Big small

This article deals with the Rostock district of Groß Klein, a municipality in Styria is called Großklein .

Big small City of Rostock Coordinates: 54 ° 9 ′ 1 ″  N , 12 ° 4 ′ 50 ″  E
Height :	3 m above sea level NN
Area :	2.8 km²
Residents :	13,509  (Dec. 31, 2017)
Population density :	4,825 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	March 8, 1934
Postal code :	18109
Area code :	0381
Location of Groß Klein in Rostock

Groß Klein is a district in the northwest of the city of Rostock ( Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , Germany), which borders the Rostock districts Lütten Klein and Lichtenhagen to the west, the Schmarl district to the south, the Seebad Warnemünde district to the north and the Unterwarnow to the east . Between Groß Klein and Schmarl is the site of the former International Horticultural Exhibition 2003 , today's IGA Park.

history

View from the traditional "Frieden" ship to the district

Name meaning

Today's district “Groß Klein” is first mentioned in a document in 1364 as “dudesche klene”, which means something like “German maple place”. The origin of the naming for "Groß Klein" and the neighboring district of Lütten Klein dates back to the time when the Wends and Teutons lived here together, but in separate settlements. Accordingly, today's "Lütten Klein" was called "wendeske klene" (Wendish maple place) at the time, which was first mentioned in 1345.

18th century to the end of the Second World War

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Groß Klein gradually moved away from its peripheral location. Although the village only benefited marginally from the Rostock-Warnemünde railway (no station of its own), the road conditions improved during this period (construction of roads in Mecklenburg ) and thus a reduction in travel times to Rostock and Warnemünde. As early as 1911, and thus quite early compared to other parts of Mecklenburg, Groß Klein was connected to the power grid.

From the old village of Groß Klein, a number of buildings still exist today, including barns and thatched Low German hall houses , which for centuries dominated rural architecture in the coastal area of ​​the Baltic Sea .

Before the Second World War, the construction of a freight station for Warnemünde and the aircraft industry there was planned in the area of ​​today's residential area.

The community, incorporated on March 8, 1934, was originally a boat building village. This is remembered today by the street names derived from shipbuilding professions. In 1937/38 an aviation school was opened in Groß Klein, which was also converted into a military hospital during World War II . Parts of a nursing home are housed in the building today.

In 1942, the Stalingrad settlement for employees of the armaments factories in Warnemünde was built west of the village across the road and railroad to Warnemünde . After the Second World War it was called Groß Klein Siedlung . With the emergence of the new building area Lichtenhagen , the settlement was surrounded by prefabricated buildings and today forms Grabower Strasse in the Lichtenhagen district.

Despite the nearby Arado aircraft works , which were roughly on the site of today's Warnow shipyard , the village was spared war damage from misdirected bombs.

Time of the GDR

The opposite bank of the Warnow on Breitling resulting Harbor led to changes in Großklein. In 1978 the new building of the See fire station of the Rostock professional fire brigade was opened in the north of Groß Klein on the Warnowufer. The fire-fighting boat Albert Wegener is stationed there and is used in the event of an accident on board ships or in the port. The prevailing main wind direction is behind the emergency services when approaching the port.

As early as the GDR era, a small bungalow-style housing estate was built between the old village and the prefabricated building district, as well as some allotment gardens near the Warnow.

1979–1983 prefabricated building

Panel building in Groß Klein 1979

On March 21, 1979, "In the new building area Groß-Klein ... the first slab was set". By 1983, the last of five residential areas in the north-west of Rostock was the large-scale housing estate Groß Klein in prefabricated construction with 8,200 apartments for around 21,000 people . Starting in the core area until 1983, the Dänenberg residential area was built to the south and the so-called Quartier IV to the north .

The Groß Klein prefabricated building area has similarities with the previously created districts of Lichtenhagen and Schmarl. At the same time, high-rise buildings (9-11 floors) were erected for the last time here, as well as on the "Platz der Freunde" ( Südstadt ), which was built at the same time . Long blocks were also created in Groß Klein. It is characteristic here that these bend at a 105 ° angle and thus form half or three-quarter rings that are relatively sheltered from the often strong winds. Overall, however, the residential area was more Spartan than the previously built new districts, but the window areas were even larger than in the subsequently built residential complexes . The use of brown-red ceramic tiles to design the facade elements in the Rostock prefabricated building areas is reminiscent of the north German brick tradition and is an architectural characteristic of Rostock industrial housing.

In addition to the apartments, a central development with a pedestrian zone was planned, which would have acted as a bracket between the northern and southern parts on both sides of the four-lane connecting road (see section "Traffic") to Lichtenhagen and through it. Important supply and leisure facilities would have been arranged here. Starting from this pedestrian area, a pedestrian tunnel was planned under the S-Bahn (with access to the platform) and through the city motorway, which would have reduced the barrier effect of both traffic axes. In the end, all of this was foregone, so that the prefabricated housing estate became just a dormitory town . "The sociocultural infrastructure (...) consisted of seven schools (68th to 74th POS) and a central school catering , eight daycare centers, three department stores and basic medical care from two small youth clubs, a restaurant and a handful of service facilities".

