Gauernitz Elbe Island
| Gauernitz Elbe Island | ||
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| Waters | Elbe | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 7 '5 " N , 13 ° 33' 39" E | |
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| length | 800 m | |
| width | 150 m | |
| surface | 6.5 ha | |
| Residents | uninhabited | |
The Gauernitz Elbe Island is an uninhabited river island in the Elbe and belongs to the Gauernitz district of the Klipphausen municipality in the Meißen district . In addition to the Pillnitz Elbe Island , located around 30 kilometers up the Elbe in the southeast of Dresden , with which it has formed the joint Elbe Islands Pillnitz and Gauernitz nature reserve since 2006 , the Gauernitzer is one of two remaining Elbe islands in Saxony .
A dam connects the island with the right bank of the Elbe near Coswig - Kötitz . Incorporated into a landscape park around 1800 , today it is no longer allowed to enter and is a habitat for rare plant and animal species. The island is owned by the Saxon Homeland Security Association .
geography
location
The elongated Gauernitzer Elbe island extends between river kilometers 73 and 74 in the northwestern part of the Dresden Elbe valley and is the only area belonging to the municipality of Klipphausen to the right of the main river of the Elbe. On the northeastern right side of the island there is a narrow oxbow lake of the Elbe, which is separated from the main stream by a dam at its upper end .
In contrast to the Pillnitz Elbe Island, which is very similar to it , with which the Gauernitz Island forms a joint nature reserve of around 23.5 hectares, not only is the island under nature protection , but also the upper quarter of the oxbow lake with its silting zone directly below the dam - a total of about 13 hectares. Both islands belong to the fauna-flora-habitat area Elbe valley between Schöna and Mühlberg as well as to the bird sanctuary of the same name . The Gauernitz Elbe Island is also part of the Elbe Valley landscape protection area between Dresden and Meißen with valleys on the left bank of the Elbe and the Spaar Mountains . In the river section on the island, on the left side, the squirrel bottom, one of the left Elbe valleys, meets the Elbe valley.
At mean water the shoreline is about 100 m above sea level. NN and the island rises only about four meters above the Elbe level. The dam temporarily turns it into a peninsula and is only fully flooded when the water level at the Dresden gauge exceeds two meters. The island is rarely completely flooded - the spring floods in particular are typical of the Elbe .
The island is located in the Gauernitz district and is part of the district of the same name as well as the village of Gauernitz within the Klipphausen community between Dresden and Meißen . The right bank of the old arm belongs to the Kötitz district in the city of Coswig . The Elbe Cycle Path at the old village center of Kötitz leads 50 meters away, separated by the oxbow lake , past the island. The boathouse of the Coswiger Canoe Association founded in 1957, a DKV canoe station, is also located on the oxbow lake . Because of the nature reserve, however, there are restrictions on use for water sports enthusiasts in the upper part of the oxbow lake.
Natural classification
The island belongs to the Gauernitz-Meißener Elbaue natural area , which comprises the approximately ten kilometer long section of the floodplain between Wildberg and Meißen . To the north and northeast, the plains of the Brockwitz-Meißener Niederterrasse and the Radebeul-Coswiger Niederterrasse spread out. In the northwest, the rock massif of the Spaargebirge marks the beginning of the breakthrough valley through the Meißen granite area. The hierarchical system of natural areas in Saxony grouped these and eight other micro geochoren to Mesogeochore Northwestern Dresden Elbtalweitung , in turn, part of tectonic prescribed Makrogeochore Dresdner Elbtalweitung is.
In the south and south-west, the Cossebauder slope and the Meißen-Scharfenberg slopes accompany the river. They are members of the mesogeochore Dresden-Meißen loess plateau edge and thus the macro geochore of the Middle Saxon loess hill country .
Geology and soils
The subsoil of the island consists of Gauernitzer Weichselian and Holocene river kiesen that in the immediate vicinity - around 100 to 400 meters north in the area of today as Stretch obtained by bathing Kötitzer gravel pit were also reduced -. They lie on the Holocene river sands . On this, in turn, there are floodplain clay - silts to silt sands, often of only slight thickness. In groundwater nearby are out mainly Vega - Gleye found that rarely pass into Vegen. On young sand and gravel surfaces they accompany floodplains regosole (paternia) and very rarely also Ramblas . Soils under forests can have a high nitrogen content.
Flora and fauna
As a characteristic forest community of large Central European floodplains , an oak - elm - hardwood floodplain forest dominates in the center of the Gauernitz Elbe island , which could only survive here and on the Pillnitz island throughout Saxony. The defining woody trees include field elm and flutter elm , common ash and, locally, English oak , as well as winter lime and black elder at higher locations . The herbaceous layer of the forest shows a rich spring aspect with celandine , hollow larkspur , forest yellow star , yellow anemone and Vienna squill , which is replaced in summer by nutrient-loving species such as great nettle and ground grass.
The hardwood floodplain is upstream of the river - in lower, more often flooded areas - a softwood floodplain lined with veil societies with silver , broken and basket willow . The population of pure black poplar is particularly remarkable .
