Franz Schwechten
Franz Heinrich Schwechten (born August 12, 1841 in Cologne , † August 11, 1924 in Berlin ) was a German architect of historicism .
Life
Franz Schwechten was the first son of District Court Judge Heinrich Schwechten and Justine Pauline, nee Herrstatt. He attended the (Protestant) Friedrich-Wilhelm-Gymnasium , where he received special support in art classes from the cathedral sculptor Christoph Stephan . After graduating from high school in the spring of 1860, he joined the studio of the future city architect Julius Raschdorff as an apprentice in the autumn , then studied from 1861 at the Berlin Building Academy under Karl Bötticher , August Hermann Spielberg and Friedrich Adler and finally graduated in 1863 with the Royal Building Supervisor Examination. He then began a two-year practical training with the important architects August Stüler and Martin Gropius in Berlin, before returning to his hometown of Cologne for two years in 1865, where he was accepted into the studio of the land and garrison architect Hermann Otto Pflaume . In the winter semester of 1867/68 he continued his studies in Berlin. In 1869 he passed the exams for "Royal Master Builder" (June 26) and "Government Master Builder" (July 3). A year earlier, he had already emerged as the winner of the Schinkel competition held annually by the Berlin Architects' Association with the design for a parliament building for Prussia in "Hellenistic" forms . He had also submitted this draft to the master builder examination. The prize money enabled him to make his first study trip to Italy from October 1869 to June 1870.
Schwechten worked from 1871 to 1882 as head of the structural engineering department of the central technical office for the Berlin-Anhalt Railway Company . During this time a. the new construction of the Anhalter Bahnhof , which attracted the attention of experts and the public far beyond Berlin and made him known as an “outstanding monumental artist”.
In 1885 Schwechten was appointed a member of the Royal Academy of Arts in Berlin and in the same year began teaching at the Technical University of Charlottenburg . In 1888 he was awarded the title of "Royal Building Councilor" and in 1889 he was appointed a member of the Berlin Building Academy . In 1894 he received a small gold medal at the Great Berlin Art Exhibition and a large one in 1906.
From the mid-1880s to 1907 Schwechten was entrusted with the construction and expansion of new, extensive production facilities for the Schultheiss Brewery (Department I) on Schönhauser Allee (today's Berliner Kulturbrauerei ) in Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg. The Schultheiss brewery is one of the main works of Schwechten, along with the Anhalter Bahnhof and the War Academy (1880–1883).
Schwechten also designed and built a. a. the Berlin Philharmonic (a former roller-skating rink) in Bernburger Strasse 22/23 (1887/88), the AEG apparatus factory in Ackerstrasse (1894–1907), the neo-Gothic Apostle Paul Church in Berlin-Schöneberg (1892–1894) and the tomb for Adolf Becker. The Ducal Mausoleum designed by him is located in Dessau as one of the most important domed buildings of all times. The AEG factory entrance built in 1897 on Brunnenstrasse in Berlin-Gesundbrunnen , the so-called Beamtentor and the Moabit power plant on Friedrich-Krause-Ufer in Berlin, built in 1899/1900, are among the 160 or so buildings he has completed. His most famous building is certainly the neo-Romanesque Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church in Berlin , which was built between 1890 and 1895 .
In 1902 Franz Schwechten took over the management of a master's studio and from 1915 to 1918 passed on his knowledge and experience as President of the Prussian Academy of the Arts .
His grave with the tomb created according to his own design was recognized as an honorary grave of the city of Berlin and is located in the Protestant Old Cemetery of the Old Village Church next to the New Paul Gerhardt Church in Schöneberg , built in 1962 , Hauptstraße 46, in field O, grave location 0- 6-26.
Schwechten preferred romanizing forms for his buildings.