The location on the banks of the Unterwarnow, which is several hundred meters wide, with the harbor on the opposite side, which is of great urban development interest, was not included in the planning and design of the residential area; the corresponding areas are largely unused to this day. However, the upper floors of the eastern perimeter development offer attractive views of large areas of water and shipping traffic.

After reunification

The new economic opportunities after reunification offered the Rostock residents numerous alternatives to living in a prefabricated building.

Because the state of construction was still good at the time of the fall of the Wall, urban redevelopment did not begin in Groß Klein until 1999, when many residents had already left the residential area. Vacancies in apartments led to partial demolitions in the course of the renovation work by the funding programs Stadtumbau Ost and Die Soziale Stadt , as a result of which the housing stock was renovated and the living environment improved. The settlement density is lower than in the times of the GDR.

The renovation was carried out with varying degrees of effort, such as retrofitting with elevators or with additional balconies. The buildings were designed with intense colors so that the original, strict, but also monotonous appearance was lost. With the Likedeeler Hof a new residential complex was built and recently (2016) another new building is planned.

In the area of ​​the old village, numerous new single and semi-detached houses have been built, which, although they have no relation to the historical building fabric, retain the village character in a certain way.

Population development

date	Residents
December 31, 1992	22,278
December 31, 2000	13,487
December 31, 2016	13,383

Information from the population register and the urban area atlas.

traffic

Street

A generous traffic development with crossing-free connection to the city ​​motorway was designed . For this purpose, a four-lane east-west road was to connect (today's) Mecklenburger Allee with Groß Kleiner Allee. In the early 1990s, this road, which was supposed to lead west to Elmenhorst, was part of traffic planning. The areas kept free for this can still be seen today. In addition, multi-storey car parks were also planned, which were to be arranged between the residential development and the S-Bahn line. In addition, the four-lane connection between Werftallee and Schmarler Damm was planned. The economic possibilities and the political pressure for efficient construction did not allow this planning to be implemented. In fact, only rudiments of the road planning were built.

There is a short distance of only about 2 to 3 km to the center of Warnemünde, so that the beach of Warnemünde as a local recreation area can be reached quickly by bike or car.

Local public transport

The former route of the Rostock-Warnemünde railway line led over the area of ​​today's Groß Klein and was completely overbuilt by this district. In contrast, a completely new S-Bahn line was opened in 1974 . Since then, there has been an access option for adults and children at the Lichtenhagen S-Bahn station, which was already available before construction began. The S-Bahn station could only be reached from larger parts of the new district via longer footpaths (> 1 km); a second S-Bahn station, originally planned, was not built. Therefore, a supplementary bus development was necessary. Despite the frequent rhythm, long footpaths were preserved, especially in the northern part of Groß Klein. Only with an extension and improvement of the line routing (including a connection to the Lichtenhagen S-Bahn station) that took place after the reunification, there are now relatively comfortable travel options.

economy

Groß Klein as a purely residential area is not a significant business location, but the industrial location Warnemünde (shipyards, diesel engine plant ) is directly adjacent to the north. After the fall of the Wall, temporary new sales areas were created in tents. The Klenow-Tor gallery was opened on November 11, 1994. A few supermarkets, snack bars, savings bank branches, pharmacies, medical practices and a petrol station complete the local supply. There is also a commercial educational institution.

Social and Religion

The Groß Klein care home has been significantly enlarged since the fall of the Wall. There is a senior citizens' club, since 2005 a district and meeting center ("Börgerhus") and a branch of the city library. The volunteer fire brigade with 70 members (2016), founded in 1860, is located in the district.

From 1985 the Evangelical Lutheran Church was represented with a church car (construction wagon). The parishes of Schmarl and Groß Klein, today's riverside parish, succeeded in building one of the few new Protestant churches in the GDR . The "Brücke" community center was built until 1988 with West German donations and materials, also from the partner community in Bad Salzuflen .

Personalities

The writer Fritz Meyer-Scharffenberg lived in Groß Klein until his death in 1975. A street in the Fritz-Meyer-Scharffenberg-Weg district was named in his honor . Rapper Marten Laciny, known as Marteria and Marsimoto , grew up big and small.

Monuments

• In the street “ Groten Enn ” in the village of Groß Klein, there is a preserved crossborder building of the Hanseatic City of Rostock. The term "Büdner" comes from "Bude". The Büdner only ran small farms and worked in other professions. Cross-border buildings are therefore monuments not only of building but also of economic history, typical of the region and testify to changes in agriculture around 1850.
• The former Aviation Pre-School of the Aradowerke is also on Rostock's list of monuments and is a reminder of the once important aircraft (arms) industry.
• In the village of Groß Klein there is a memorial for those who died in the First World War .

Remarkable

• The northern edge of Groß Klein is in danger of flooding during storm floods in the Baltic Sea. Until the 18th century, the area was still part of the marsh landscape of the Warnow estuary with numerous small watercourses and open water areas. The Laak Canal with its pond-like extensions still testifies to this today .
• The location near the Baltic Sea apparently creates good conditions for the sea buckthorn , which grows wild in Groß Klein.

