Flora of Timor

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Landscape near Ermera

The island of Timor is part of the Wallacea area . The flora of Timor is thus part of the biogeographical transition zone between the Asian and Australian flora and fauna .

Vegetation of East Timor

Overview

Offer on a market in Dili

It is estimated that there are around 2500 species of plants in East Timor alone . In a 2006 field study alone, 22 new species were discovered. The vegetation consists mainly of secondary forest , savannas and grasslands . There are mostly species from the casuarina family , eucalyptus , sappan wood , sandalwood and palmyra palms (Lontar palms). Common tree species include Sundacarpus amarus , Dacrycarpus imbricatus , Eucalyptus alba , Elaeocarpus species, Artocarpus pomiformis , Drypetes species , Olea paniculata and Putranjiva roxburghii .

Dense forest can only be found in the south and in the mountain regions. The total area of ​​forest in East Timor (excluding Oe-Cusse Ambeno ) decreased by almost 30% between 1972 and 1999. In the last ten years of the Indonesian occupation alone, the proportion of forests in the whole of East Timor fell by 18%. The area of ​​the original primary forest of East Timor has shrunk to 220,000 hectares or 1% of the territory. The primary forest is dominated by an abundance of trees with relatively large, fleshy fruits that are particularly attractive to birds. They could depend on fruit pigeons and flying foxes for the distribution of their seeds . These fruit trees are absent in the thorn and dry secondary forests. Local fruits are salak , jackfruit , jambul ( jamblang ), uha , saramalé and aidák .

Mangroves

Mangroves in East Timor

Mangrove forests cover, depending on the source, only about 750 to 7500 hectares of East Timor, as in contrast to other islands of the archipelago there are few bulges in the coastline. The country's few mangrove forests are found along a few beaches and estuaries. They are found scattered in all communities that have a sea coast, but they mainly occur on the north coast, where the sea is calmer. For example at Metinaro ( municipality of Dili ), Tibar and Maubara (municipality of Liquiçá ). On the south coast, the mangroves do not extend much further than beyond the estuaries and swampy terrain. In Tetum they are locally called Ai-Parapa , which means “trees that live in the water”.

Mangroves east of Cristo Rei
Disappear under the new port of Dilis: The mangroves of Tibar
Large Avicennia marina on the shores of Lake Malai

Mangrove species in East Timor:

Other plant species in mangrove forests:

Plant species on the red list

Plant species of East Timor on the IUCN Red List
family Scientific name information
Acanthus family (Acanthaceae) Acanthus ilicifolius IUCN status: not at risk
Burmanniaceae Burmannia disticha IUCN status: not at risk
Horn leaf (Ceratophyllaceae) Ceratophyllum muricatum IUCN status: not at risk
Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae) Carex baccans IUCN status: not at risk
Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae) Cyperus compactus IUCN status: not at risk
Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae) Diplacrum caricinum IUCN status: not at risk
Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae) Echinochloa picta IUCN status: not at risk
Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae) Eleocharis geniculata IUCN status: not at risk
Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae) Eleocharis retroflexa IUCN status: not at risk
Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae) Fimbristylis argentea IUCN status: not at risk
Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae) Fimbristylis bisumbellata IUCN status: not at risk
Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae) Fimbristylis consanguinea IUCN status: not at risk
Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae) Fimbristylis dipsacea IUCN status: not at risk
Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae) Fimbristylis nutans IUCN status: not at risk
Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae) Fimbristylis ovata IUCN status: not at risk
Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae) Fuirena pubescens IUCN status: not at risk
Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae) Lipocarpha gracilis IUCN status: not at risk
Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae) Pycreus macrostachyos IUCN status: not at risk
Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae) Pycreus sanguinolentus IUCN status: not at risk
Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae) Schoenoplectiella lateriflora IUCN status: not at risk
Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae) Scleria mikawana IUCN status: not at risk
Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae) Scleria terrestris IUCN status: not at risk
Legumes (Fabaceae) Parochetus communis IUCN status: not at risk
Halagoraceae Myriophyllum tuberculatum IUCN status: not at risk
Leguminous plants (Leguminosae) Sesbania javanica IUCN status: not at risk
Duckweed family (Lemnaceae) Lemna minor IUCN status: not at risk
Lygodiaceae Lygodium microphyllum IUCN status: not at risk
Sweet grasses (Poaceae) Brachiaria eruciformis IUCN status: not at risk
Sweet grasses (Poaceae) Eriochloa procera IUCN status: not at risk
Sweet grasses (Poaceae) Leptochloa fusca IUCN status: not at risk
Sweet grasses (Poaceae) Leptochloa obtusiflora IUCN status: not at risk
Sweet grasses (Poaceae) Leptochloa panicea IUCN status: not at risk
Stonecaceae (Podocarpaceae) Podocarpus rubens IUCN status: not at risk
Stonecaceae (Podocarpaceae) Sundacarpus amarus IUCN status: not at risk
Stonecaceae (Podocarpaceae) Cladopus nymanii IUCN status: not at risk
Figwort family (Scrophulariaceae) Lindernia antipoda IUCN status: not at risk

Orchids

An epiphytic orchid in Bauro , East Timor
Gliricidia sepium in South Central Timor

The three most important protected areas for orchids in East Timor are on Monte Mundo Perdido , Tatamailau and Fatumasin . In 2009 several new species were discovered on Monte Mundo Perdido.

According to a 2008 by Silveira et al. published checklist, the following 66 orchid species from 38 different genera are known. Ten of East Timor's orchids are considered endemic.

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Flora Timors  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d GOVERNMENT OF TIMOR-LESTE, THROUGH THE SECRETARIA DE ESTADO DOS RECURSOS NATURAIS: Tasi Mane - Suai Supply Base EIA Terrestrial Flora and Fauna Technical Report , March 23, 2012 .
  2. ^ Laura Suzanne Meitzner Yoder: Custom, Codification, Collaboration: Integrating the Legacies of Land and Forest Authorities in Oecusse Enclave, East Timor. P. 104, dissertation, Yale University, 2005 ( PDF file; 1.46 MB ( memento of March 7, 2007 in the Internet Archive )).
  3. ↑ a b Konservas Flora & Fauna: Potensia Mangrove iha Timor-Leste (2016)
  4. ↑ Bird life International: A lost world in Timor-Leste - Mount Mundo Perdido, A profile of its biodiversity and conservation (PDF; 755 kB)
  5. ↑ Paulo Silveira, André Schuiteman, Jaap Jan Vermeulen, Ana J. Sousa, Helena Silva, Jorge Paiva, Ed De Vogel: The orchids of Timor: checklist and conservation status. (PDF; 661 kB) In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 157, Number 2, 2008, pp. 197-215, DOI: 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2008.00796.x