2015 Greek referendum

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Ballot
Ballot in the ballot box

The 2015 Greek referendum was a referendum held on July 5, 2015, during the sovereign debt crisis , to reject or accept a draft related to reforms in Greece. The draft came from the institutions ( European Commission , International Monetary Fund and European Central Bank ) as representatives of the creditors . The reforms were originally intended to be adopted by the Greek parliament as a confidence-building measure . With a turnout of 62.50%, the referendum rejected the austerity measures with 61.31% of the valid votes .

prehistory

The last referendum took place in Greece on December 8, 1974 : the decision after the end of the colonel's regime was in favor of the existing republic as a form of government and against a restoration of the monarchy .

On 31 October 2011, the then-Greek had Prime Minister George Papandreou to the relative second aid package ( English Loan Facility Agreement ) and a haircut in connection with the Greek debt crisis , especially on the exchange of government bonds announced a referendum this but canceled on November 3, 2011 due to opposition from members of the government and the establishment of a parliamentary majority for the opponents. Shortly thereafter, he resigned in favor of a government of national unity . The future Prime Minister Tsipras warned against the collapse of the economy and the banks if a vote was held.

The new Greek government , which was formed following the parliamentary elections held in January 2015, applied for an extension of the financial assistance for Greece ( Master Financial Assistance Facility Agreement ) on February 19, 2015 and has since negotiated at various levels with the donors.

On May 4, 2015, the former Prime Minister Papandreou spoke out in favor of a new referendum, in which the reforms, the negotiations and the remaining in the euro zone would be voted on.

On June 25, 2015, the so-called “institutions” ( called the Troika before February 13, 2015 ) and the Greek government presented a more recent proposal on priority reform measures. No agreement could be reached with the Eurogroup on either of the two proposals, with the Greek proposal subsequently being evaluated and rejected by the “institutions”. During the course of June 26, 2015, the “institutions” proposal was negotiated further. After a special meeting of the Greek cabinet , however, the latter rejected the proposal of the "institutions" on the same evening. This last proposal could no longer be formally finalized and submitted to the Eurogroup.

On the night of June 27, 2015, Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras announced a referendum for July 5, 2015, in which the proposal of the “institutions”, discussed on June 25, 2015 in the Eurogroup, would be decided. At the same time, the Greek government requested that the grant agreement, which expired on June 30, 2015, be extended by one month. The Eurogroup rejected this request and expressed its disappointment at the unilateral termination of the negotiations by Greece.

The referendum was approved in the Greek Parliament on June 28, 2015 . 178 MPs voted for 120 votes against and two absent. In addition to most MPs from the two government factions, the fascist Chrysi Avgi also voted for the referendum. The Greek government recommended voting “no” in the referendum. On the part of the “institutions”, however, the proposal of June 25, 2015 was no longer up for negotiation; therefore the vote was considered non-binding by creditors. The Council of Europe said the referendum did not meet the required standards. It is also to be criticized that the documents published by the Greek government differed from those of the "institutions". From 1 July 2015, the proposal also relates to an expired program.

Legal basis and content

According to Article 44 of the Greek Constitution , the President of the Republic orders a referendum on fundamental political issues if Parliament has voted in favor by an absolute majority on the proposal of the government.

Voters were asked to answer the following question: Should the draft agreement made by the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund of the Eurogroup on June 25th, which consists of two parts, which represent a single proposal, be adopted? ? The first document is headed “Reforms for the completion of the Current Program and Beyond” and the second “Preliminary Debt sustainability analysis”. Possible answers were: NOT ACCEPTED / NO and ACCEPTED / YES

Evangelos Venizelos from PASOK and the To Potami and Nea Dimokratia parties questioned the constitutionality of the referendum, as it was not intended for fiscal policy matters. The formulation of the referendum question was criticized from various quarters as being too complicated and therefore “almost pointless” or difficult to understand. It is also unusual and an attempt to influence voters that the “no” answer favored by the government is placed on the ballot above the “yes” answer. In this context, observers ( no before yes ) point out that no (Ochi) is a positive term in Greece and that a special national holiday, Ochi Day , is celebrated every year on October 28 in memory of the resistance against Benito Mussolini . On June 28 , 2015, the European Commission published the last draft agreement of the three creditor institutions in order to create transparency about the content of the vote. The document describes radical reform measures on ten topics, namely medium-term financial planning , VAT reform, structural fiscal measures, pension reform, concrete measures in public administration , in the legal system (e.g. land registry offices ), in the fight against corruption , tax administration, in the financial sector, in the Labor market , in goods markets and in privatization . On the other hand, the controversial reform measures must be contrasted with the international aid payments already made to the Greek state in the amount of several 100 billion euros, which were used to finance the reform measures and to build up the infrastructure necessary for economic performance, which is still being done according to the proposals of the Eurogroup more than 80 billion euros should come.

