor Party and its chairman, David Ben Gurion . Carlebach also led the camp of Israelis who opposed direct negotiations between the State of Israel and the Federal Republic of Germany after the end of World War II . He also rejected the Luxembourg Agreement between Israel and the Federal Republic.

After the death of President Chaim Weizmann in 1952, he proposed in a telegram to Albert Einstein that he should become the new President of Israel. Einstein was very touched by the offer, but had concerns and declined in a letter to Carlebach dated November 21, 1952, written in German.

Carlebach disapproved of the music censorship desired by the Israeli government at the time and reported on Jascha Heifetz , who disregarded it: "Education Minister Professor [Ben-Zion (בֵּןְ צִיּוֹן דִּינוּר)] Dinur asked not to play Strauss . Justice Minister Rosen also agreed to the request ... The letter was sent to Heifetz in Haifa by taxi shortly before the concert. Jascha Heifetz, however, carelessly put this letter from two Israeli ministers in his pocket, said whatever he had to say about his rejection of musical censorship - and refused to comply with the request. He played Strauss in Haifa and then in Tel Aviv. "

Carlebach sympathized with the Brit Schalom ( Bund des Friedens ), who tried to find a balance between Jewish and Arab Israelis , to which Martin Buber belonged. On December 25, 1953, he published an editorial on Israeli land policy in the Maʿariv under the pseudonym Rabbi Ipcha Mistabra , which he published in the journal of Brit Shalom, Ner (נֵר), published again in February 1954. In 1983 the Maʿariv published the article again.

Carlebach criticized the fact that after the guilty verdict against Rudolf Kasztner , the government of Israel appealed literally overnight, apparently without sufficient examination of the extensive judgment.

In 1954 Carlebach went on a three-week trip to India . There he was received by leading politicians from the Congress Party , including Jawaharlal Nehru . Tommy Lapid , Carlebach's secretary at the time, remembers that Carlebach went to the Hotel Dan for a retreat to write a book about the trip to India.

Carlebach died two months after completing his work. He left behind a widow, daughter and orphaned newspaper and book, that burst of creativity from the greatest Hebrew-writing journalist.

His book India - A Travel Diary , for a long time the only one on the subject in Hebrew, came out in 1956 and quickly became a bestseller. It appeared in multiple editions over the next twenty years.

Carlebach died of heart failure on February 12, 1956 at the age of 47. Thousands gave him the last escort . The street in Tel Aviv where the Maʿariv's editorial office is located was later renamed after him.