Depending on the frequency and duration of the flooding, different reed , flood turf and dwarf rush communities develop on the silt and gravel banks of the banks and silting areas. In addition to the dominant cane grass , slender sedge , water marsh cress and species of the two -toothed fields stand out. Typical for the gravel areas of the Elbe meadows are also chives , meadow elephants and deer leaps . Brown sedge , muddy grass and , as a rarity, lying boxweed ( Lindernia procumbens ) can be found on mud flats . The Platthalm rush is limited to the bank zones paved with ashlar .
In contrast to the plant-free main stream, the oxbow lake is home to some types of underwater and floating leaf vegetation , including milfoil , frizzy spawn and horn leaf .
The hatching birds on the Gauernitzer Elbinsel comprises more than 50 species, including river Plover , Warbler , Dove , Oriole , Nightingale , Grünspecht , Kormoran , Kingfisher and Graureiher . There is also a large number of the sea frog , whose local spawning area is of national importance. In Gauernitz Castle , directly opposite the island, there is a strong population and nursery of the Great Mouse-eared Mouse . The insects found on the island include striped shrimp , big fox , the forest cockchafer and several species of ground beetle . After 2000, beavers were also detected on the island again .
history
Already around 1500 BC A ford could have existed as an Elbe crossing in the area of the Gauernitz island , at which a ferry station developed in the Middle Ages. Immediately above the island, the ferry, first mentioned in 1661, runs between Gauernitz and Kötitz. An electoral ship mill , first mentioned in 1601 between the island and Kötitz, was shut down in 1778 and later demolished.
As part of the Gauernitzer Flur, the island, then known as Gauernitzer He (e) ger , belonged to the lands of the Lords of Gauernitz Castle. It remained largely natural until the 18th century, when it was included in its park. For this purpose, the Saxon statesman and landlord Friedrich August von Zinzendorf cleared part of the floodplain forest around 1800 and created parks and gardens instead. He also had seven avenues laid out in a star shape from the center of the island and planted with deciduous trees. The avenues provided a view of castles and church towers in the area, including Gauernitz Castle, Scharfenberg Castle and Wackerbarth Castle , Brockwitz Church and the steeples of Weinböhla and the Old Church of Coswig .
In the center of the star was a monument dedicated to Zinzendorf's wife in the form of a stone column decorated with a snake and floral threads. On it was an oval plaque with the inscription: “Friedrich August Graf von Zinzendorf and Pottendorf his wife Luise Sophie Johanne, daughter of Count Otto Rubmann Friedrich von Bylandt, born. d. October 9, 1754 ". The original decorative urn had been torn off before 1945, and later the entire memorial was knocked over. After 2000, the Kötitzer Heimatverein wanted to recover the monument by helicopter and have it implemented until the monument protection authorities rejected the plans in 2009.
The multiple construction of the Elbe from 1869, which was supposed to give the Elbe shipping and especially the chain shipping on the Elbe that started at this time, a deeper fairway and other better conditions, changed the river considerably. Almost all of the former 18 Saxon Elbe islands have disappeared, including the Scharfenberger He (e) ger, not far downstream from the Elbe, where the establishment of a natural monument is planned. Only the islands near Pillnitz and Gauernitz remained. In addition, the flow velocity and the deep erosion of the Elbe increased. Shallow water areas receded, the bank structure became unified, and habitats disappeared. The deepened river bed resulted in a relative elevation of the island above the mean water level and thus a new shape of the island. Since 1879, a stone-paved dam has also connected the island with Kötitz. Some areas on the bank of the oxbow lake silted up, especially the area immediately below the dam. From 1819 to 1945 the island was under the control of the Counts of Schönburg-Waldenburg, who had resided at Gauernitz Castle from 1848 .
On January 6, 1947, the island was declared a natural monument "Elbinsel Gauernitz". This was apparently triggered by the temporary creation of allotment gardens on the island from 1945 and the use of wood due to the lack of wood immediately after the Second World War . A decision of the council of the district of Meissen on June 4, 1958 renewed the status as a natural monument. From 1956 to 1992 the island was used for forestry purposes. In 2000, the Saxon Heritage Protection Association bought the 6.5 hectare core of the island (not including silted land) from the Treuhandanstalt . When the Elbe floods in 2002 , the island was completely flooded. The stone dam between Kötitz and the island was breached in several places and the flow through the oxbow was temporarily restored. The joint nature reserve " Elbe Islands Pillnitz and Gauernitz " has existed since January 4, 2006 ; the NSG "Elbinsel Pillnitz" was extended to Gauernitz at that time and in this context enlarged by 13 to 23.5 hectares and renamed.
Current status and measures
The protection purpose of the nature reserve is the preservation of the only two remaining Saxon Elbe islands for scientific and cultural reasons with their typical habitats and communities. The vegetation, the predominantly unpaved banks and the sediments should develop dynamically under the influence of the Elbe. Since the construction of the dam, however, the island is no longer protected from disturbances by its natural isolation like its Pillnitz counterpart, but is temporarily accessible and impaired by illegal visitors. There are bans on mooring boats on the island and on entering the nature reserve. The paths on the island that still existed in the 20th century are now overgrown by almost impenetrable vegetation.