On July 3, 2015, the Greek State Council rejected complaints filed by two citizens with the aim of asking the Greek Supreme Administrative Court to cancel the referendum. In the opinion of the plaintiffs, the issue is too technical for the short period of time and inadmissibly concerns questions of public finances. Twelve lawyers had submitted a counter-declaration that the referendum was admissible as it concerned questions of sovereignty . The court dismissed the action and allowed the referendum.

Positions on the referendum

Protesters in Athens who speak out in favor of a “no” (ΟΧΙ) to the vote

Of the parties represented in parliament, the two governing parties, the socialist SYRIZA and the national conservative ANEL , as well as the fascist Chrysi Avgi, campaigned for a “no” to the agreement proposed by the European institutions. The conservative Nea Dimokratia , the left-wing liberal To Potami and the social democratic PASOK rejected a referendum, but advocated a “Yes to Europe and the euro”. The communist KKE called for an invalid vote.

In his televised address on June 29, 2015, the Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras explained the background to the referendum. In his opinion, the Greek people could achieve a better negotiation result if they reject the proposal of the three institutions. At the same time, Tsipras indicated his resignation if the population should vote “yes”.

Leading politicians of the euro states, such as the German Vice Chancellor and Economics Minister Sigmar Gabriel , the Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi and the French President François Hollande publicly warned that a “No” in the referendum would inevitably mean Greece's departure from the euro currency union. The President of the European Commission Jean-Claude Juncker said in a statement on June 29, 2015 that the European side had tried everything to keep Greece in the eurozone and that he was through his Greek negotiating partners by breaking off the negotiations and making the announcement feel “a little betrayed” by the referendum. The President of the European Parliament Martin Schulz (SPD) accused the Tsipras government of possibly never wanting an agreement on the debt dispute and described the announced referendum as "manipulative". Eurogroup leader Jeroen Dijsselbloem mentioned the possibility of a so-called Grexit if the voters in Greece vote “No” in the referendum.

The Council of Europe criticized the date of the referendum: there would have to be at least two weeks between the announcement and the vote in order to give the voters enough time to form an opinion. The chosen date therefore violates Council of Europe guidelines.

The UN special rapporteur for the promotion of a democratic and just international order, Alfred de Zayas, and the independent expert on human rights and international solidarity, Virginia Dandan, welcomed the referendum and called for international solidarity. They expressed their disappointment that the IMF and the EU had failed to find a solution apart from renewed austerity measures. They also stated that a loan agreement should not compel a country to violate the civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights of its people, nor should such a loan agreement negate the sovereignty of a state.

Result of the vote

Results by constituency (percentage of votes against)

9,286,380 Greeks were eligible to vote. The result is by region:

region No proportion of Yes proportion of Participation
Attica 1,118,208 59.70% 754.883 40.30% 67.96%
Epirus 115.814 59.18% 79,884 40.82% 56.08%
Ionian islands 78.153 67.74% 37.211 32.26% 53.05%
Crete 238.508 69.87% 102,855 30.13% 68.15%
Central Greece 206.376 64.27% 114,738 35.73% 64.47%
North Aegean 66,457 61.31% 41,944 38.69% 49.45%
East Macedonia and Thrace 205,687 59.80% 138,262 40.20% 56.03%
Peloponnese 200.087 57.34% 148.853 42.66% 54.24%
South Aegean 108,911 63.99% 61,289 36.01% 59.15%
Thessaly 258,329 62.29% 156.417 37.71% 62.84%
West Greece 251,583 65.14% 134,612 34.86% 60.48%
Western Macedonia 105,774 60.17% 70.031 39.83% 52.23%
Central Macedonia 604,563 59.91% 404.558 40.09% 64.24%
Greece 3,558,450 61.31% 2,245,537 38.69% 62.50%

The number of no or yes votes adds up to 100%. 5.80% of the votes cast were invalid and were not counted.