literature

Web links

Commons : Ezriel Carlebach  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Michael Hepp (ed.): The expatriation of German citizens 1933–45 according to the lists published in the Reichsanzeiger . tape 1 : Lists in chronological order. De Gruyter Saur, Munich / New York / London / Paris 1985, ISBN 978-3-11-095062-5 , pp. 4 (reprinted 2010).
  2. ^ Esriel Carlebach: The town (Telschi) . In: Menorah , vol. 5, issue 2 (February 1927), pp. 105-108 and Telschi. I. Die Jeschiwah , 4 Tl., In: Menorah ; Vol. 4, issue 1 (January 1926), pp. 37–44 (= part 1), issue 2 (February 1926), pp. 112-116 (= part 2), issue 4 (April 1926), pp. 231–235 (= part 3) and issue 12 (December 1926), pp. 692-694 (= part 4). All accessible at: compactmemory.de Shoah survivors continued the Jeschive, which today operates as the Rabbinical College of Telshe , based in Wickliffe, Ohio (USA).
  3. ↑ Esriel Carlebach: Exotic Jews. Reports and Studies . Berlin: Welt-Verlag, 1932, 246 p. Also in Swedish (Esriel Carlebach: Judar i Sovjet . Ragna Aberstén-Schiratzki (trans.). In: Judisk Tidskrift ; Jg. 7 (1933), pp. 41-47 and 84 -90) and Hungarian translation: Esriel Carlebach: Exotikus zsidók. Élmények és beszámolók , Is Jehudi (ex.): Magyar Zsidók Pro Palesztina Szövetsége . Budapest 1942, (= Javne Könyvek; Vol 7), 114 pp.
  4. ^ Esriel Carlebach: At 21 ... Meyer & Jessen, Munich 1932.
  5. ^ Literature prize for Esriel Carlebach . In: Die Neue Welt (Revue) , vol. 5, no. 159, June 26, 1931, p. 11.
  6. ↑ E.g. about Chaim Nachman Bialik , cf. Ezriel Carlebach:בִּיאָלִיק, עוֹרֵךְ גָּלוּתִי בֵּין יִהוּדִים Bialik, ʿŌrech Galūthī bejn Jehūdīm , German 'Bialik, a diaspora author among Jews' ). In: Ha'Aretz . February 3, 1932, p. 3.
  7. ↑ Martje Postma: The Israelitisches Familienblatt . In: Four Hundred Years of Jews in Hamburg: an exhibition by the Museum of Hamburg History from November 8, 1991 to March 29, 1992 , Ulrich Bauche (Ed.), Dölling and Galitz, Hamburg 1991 ( The History of the Jews in Hamburg , Volume 1) , p. 417, ISBN 3-926174-31-5
  8. ↑ Ezriel Carlebach:וואָס האט איך געזען אין סאָוויעט־רוסלאנד: אײַנדריקן פון א רייזע Vos has ikh gezen in Sovyet Rusland: Ayndriken fun a reyze , in: Haynt , January 27, p. 6, February 10, p. 6, April 7, 1933, p. 6th
  9. ^ Ezriel Carlebach: Let Us Remind Ourselves . ( Memento of the original from October 6, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ( @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.haynt.orgלאָמיר זיך דערמאָנען Lomir zikh dermons ); letter to Chaim Finkelstein September / November 1955; engl., Mort Lipsitz (ex.). In: Chaim Finkelstein (חיים פֿינקעלשטיין), Yiddish הייַײַנט: א צײַטונג בייַ ײדן, תרס״ח־תרצ״ט Haynt: a Tsaytung bay Yidn , pp. 668–699, {1908-1939}, Tel Aviv-Yafo: (פֿארלאג י.ל. פרץ), 1978, pp. 363-367, here p. 365.
  10. ^ Revolver assassination attempt on Esriel Carlebach . In: Israelitisches Familienblatt , vol. 35 (1933), No. 1, January 5, 1933, p. 1.
  11. ↑ Ruth Heinsohn (married Gerhold; 1911–2003), interview of December 13, 1999 , minutes by Ulf Heinsohn (private property).
  12. ↑ The brutalization of morals . In: Jüdische Rundschau , Vol. 38 (1933), No. 3, January 10, 1933, p. 1.
  13. ^ Revolver assassination attempt on Esriel Carlebach . In: Jüdische Presse , Vol. 19 (1933), No. 2, January 13, 1933. p. 3.
  14. ^ Ezriel Carlebach: Let Us Remind Ourselves . ( Memento of the original from October 6, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.haynt.org לאָמיר זיך דערמאָנען Lomir zikh dermons ; letter to Chaim Finkelstein September / November 1955; engl., Mort Lipsitz (ex.). In: Chaim Finkelstein (חיים פֿינקעלשטיין), Yiddish הייַײַנט: א צײַטונג בייַ ײדן, תרס״ח־תרצ״ט Haynt: a Tsaytung bay Yidn , pp. 668–699, {1908–1939}, Tel Aviv-Yafo:פֿארלאג י.ל. פרץ, 1978, pp. 363-367, here p. 365.
  15. ↑ Gottlieb's name also appears in the spellings Jehoshua / Joszua / Yehoshua Got (t) li (e) b, Stupnickis also as Joel Szaul / Shaul Stupnicki / Stupnitski / Stupnitsky.
  16. ^ Esriel Carlebach: The Anti-Semitic International (Document No. 125) [די אנטיסעמיטישע אינטערנאציאָנאלע. In: Haynt , June 15, 1934, p. 3; German]. In: The persecution and murder of European Jews by National Socialist Germany 1933–1945 : 16 vols. Wolf Gruner (editor), Munich: Oldenbourg, 2008, vol. 1: German Reich 1933–1937 . ISBN 978-3-486-58480-6 , pp. 354seqq.