“He was one of the most successful in his work in bridge construction. The architecture ... for the Rhine bridges ... is one of the best and most imaginative of his architectural work and connects to old works from his home on the Rhine. "
buildings
Received in full or in part
- 1878–1879: District building in Lutherstadt Wittenberg , Breitscheidstraße 3 (expanded by Schwechten in 1895)
- 1886–1888: Melanchthon grammar school in Lutherstadt Wittenberg , Neustraße 10 B
- 1887–1889: District building of the Lennep district in Lennep , today Remscheid-Lennep, Kölner Straße 82
- 1888–1890: five-storey factory building (so-called apparatus factory) for AEG in Berlin-Gesundbrunnen , Ackerstraße (together with Paul Tropp , AEG construction office)
- 1891: Brewery of the Schultheiss-Patzenhofer AG in Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg , Schönhauser Allee (partially preserved, today " Kulturbrauerei ")
- 1892–1894: Evangelical Apostle Paul Church in Berlin-Schöneberg , Akazienstraße (preserved with changes)
- 1892–1895: Merseburg State House (Provincial Parliament) of the Prussian Province of Saxony in Merseburg
- 1893: Residence for Richard Roesicke (General Director of the Schultheiss-Brauerei AG), called "Villa Luisenhof", in Potsdam, Templiner Straße
- 1893–1895: District building in Rathenow , Platz der Freiheit 1
- 1893–1897: Tyszkiewicz Castle, today's amber museum Palanga in Palanga , Lithuania
- 1893–1897: St. Simeon Church in Berlin-Kreuzberg , Wassertorstraße 21a (built into the closed street front)
- 1894–1898: Mausoleum of the Dukes of Anhalt in Dessau
- 1896-1897: Gate 1, so-called. Beamtentor of AEG in Berlin-Gesundbrunnen, Brunnenstraße
- 1897–1899: "King Wilhelm Memorial Tower", since 1948 Grunewald Tower in Berlin-Grunewald , on the Karlsberg
- 1899: Protestant parish church of St. Peter and Paul in Steinach (Thuringia) , Kirchstrasse
- 1901: South school in Steinach (Thuringia) , Kirchstrasse
- 1899–1900: Moabit power plant in Berlin-Moabit , Friedrich-Krause-Ufer, partially preserved
- 1899–1902: War school (until 2013 seat of the Brandenburg State Parliament) in Potsdam , Am Brauhausberg
- 1899–1902: Residence for Carl Wessel (today: Lower Saxony boarding high school) in Bad Harzburg
- 1899–1903: Mausoleum for Julius Heinzel in the Old Cemetery in Łódź
- 1900: Charlottenburg Rolandbrunnen at the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church in Berlin, moved to Riesenburg in 1928
- 1902-1903: Cath. Erlöserkapelle in Mirbach (Eifel) (design by Max Spitta , revised and redesigned by Schwechten after his death)
- 1902–1908: Protestant Church of the Redeemer in Bad Homburg vor der Höhe (design by Max Spitta, revision and design by Schwechten)
- 1903–1905: Evangelical Church of Galilee in Berlin-Neukölln in Schillerkiez , Herrfurthplatz (tower cut in 1940 due to proximity to Tempelhof airport )
- 1905–1910: Imperial residential palace in Posen (after 1945 as town hall, now used as a cultural center)
- 1909: Reconstruction of the Protestant village church in Gröben ( Brandenburg )
- 1909–1928: Protestant St. Matthew's Church in Łódź (together with Johannes Wende)
- 1911–1913: Protestant Church of the Redeemer in Gerolstein (Eifel)
- 1911–1922: evang.-luth. (Chiesa di Cristo) Christ Church in Rome , Via Sicilia 70 / Via Toscana 7
- 1913–1914: Protestant Church of the Redeemer in Adenau (Eifel)
Not preserved or greatly changed or in ruins
- 1874–1876: Entrance building of the train station in Dessau (not preserved)
- 1876–1877: Entrance building of the Lutherstadt Wittenberg train station (demolished in 2015)
- 1876–1880: Anhalter Bahnhof in Berlin-Kreuzberg , Askanischer Platz (blown up to the fragment of the portico in 1959)
- 1880–1883: Prussian War Academy in Berlin-Mitte, Dorotheenstrasse 48 (demolished after war damage in 1976)
- 1882–1884: so-called concert and club house in Stettin (destroyed)
- 1888–1889: Philharmonie in Berlin-Kreuzberg, Bernburger Strasse 22a / 23 (destroyed)
- 1890–1891: District building of the Teltow district in Berlin-Tiergarten, Viktoriastraße 18 (demolished in 1938)
- 1891–1895: Protestant Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church in Berlin-Charlottenburg (tower ruins preserved)
- 1894–1896: Residential and commercial building, so-called first Romanesque house at the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church in Berlin-Charlottenburg (destroyed)
- 1900–1901: residential and commercial building, so-called second Romanesque house at the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church in Berlin-Charlottenburg (destroyed)
- 1900–1904: Johannes Quistorp Memorial Tower in Stettin (only the ground floor preserved)
- 1901: Country residence for the painter Hugo Vogel in Berlin-Wannsee , in the Alsen villa colony , Am Großen Wannsee 48 (demolished in 1955)
- 1902–1904: Bridge towers of the Kaiserbrücke in Mainz (towers not preserved)
- 1903–1905: Factory building for the German Glass Mosaic Society Puhl & Wagner in Berlin (demolished in 1972)
- 1905–1906: Sparkasse of the Teltow district in Berlin-Tiergarten, Viktoriastraße 16/17 (demolished in 1938)
- 1906–1909: Protestant Church of the Redeemer with parsonage in Essen, Bismarckstrasse (ruins of the parsonage demolished after the war, tower changed with an unrelated tower, Schwechten's interior design completely removed / changed)
- 1906–1910: Bridge towers of the Südbrücke in Cologne (towers preserved in reduced form)
- 1907–1911: Bridge towers of the Hohenzollern Bridge in Cologne (towers demolished after 1945)
- 1911–1912: "Haus Potsdam", since 1928 " Haus Vaterland " in Berlin, Potsdamer Platz (ruin demolished in 1976)
drafts
In 1884 the competition design for the development of the Berlin Museum Island was purchased.