Reactions to the referendum

Eurosceptics and parties from the left and right in Europe expressed their satisfaction with the outcome of the vote. Nigel Farage , head of the British party UKIP , praised the courage of the Greeks and announced that "Project Europe" was now dying. Further statements of support came from the chairman of the right French Front National Marine Le Pen , the chairman of the left Spanish movement Podemos Pablo Turrión and the chairman of the Left in Germany Bernd Riexinger .

Chancellor Angela Merkel announced a special summit with French President François Hollande for July 7, 2015. Both declared that “the vote of the Greek citizens should be respected”.

The German Minister of Economic Affairs Gabriel said in an interview: Tsipras had "torn down the last bridges over which Europe and Greece could move towards a compromise". One day later, however, Sigmar Gabriel made a U-turn: “The Greeks had his 'full respect' for their decisions. It is now important "not to let the country down." More than ever before, the people of Greece are dependent on the solidarity of their European partners. He advises all Europeans to "pause for a moment".

EU Parliament President Martin Schulz expressed the view that the result of the referendum did not put the Tsipras government in a better position. The Tsipras government must now submit proposals. But Greece could not expect that all the other 18 euro countries, whose parliaments and governments are also democratically legitimized, would accept Greece's wishes.

In internal consultations with the Greek government the night after the referendum, Finance Minister Yanis Varoufakis saw the people's rejection as reinforcement of a proposal that he had already made as an alternative to the closure of the banks that had been ordered a week earlier: issuing his own promissory notes, declaring a haircut Relation to Greek government bonds held by the ECB and taking control of the Greek central bank. In his opinion, these measures possibly leading to Grexit would have strengthened the Greek negotiating position. The proposal was again rejected.

Varoufakis resigned on the grounds that this would facilitate negotiations with the Eurogroup partners. His successor was the previous Vice Foreign Minister Efklidis Tsakalotos . Ex-Prime Minister Andonis Samaras , who had campaigned for a “yes” vote, also announced his resignation from the chairmanship of Nea Dimokratia .

On July 9, 2015, the Greek government sent a proposal signed by Prime Minister Tsipras to the Eurogroup, the content of which largely coincided with the proposal rejected in the referendum. After long negotiations, a compromise was found on July 13th. The Greek Parliament approved the compromise on July 15th by 229 votes in favor, 64 against, with 6 abstentions and one absentee. 32 of the 149 MPs of the ruling Syriza party voted no, while the opposition parties Neo Demokratia, Potami and PASOK voted yes.

On July 17, this vote resulted in a government reshuffle. Several Syriza left-wing ministers have been dismissed. The government is now supported by 123 of the 300 MPs and is to be continued as a minority government with the tolerance of the opposition in order to implement the austerity targets. After further votes in which the government would not have had a majority without a vote from the opposition, Prime Minister Tsipras resigned on August 20. On August 21, the left wing of SYRIZA split off and founded the Laiki Enotita . Syriza won the new elections scheduled for this on September 20, 2015 . On September 21, 2015, Tsipras began his second term as Prime Minister.