  17. ↑ More about the International Congress of National Minorities can be found in the entry in Wikipedia.
  18. ↑ Haynt was a cooperative, but the members of the cooperative often viewed it more as a political experiment, which sometimes brought the newspaper close to bankruptcy and occasionally paralyzed itself through internal conflicts.
  19. ↑ Bernheim Petition ( Memento of November 29, 2003 in the Internet Archive )
  20. ↑ "German-Polish Agreement on Upper Silesia" (Upper Silesia Agreement, OSA) of May 15, 1922. In: Reichsgesetzblatt , 1922, Part II, pp. 238seqq.
  21. ^ Philipp Graf: The Bernheim Petition 1933: Jewish Policy in the Interwar Period . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-525-36988-3 (= writings of the Simon Dubnow Institute; Vol. 10), p. 342.
  22. ^ Esriel Carlebach, 'Vom nationaljüdischen Antisemitismus', in: Jüdischer Almanach 1934 , Verlag der Selbstwehr - Jewish Volksblatt, Prague 1934; Reprinted in: Henryk Broder , Hilde Recher (eds.): Jüdisches Lesebuch 1933–1938 , Nördlingen: Greno, 1987, ISBN 3-89190-826-1 , pp. 77-96, here p. 78. Quoted here from: Joachim Schlör, Tel Aviv - From Dream to City: Journey through Culture and History . 2nd edition, Frankfurt am Main et al .: Insel, 1999, ISBN 3-458-34214-1 , p. 109. (Insel-Taschenbuch; Vol. 2514)
  23. ↑ Warning . In: The New World (Revue) ; Vol. 9, No. 458, April 26, 1935, p. 3.
  24. ↑ Ezriel Carlebach: Manners of a Guest [מָנֵיְרוֹת אוֹרֵחַ. In: Maʿariv . April 13, 1953; dt.] In: Naʿama Sheffi (נַעֲמָה שֶׁפִי): The ring of myths: the Wagner controversy in Israel [' טַבַּעַת הַמִּיתוֹסִים', First published 1999; Engl .: The Ring of Myths: The Israelis, Wagner and the Nazis , Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 2001; German], Liliane Granierer (translated from English), Wallstein, Göttingen 2002, (series of publications by the Institute for German History, Tel Aviv University; vol. 22), p. 60. Additions in square brackets and omissions not in the original. ISBN 3-89244-605-9
  25. ↑ Esriel Carlebach ("אִיפְּכָא מִסְתַּבְּרָא“Pseudonym): cry out, beloved country! [זִעְקִי אֶרֶץ אֲהוּבָה. In: Maʿariv , December 25, 1953; German], Ruth Rürup (ex.), in: Babylon. Contributions to the Jewish present ; Vol. 3, No. 4 (1988), ISBN 3-8015-0228-7 , pp. 111-118. This German translation can be downloaded from: mideastweb.org A more recent publication in a different translation was published under: Esriel Carlebach (under the pseudonym “אִיפְּכָא מִסְתַּבְּרָא“, There mistakenly Ichpa Mistabra): Cry , beloved country! [זִעְקִי אֶרֶץ אֲהוּבָה(correct: cry, beloved country!), In: Maʿariv , December 25, 1953; dt.], Alisa Fuß (ex.), In: SemitTimes. The best of Semite. The Jewish magazine , Oswald Le Winter and Abraham Melzer (eds.), Frankfurt am Main: Abraham Melzer Verlag, 2004, p. 72-83, ISBN 3-937389-34-2
  26. ↑ Ezriel Carlebach in an article in Maʿariv , June 24, 1955, here after a quote from Ben Hecht: Perfidy . 3rd ed. Milah Press, New London NH 1997, ISBN 0-9646886-3-8 , pp. 165 and 239.
  27. ↑ Shalom Goldman, Laurie Patton: Indian Love Call: Israelis, Orthodoxy, and Indian Culture . ( Memento from July 9, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) In: Judaism , Summer, 2001, p. 7th
  28. ↑ Tommy Lapid: 'Introduction' to Ezriel Carlebach: הוֹדוֹ: יוֹמָם דְּרָכִים Hōdō: Jōman Drachīm ; 1st edition.הוֹצָאַת עֲיָנוֹת, Tel Aviv (1956), Tel Aviv-Yafo: סִפְרִיַּת מַעֲרִיב, 1986, p. 12, quoted here analogously from the English translation by Shalom Goldman and Laurie Patton: 'Indian Love Call: Israelis, Orthodoxy, and Indian Culture'. In: Judaism , Summer 2001, p. 7th
  29. ↑ Esriel Carlebach:הוֹדוֹ: יוֹמָם דְּרָכִים[ Hōdō: Jōman Drachīm . 1st ed.הוֹצָאַת עֲיָנוֹת, Tel Aviv 1956], סִפְרִיַּת מַעֲרִיב, Tel Aviv / Yafo 1986
  30. ↑ écho d'Israel, article 6939 ( Memento of July 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
personal data
SURNAME Carlebach, Ezriel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Carlebach, Azriel; Carlebach, Esriel; Karlibach, Azriel; Karlibakh, Azriel; Karlibach, Ezriel; Karlibakh, Ezriel
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Israeli journalist, lawyer
DATE OF BIRTH November 6, 1908
PLACE OF BIRTH Leipzig
DATE OF DEATH February 12, 1956
Place of death Tel Aviv