The ordinance of the regional council of Dresden establishing the nature reserve "Elbe islands Pillnitz and Gauernitz" of January 4, 2006 provides for the implementation of a catalog of measures within 20 years. This includes, among other things, pushing back the individual trees and groups of trees that were introduced up to 1950, provided that they change the development of the natural forest community. On the Gauernitzer Insel, this applies in particular to hybrid poplars , which are supposed to give way in favor of the native pure black poplar. It is also planned to preserve as many unpaved areas and shallow water areas as possible and to create a permanently overflowing section of the stone dam between Gauernitz Elbe island and the right bank of the Elbe in order to restore the island character.
literature
- Hans-Jürgen Hardtke : The Gauernitzer Elbe Island . In: Landesverein Sächsischer Heimatschutz (Ed.): Communications of the Landesverein Sächsischer Heimatschutz 3 (1994) . Dresden 1994, pp. 28-31.
- A. Klengel: Gauernitz . In: Landesverein Sächsischer Heimatschutz (Ed.): Messages from the Landesverein Sächsischer Heimatschutz Vol. X Issues 1 to 3 . Dresden 1921, pp. 44-53. Digitized .
- Thomas Würflein: Elbe islands Pillnitz and Gauernitz . In: Saxon State Ministry for the Environment and Agriculture (ed.): Nature reserves in Saxony . Central Brochure Dispatch of the Saxon State Government, Dresden 2008, ISBN 3-932627-17-2 , p. 344.
- Friedemann Klenke: Changes in the existence of nature reserves in Saxony in 2006. In: Saxon State Office for Environment and Geology (Ed.): Nature conservation work in Saxony . 49th year, Dresden 2007, p. 83 ff. Online .
- K. Mannsfeld and R.-U. Syrbe (Hrsg.): Natural spaces in Saxony with a map supplement “Naturräumliche Gliederung Sachsens”, in: Research on German regional studies (Vol. 257), German Academy for Regional Studies, self-published, Leipzig, 2008, ISBN 978-3-88143-078-4 .
Web links
- www.dresden.de: Ordinance of the Dresden Regional Council establishing the nature reserve "Elbe Islands Pillnitz and Gauernitz" from January 4, 2006. (PDF; 81 kB)
- Deutsche Fotothek: Elbstromkarte von Gauernitz and Kötitz , scale 1: 2000, 1882
- Landscape Research Center e. V. Dresden: Research of the natural areas and natural area potentials of the Free State of Saxony , interactive map and individual descriptions
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Thomas Würflein: Elbe islands Pillnitz and Gauernitz . In: Saxon State Ministry for the Environment and Agriculture (ed.): Nature reserves in Saxony . Central Brochure Dispatch of the Saxon State Government, Dresden 2008, ISBN 3-932627-17-2 , p. 344.
- ↑ Natura 2000 on Environment.sachsen.de: FFH area Elbe Valley between Schöna and Mühlberg , accessed on December 28, 2012.
- ↑ Natura 2000 on Environment.sachsen.de: Elbtal bird sanctuary between Schöna and Mühlberg , accessed on December 28, 2012.
- ↑ dresden.de: Ordinance of the district of Meißen amending the delimitation of the "Nassau" landscape protection area and establishing the "Elbe valley between Dresden and Meißen with left Elbe valleys and Spaar mountains" from November 5th, 2007 (PDF; 93 kB), accessed on December 28, 2012.
- ↑ paddelsport.de: Coswig / Sachsen ( Memento of the original from July 12, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Accessed December 28, 2012.
- ↑ a b c d Friedemann Klenke: Changes in the existence of nature reserves in Saxony in 2006. In: Saxon State Office for Environment and Geology (Ed.): Nature conservation work in Saxony. 49th year, Dresden 2007, p. 83 ff. Online .
- ↑ a b c d e dresden.de: Ordinance of the Dresden Regional Council establishing the nature reserve "Elbe Islands Pillnitz and Gauernitz" from January 4, 2006. (PDF; 81 kB), accessed on December 28, 2012.
- ↑ Beavers conquer Elbe island. Furry rodents eat their way through the river vegetation near Gauernitz . In: Dresdner Latest News , ed. December 10, 2008, p. 19.
- ↑ fdp-coswig.de: Concept “Fähre Kötitz”. History and future (PDF; 640 kB), accessed on December 28, 2012.
- ↑ faehren-der-oberelbe.de: Fähre Gauernitz – Kötitz , accessed on December 28, 2012.
- ↑ coswig.de: 800 years of Kötitz - view of history ( Memento of the original from June 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Accessed December 28, 2012.
- ↑ a b heykodehn.de: Gauernitz , accessed on December 28, 2012.
- ↑ See figure on static.panoramio.com , accessed on December 28, 2012.
- ↑ See image on bildindex.de , accessed on December 28, 2012.
- ↑ Monument protection: The column remains on the Elbe island . In: Sächsische Zeitung , issue of May 14, 2009.
- ↑ landesanglerverband-sachsen.de: Waters directory Anglerverband "Elbflorenz" Dresden e. V. (PDF; 11.0 MB), accessed December 28, 2012.