Web links

Commons : Greek referendum 2015  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Very unfortunate for the future of Greece" , on: zeit.de. Retrieved June 9, 2016.
  2. ↑ Papandreou announces referendum on haircut. In: sueddeutsche.de. Süddeutsche Zeitung , November 1, 2011, accessed on July 10, 2015 . Yiannis Sideris: Ρίσκα και αβεβαιότητες από την πολιτική «βόμβα» για δημοψήφισμα. In: skai.gr. Skai TV , October 31, 2011, accessed on July 10, 2015 ( Greek , translation: risks and uncertainties emanating from the political “bomb” of a referendum).
  3. ↑ Venizelos challenges Papandreou. In: handelsblatt.com. Handelsblatt , November 3, 2011, accessed on July 10, 2015 . Greek PM Papandreou 'ready to drop' bailout referendum. In: bbc.com. BBC , November 3, 2011, accessed on July 10, 2015 (English, translation: Greek PM Papandreou ready to “drop” the bailout referendum).
  4. ↑ Papandreou gives way - referendum canceled. In: sueddeutsche.de. Süddeutsche Zeitung, November 3, 2011, accessed on July 10, 2015 .
  5. ↑ Focus
  6. ↑ Eurogroup, 02/20/2015. Greece. In: consilium.europa.eu. Council of the EU and European Council , February 20, 2015, accessed on July 10, 2015 . Eurogroup statement on Greece. In: consilium.europa.eu. Council of the EU and European Council, February 20, 2015, accessed on July 10, 2015 (English, translation: Declaration by the Eurogroup on Greece (The document is only available in English.)). Renee Maltezou, Jan Strupczewski: Greece requests eurozone loan extension, offers big concessions. In: ekathimerini.com. Ekathimerini.com , February 19, 2015, accessed July 10, 2015 .
  7. ↑ "A temporary Grexit will strengthen Europe". “Such a referendum would be welcome”. In: faz.net. FAZ , May 4, 2015, accessed on July 10, 2015 . Papandreou in favor of a referendum on Greek program and negotiations. In: tovima.gr. To BHMA , May 4, 2015, accessed on July 10, 2015 (English, translation: Papandreou for a referendum on the Greek program and negotiations).
  8. ↑ Ralph Sina: The first meeting with the "institution". In: tagesschau.de. Tagesschau.de, February 13, 2015, accessed on July 10, 2015 .
  9. ↑ Table 1. Greece: Prior Actions. ( PDF ) In: spiegel.de. SPON , 25 June 2015, accessed 11 July 2015 (English, translation: Table 1. Greece: Priority Actions (The Institutions)). Table 1. Greece: Prior Actions. (PDF) In: spiegel.de. SPON, June 25, 2015, accessed July 10, 2015 (English, translation: Table 1. Greece: Priority Actions (Greek Government)).
  10. ↑ Eurogroup, 25/06/2015. In: consilium.europa.eu. Council of the EU and European Council, June 25, 2015, accessed on July 11, 2015 . The next attempt failed. In: tagesschau.de. Tagesschau.de, June 25, 2015, accessed on July 11, 2015 .
  11. ↑ Simon Zeise: Failed, six, set. In: jungewelt.de. Junge Welt , June 26, 2015, accessed July 11, 2015 .
  12. ↑ a b Table 1 - Greece: Priority Actions. (PDF) In: europa.eu. EU Commission , June 26, 2015, accessed on July 11, 2015 .
  13. ↑ On a knife edge. In: tagesschau.de. Tagesschau.de, June 26, 2015, archived from the original on June 28, 2015 ; Retrieved July 11, 2015 .
  14. ↑ Commission provides information on the latest proposals on Greece. In: europa.eu. EU Commission, June 28, 2015, accessed on July 11, 2015 .
  15. ↑ Tsipras wants his compatriots to vote. In: n-tv.de. n-tv , June 27, 2015, accessed on July 11, 2015 . Tsipras announces referendum on austerity program. (No longer available online.) In: .heute.de. today June 27, 2015, archived from the original on July 12, 2015 ; Retrieved July 11, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
     @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.heute.de
  16. ↑ Ελληνική Δημοκρατία: Υπουργείο Οικονομικών. (PDF) In: varoufakis.files.wordpress.com. Yanis Varoufakis , August 27, 2015, accessed July 11, 2015 (English, translation: Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Finance).
  17. ↑ Eurogroup, 27/06/2015. In: consilium.europa.eu. Council of the EU and European Council, June 27, 2015, accessed on July 11, 2015 . Eurogroup statement on Greece. In: consilium.europa.eu. Council of the EU and European Council, June 27, 2015, accessed on July 11, 2015 . René Höltschi: Greece is heading for bankruptcy. In: nzz.ch. NZZ , June 28, 2015, accessed on July 11, 2015 .
  18. ↑ Greek parliament votes for referendum. In: tagesschau.de. Tagesschau.de, June 28, 2015, accessed on July 11, 2015 . Greek parliament votes for referendum. In: faz.net. FAZ, June 28, 2015, accessed on July 11, 2015 . Why a referendum. (No longer available online.) In: referendum2015gov.gr. General Secretariat of Communication, archived from the original on July 6, 2015 ; accessed on July 11, 2015 (English, translation: Why a referendum). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.