Design drawings
literature
- Albrecht Mann: The Neo-Romanesque. A Rhenish component in 19th century historicism . Greven Verlag, Cologne 1966, p. 11, 153 f .
- Judith Breuer: The first Prussian railway bridges . Dirschau, Marienburg / Cologne / Lüneburg / Stuttgart 1988, pp. 79, 85
- Andreas Puchta: The German Evangelical Church in Rome. Planning, building history, equipment (= studies on the art of antiquity and its afterlife, 2). Weiss, Bamberg 1997, ISBN 3-928591-81-9 .
- Peer Zietz, Uwe H. Rüdenburg: Franz Heinrich Schwechten. An architect between historicism and modernity. Edition Menges, Stuttgart / London 1999, ISBN 3-930698-72-2 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
- Wolfgang Jürgen Streich: Franz Heinrich Schwechten (1841-1924). Buildings for Berlin. Verlag Michael Imhof, Petersberg 2005, ISBN 3-937251-66-9 (also dissertation, RWTH Aachen, 2003).
- Susanne Gloger: Franz Heinrich Schwechten. Imperial builder and pioneer of modernity. In: Builders of the 19th century. The Mark Brandenburg, Issue 76, Marika Großer Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-910134-10-2 , pp. 34-40.
- Peer Zietz: Schwechten, Franz Heinrich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 24, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-428-11205-0 , p. 35 f. ( Digitized version ).
Web links
- Literature by and about Franz Schwechten in the catalog of the German National Library
- Entry in the directory of members of the Akademie der Künste
- More photos and information on buildings by Franz Schwechten in Berlin: u. a. Umformerwerk Tiergarten and Umspannwerk Alte Jakobstraße : TechnikTouren accessed on July 25, 2013
- List of projects and digital copies in the holdings of the Architekturmuseum der TU Berlin
Individual evidence
- ^ Peer Zietz, Uwe H. Rüdenburg: Franz Heinrich Schwechten. An architect between historicism and modernity. Edition Menges, Stuttgart / London 1999, p. 11 ff.
- ↑ Franz Schwechten . In: District lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
- ^ On the seventy-fifth birthday of Franz Schwechten . In: Deutsche Bauzeitung . 50th year, no. 65 , August 12, 1916, p. 342–344 ( kobv.de [accessed June 27, 2017]).
- ↑ Monument of the month January 2014. City of Remscheid
- ↑ Internet presence of the Apostle Paul Congregation in Schöneberg
- ↑ Completion In: Centralblatt der Bauverwaltung , No. 11, March 14, 1885, pp. 108 and 109; Retrieved January 7, 2013
- ↑ a b Romanesque houses in the district lexicon at berlin.de; Retrieved February 10, 2013
- ^ Purchase of the draft Museum Island , In: Centralblatt der Bauverwaltung , No. 15, April 12, 1884, p. 143; Retrieved December 27, 2012
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Schwechten, Franz |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Schwechten, Franz Heinrich (full name) |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German architect |
DATE OF BIRTH | August 12, 1841 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Cologne |
DATE OF DEATH | August 11, 1924 |
Place of death | Berlin |