Sânnicolau Mare
Sânnicolau Mare Grand Saint Nicholas Nagyszentmiklós |
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Basic data | ||||
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State : | Romania | |||
Historical region : | Banat | |||
Circle : | Timiș | |||
Coordinates : | 46 ° 4 ' N , 20 ° 38' E | |||
Time zone : | EET ( UTC +2) | |||
Height : | 82 m | |||
Area : | 136.77 km² | |||
Residents : | 12,312 (October 20, 2011) | |||
Population density : | 90 inhabitants per km² | |||
Postal code : | 305600 | |||
Telephone code : | (+40) 02 56 | |||
License plate : | TM | |||
Structure and administration (as of 2016) | ||||
Community type : | city | |||
Mayor : | Dănut Groza ( PNL ) | |||
Postal address : | St. Republicii, no. 15 loc. Sânnicolau Mare, jud. Timiș, RO-305600 |
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Website : |
Sânnicolau Mare [ sɨnnikoˌla.u ˈmare ] (also Sânnicolaul Mare , old spelling Sînnicolau Mare ; German Groß Sankt Nikolaus or Großsanktnikolaus , Hungarian Nagyszentmiklós ) is a town in the Timiş district , Banat , Romania with approx. 12,000 inhabitants.
Geographical location
Sânnicolau Mare is located in the far west of Romania, 64 km northwest of Timișoara . It is a border town and is about 8 kilometers from Hungary and 25 kilometers from Serbia . It is located on the banks of the Aranka , once a tributary of the Marosch flowing six kilometers to the north .
Neighboring places
Kiszombor | Cenad | Nădlac |
Dudeștii Vechi | Saravale | |
Teremia Mare | Tomnatic | Sânpetru Mare |
history
In the 2nd century AD, the Romans built a fort that secured the road that ran along the Marosch . The place was first mentioned in a document in 1334 under the name Sanctus Michael . After the Peace of Passarowitz on July 21, 1718, after 164 years of Turkish rule, the Banat was attached to the Habsburg Monarchy and, as the imperial crown and chamber domain, was subordinated to the Vienna government. The Habsburg colonization of the Banat began with the so-called Swabian trains . The city received the name Großsanktnikolaus in the 18th century when Germans settled here.
The Hungarian composer Béla Bartók was born here on March 25, 1881 .
The Nagyszentmiklós treasure , an important gold treasure found in 1799 by the farmer 'Pera Vuin' while digging in his garden, is now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna . It consists of 23 early medieval gold vessels with a total weight of almost 10 kg. The ethnic and art-historical classification of this treasure is not entirely clear; the vessels were probably made between the 7th and 9th centuries . Finds of Avar graves with runic inscriptions on bones correspond to the runes of Nagyszentmiklós, so that it cannot be ruled out that the gold finds are also of Avar origin. Bulgarian origin is also possible, as the First Bulgarian Empire ruled the region at that time .
The urban development of Grand Saint Nicholas is closely linked to the Nakó family of counts. The family history of the Nakós goes back to the Middle Ages: According to the documents, the family comes from the Greek market town of Dogriani in Macedonia . The first Nakós in the Banat were a couple of Greek brothers from the middle of the 18th century. By Cristoph Nako , (* 1745), the first Nako generation from Great St. Nicholas comes from. In 1919 the family moved to Hungary . The castle in the town center, built by Nakó Kalman in 1864, and the Catholic parish church donated by the family are still reminiscent of the noble family. In the 20th century, the count's fort was alternately the seat of the Iron Guard, barracks, tractorist school, Béla Bartók museum, house of pioneers and, after the fall of the Wall, a disco and fitness studio. Today the Nakó Castle is a cultural center and city museum.
Nagyszentmiklós belonged to the Hungarian county of Torontál until 1920 and then came to Romania as a result of the Trianon Peace Treaty in June 1920 . The former Cistercian abbey of Igriș is about 10 kilometers to the northeast .
As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between the ages of 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work .
The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods. The expropriated land was distributed to smallholders, farm workers and colonists from other parts of the country. From 1949 the collectivization of agriculture was gradually initiated. Through the Nationalization Act of June 11, 1948 , all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies were nationalized regardless of ethnicity.
Since the population along the Romanian-Yugoslav border was classified as a security risk by the Romanian government after the rift between Stalin and Tito and his exclusion from the Cominform alliance, "politically unreliable elements" were deported to the Bărăgan on June 18, 1951 . Steppe regardless of ethnicity. At the same time, the Romanian leadership aimed to break the resistance against the impending collectivization of agriculture. When the Bărăgan abductees returned home in 1956, the houses and farms expropriated in 1945 were returned to them. However, the field ownership was collectivized.
Demographics
count | nationality | |||||||
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year | Residents | Romanians | German | Hungary | other | |||
1880 | 10,836 | 3528 | 1219 | 4678 | 1411 | |||
1900 | 12,639 | 4179 | 1928 | 1586 | 1335 | |||
1930 | 10,676 | 4289 | 1474 | 3842 | 1071 | |||
1977 | 12,811 | 7970 | 1395 | 2434 | 1012 | |||
1992 | 13,083 | 9609 | 1389 | 770 | 1315 | |||
2002 | 12,914 | 10.127 | 1150 | 379 | 1258 | |||
2011 | 12,312 | 9074 | 890 | 259 | 2089 |
Personalities
- Béla Bartók (1881–1945), composer
- Peter Mayer (1885 – after 1950), administrative officer, district administrator of Kehl
- Hans Röhrich (1899–1988), surgeon and university lecturer
- Wilhelm Totok (1921–2017), author, editor and librarian
- Hans Haas (* 1939), local historian and author
- Hans Dama (* 1944), writer
- Werner Kremm (* 1951), journalist and author
- Anton Sterbling (* 1953), sociologist and educator
- Peter-Dietmar Leber (* 1959), Federal Chairman and Federal Managing Director of the Landsmannschaft of the Banat Swabians
- Sabrin Sburlea (* 1989), football player
Partner and friendships
Sânnicolau Mare entertains
- Partnerships:
- Kazincbarcika in Hungary
- Makó in Hungary
- Battonya in Hungary
- Friendship:
See also
literature
- Franz Wolz / Peter-Dietmar Leber: Heimatbuch Großsanktnikolaus im Banat. Contributions to the history of the Germans in town . Rohrbach Ilm 2005, ISBN 3-922979-03-3 .
- Ioan Romoșan: Monografia orașului Sînnicolau Mare , Editura Solness, Timișoara, 2000, ISBN 973-8145-09-0 .
- Hans Haas: The noble family Nakó de Nagyszentmiklós. The rise and fall of a count dynasty , Verlag Banatul Montan Reschitza 2011, ISBN 978-973-1929-42-2 .
- Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf: The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe München GmbH, Munich, 2011, 670 pages, ISBN 3-922979-63-7 .
Web links
- hog-grosssanktnikolaus , (private page)
- Hometown community Großsanktnikolaus at banater-schwaben.org
- picasaweb ( Memento from May 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), pictures from Sânnicolau Mare
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB)
- ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)
- ↑ adz.ro , ADZ , Balthasar Waitz : Hidden and Forgotten , accessed on September 18, 2011
- ↑ Varga E. Census data for Timiş county 1880 - 1992 (PDF; 897 kB)
- ^ ADZ conversation with the local historian from Großsanktnikolaus, Hans Haas, on September 14, 2016, accessed on May 3, 2017
- ↑ Peter-Dietmar Leber new federal chairman ( Memento from May 24, 2014 in the Internet Archive )