     @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.referendum2015gov.gr
  19. ↑ Debt crisis: Greek parliament votes for referendum , Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, June 28, 2015
  20. ↑ The Tsipras government recommends a “proud no”. In: tagesanzeiger.ch. Tages-Anzeiger , June 29, 2015, accessed on July 11, 2015 . Yanis Varoufakis: Why we recommend a NO in the referendum - in 6 short bullet points. In: http://yanisvaroufakis.eu/ . July 1, 2015, accessed on July 11, 2015 (English, translation: Why we recommend a NO in the referendum - in 6 short bullet points).
  21. ↑ What should the Greeks vote on? In: tagesschau.de. Tagesschau.de, June 29, 2015, archived from the original on June 30, 2015 ; accessed on July 11, 2015 : “The basic problem is that this negotiation status is no longer valid after the negotiations are broken off. From the point of view of the three institutions (ECB, IMF and EU Commission), the survey would not be binding, because the Greeks should vote on a program that is no longer up for debate. "
  22. ↑ Holger Schwesinger: The absurd referendum. Council of Europe: Does not meet our standards. In: tagesschau.de. Tagesschau.de, July 2, 2015, accessed on July 11, 2015 .
  23. ^ Proposal of the institutions to the Greek Government (full text). (No longer available online.) In: referendum2015gov.gr. General Secretariat of Communication, May 29, 2015, archived from the original on July 6, 2015 ; accessed on July 11, 2015 (English, translation: proposal by the institutions to the Greek government (full text)). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.referendum2015gov.gr
  24. ↑ Waiting for Day X. Serious doubts about the referendum issue. In: tagesschau.de. Tagesschau.de, July 3, 2015, accessed on July 11, 2015 : “[...] In addition, Dombrovskis doubted the referendum question. It is "neither factually nor legally correct". The proposals by the EU Commission, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund, which are to be voted on, related to a loan program that has now expired, he said. "They also do not correspond to the last state of negotiations." [...] "
  25. ^ Constitution of Greece in German translation on www.verfassungen.eu.
  26. ^ Reforms for the completion of the Current Program and Beyond ( English ) Referendum 2015 gov. Archived from the original on March 9, 2016. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
  27. ↑ Preliminary Debt sustainability analysis ( English ) Referendum 2015 gov. Archived from the original on June 25, 2015. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
  28. ↑ Greek original text, according to Decree of the President of the Republic:
    "Πρέπει να γίνει αποδεκτό το σχέδιο συμφωνίας το οποίο κατέθεσαν η Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή , η Ευρωπαϊκή Κεντρική Τράπεζα και το Διεθνές Νομισματικό Ταμείο στο Euro Group της 25ης Ιουνίου και αποτελείται από δύο μέρη τα οποία συγκροτούν την ενιαία πρότασή τους; Το πρώτο έγγραφο τιτλοφορείται "b" ( "Μεταρρυθμίσεις για την ολοκλήρωση του τρέχοντος προγράμματος και πέραν αυτού ") και το δεύτερο "Preliminary Debt sustainability analysis" (Προκαταρκτική ανάλυση βιωσιμότητας χρέους). Οσοι από τους πολίτες της χώρας απορρίπτουν την πρόταση των θεσμών ψηφίζουν: ΔΕΝ ΕΓΚΡΙΝΕΤΑΙ / ΟΧΙ.
    Οσοι από τους πολίτες της χώρας συμφωνούν με την πρόταση των τριών θεσμών ψηφίζουν: ΕΓΚΡΙΝΕΤΑΙ / ΝΑΙ. »
    Decree of the President of the Republic of June 28, 2015, reproduced on antenna.gr
  29. ↑ Βενιζέλος: «Αντισυνταγματικό το δημοψήφισμα!" emea.gr, June 27, 2015, accessed June 27, 2015 (Greek).
  30. ↑ The Greek referendum question makes (almost) no sense. BBC News, June 29, 2015, accessed June 29, 2015 .
  31. ↑ Why the Greeks like to say “no” so much. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
  32. ↑ Information from the European Commission on the latest draft proposals in the context of negotiations with Greece , European Commission, June 28, 2015
  33. ↑ Tsipras did not want this deal from the Süddeutsche Zeitung of June 29, 2015
  34. ↑ ekathimerinicom, Council of State rejects appeal to suspend referendum , July 3, 2015
  35. ↑ Markus Bernath, Luise Ungerboeck: Referendum divides Greece and European partners , Der Standard, July 2, 2015
  36. ↑ http://m.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/eurokrise/griechenland/staatsrat-gericht-erlaubt-griechenland-referendum-13683265.html
  37. ^ Referendum takes place in Greece. In: tagesschau.de. Tagesschau.de, July 3, 2015, accessed on July 11, 2015 . Council of State rejects appeal to suspend referendum. In: ekathimerini.com. ekathimerini.com, July 3, 2015, accessed on July 11, 2015 (English, translation: State Council rejects appeal to suspend referendum).
  38. ↑ Τ. Κορωνάκης: Το περήφανο Όχι σημαίνει Αξιοπρέπεια , syriza.gr, June 27, 2015
  39. ↑ I Efimerida Πολιτική Γραμματεία ΣΥΡΙΖΑ: Καλεί το λαό να πει ηχηρό «όχι» , iefimerida.gr, June 27, 2015
  40. ↑ Οι ΑΝΕΛ στηρίζουν το 'όχι' στην πρόταση των θεσμών , news247.gr, June 27, 2015
    Of the 13 members of the ANEL, on July 2, 2015, four moved from the party line [1] , Ta Nea , 2. July 2015
  41. ↑ Μιχαλολιάκος: Η Χρυσή Αυγή είναι υπέρ του δημοψηφίσματος ( Memento from June 29, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), e-typos.com, June 27, 2015
  42. ↑ «Η κυβέρνηση εκτελεί σχέδιο εξόδου της χώρας από την Ευρώπη» , real.gr, June 27, 2015
  43. ↑ ΝΔ - Ποτάμι - ΠΑΣΟΚ: Το ερώτημα είναι ναι ή όχι στο ευρώ , patrastimes.gr, June 27, 2015
  44. ↑ http://inter.kke.gr/de/articles/Das-Referendum-vom-5-Juli-und-die-Haltung-der-KKE/
  45. ↑ Ekathemerini of June 29, 2015
  46. ↑ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung of June 30, 2015
  47. ↑ Greece crisis: No vote would mean euro exit, leaders warn. BBC News, June 29, 2015, accessed June 29, 2015 .
  48. ↑ Rédaction de France Info: Crise grecque: Juncker se sent "trahi" Obama et Hollande mobilizes. June 29, 2015, accessed on July 1, 2015 (French, Juncker said literally: “Je me sens un peu trahi” (source with link to audio playback)).
  49. ↑ Schulz on the Greek referendum: frustration and disappointment. tagesschau.de, July 2, 2015, accessed on July 2, 2015 .
  50. ^ Before the Greek referendum: Dijsselbloem brings Grexit into play. tagesschau.de, July 2, 2015, accessed on July 2, 2015 .
  51. ^ "Council of Europe criticizes the Greek referendum" report by the Reuters news agency
  52. ↑ UN human rights experts welcome Greek referendum and call for international solidarity. June 30, 2015, accessed July 6, 2015 .
  53. ↑ Greek Ministry of the Interior
  54. ↑ http://ekloges.ypes.gr/current/e/public/index.html
  55. ↑ Reuters: "German Calls for Grexit Mount as EU Stunned by 'No' Vote" New York Times of June 6, 2015
  56. ↑ "Greece Crisis: This is how German politics react to the referendum" Web.de of July 5, 2015
  57. ↑ Reactions to the referendum in Greece Merkel proposes a special EU summit. tagesschau.de, July 5, 2015, archived from the original on July 6, 2015 ; Retrieved July 6, 2015 .
  58. ↑ Stephan Haselberger: Greece after the referendum: Sigmar Gabriel: “Tsipras has torn down the last bridges”. Tagesspiegel, July 5, 2015, accessed on July 6, 2015 .
  59. ↑ Florian Gathmann: Gabriel and Greece: And again and again zigzag. In: Spiegel Online . July 6, 2015, accessed June 9, 2018 .
  60. ↑ EU parliamentary leader Schulz on the referendum "It is now the turn of the Tsipras government". tagesschau.de, July 5, 2015, archived from the original on July 6, 2015 ; Retrieved July 6, 2015 .
  61. ↑ Yannis Varoufakis: You have lured us into the trap. German Translation of an interview with the New Statesman from July 13, 2015, Neues Deutschland, accessed on July 18, 2015 .
  62. ↑ Greece debt crisis: Finance Minister Varoufakis resigns. BBC News, July 6, 2015, accessed July 6, 2015 .
  63. ↑ Stefan Kaiser: Resignation of Yanis Varoufakis: Farewell to a right-wing man. In: Spiegel Online . July 6, 2015, accessed June 9, 2018 .
  64. ↑ Greek opposition leader Samaras resigns. Focus, July 6, 2015, accessed July 6, 2015 .
  65. ↑ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung of July 10, 2015
  66. ^ Settlement in the debt dispute Die Zeit online edition, accessed on July 17, 2015
  67. ↑ Syriza accounts - but majority for reform package in derstand.at, accessed on July 17, 2015
  68. ^ Greece: Tsipras dismisses ten rebellious cabinet members in derstandard.at, accessed on July 18, 2015
  69. ↑ After Tsipras resignation: Left Syriza wing splits off in derstandard.at; accessed on August 23, 2015