Web links

Commons : Big Small  - Collection of pictures, videos, and audio files

• Side of the district office

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Population by city area on rathaus.rostock.de
2. ↑ ostsee-zeitung.de: The big and the small Ahornort. Retrieved August 17, 2018 . 
3. ↑ Dr. U. Krüger, Dipl. Ing. J. Reich: Rostock's energy supply . VEB German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1969, p. 27 .
4. ↑ M. Brungs: On the importance of Dr. Karl Baumgartens and his legacy for village renewal and landscape planning in the Rostock area . Ed .: Diploma thesis in the field of landscape architecture, geoinformatics, geodesy and civil engineering. Digital library of the University of Neubrandenburg, Neubrandenburg 2008 ( hs-nb.de [PDF]).
5. ↑ ^{a b c d e} author collective, u. a. Dr. Karl Baumgarten, Christoph Weinhold: Lichtenhäger mosaic . In: Stadtarchiv Rostock (ed.): Small series of publications by the Rostock city archive . 1986, p. 8, 22, 31 .
6. ↑ ^{a b} Lothar Schultz, Josef Temmen: S-Bahn Rostock . Neddermeyer, Berlin 2014, p. 19, 28, 29 .
7. ↑ private homepage of a former fire brigade employee in Rostock: Feuerwache See. Retrieved October 15, 2016 (The source is believed to be reliable as there are numerous historical photos, etc., to prove the author's expertise on the subject). 
8. ↑ State Office for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Geology Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: Air quality measuring station Hohe Düne measurement results 2015 . Güstrow March 2015, p. 12 ( mv-regierung.de [PDF] sample document: main wind direction is southwest).
9. ↑ ^{a b} Karsten Schröder, Ingo Koch: Rostocker Chronik . Neuer Hochschulschriftenverlag, 1999, p. 344, 410 .
10. ↑ ^{a b} Karsten Schröder: Rostock's city history . Ed .: Karsten Schröder. Hinstorff, Rostock 2013, p. 326, 328 .
11. ^ ^{A b} University of Rostock, Institute for Sociology: Social Atlas of the Hanseatic City of Rostock . Ed .: University of Rostock, Institute for Sociology. Rostock 1998, p. 30–32 ( uni-rostock.de [PDF]). Social Atlas of the Hanseatic City of Rostock ( Memento of the original from October 18, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
12. ↑ openstreetmap contributors: Openstreetmap. Retrieved on October 15, 2016 (The ring structures can be clearly seen when looking at the map or at aerial or satellite images.). 
13. ↑ Ecowetter. Retrieved on October 15, 2016 (The validity of the information cannot be checked. At least nothing suggests a lack of plausibility. The main wind direction corresponds to the information in other sources.). 
14. ^ Office for Urban Planning Rostock: Residential area Groß-Klein, Wohngruppe 5, area conception . Ed .: Institute for Urban Development and Architecture of the Building Academy of the GDR - ISA, Department Residential Areas and New Buildings / Assessment of Residential Areas. Signature: A_05_13_02-02. Rostock February 28, 1977.
15. ^ ^{A b c} Rostock Society for Urban Renewal, Urban Development and Housing mbH (RGS): 25 years of urban renewal in Rostock, 1990–2015 . Ed .: Hanseatic City of Rostock. Rostock 2015, p. 74 ff . ( rgs-rostock.de [PDF]).
16. ↑ Hanseatic City of Rostock: Meeting of the local advisory board for large and small on January 19, 2016. Hanseatic City of Rostock, meeting service, accessed on October 15, 2016 . 
17. ^ Hanseatic City of Rostock: Hanseatic City of Rostock. In: official homepage of the ´Stadt Rostock, u. a. with statistical materials. Retrieved October 15, 2016 . 
18. ^ Hanseatic City of Rostock: Hanseatic City of Rostock. In: City Area Atlas. Retrieved September 12, 2017 . 
19. ↑ Hanseatic City of Rostock: Draft of the general traffic plan 1992 of the Hanseatic city of Rostock, Plan 5 "Main Road Network Planning" . Ed .: Hanseatic City of Rostock. Rostock 1992.
20. ↑ ^{a b} Office for Urban Planning Rostock: residential area large-small, traffic development and variant of stationary traffic . Ed .: Institute for Urban Development and Architecture of the Building Academy of the GDR - ISA, Department Residential Areas and New Buildings / Assessment of Residential Areas. Signature: A_05_13_02-02. Rostock October 25, 1974 ( digipeer.de - For the second S-Bahn station for adults and children there is the comment "with electrification" (this was done without the construction of the additional station, 1985)).
21. ↑ ^{a b c} Hanseatic City of Rostock: Geoport Rostock. (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; Retrieved on October 15, 2016 (for the earlier shoreline of the Warnow / Laak marshes, see the "Wiebeking" map from 1786, for the risk of flooding see the corresponding activated topic flood).  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.    
22. ^ Local transport Rostock: Timetable and information 90/91 . Ed .: Local transport Rostock. Rostock 1990, p. Schedule tables line 37 .
23. ↑ Living in Rostock GmbH (WIRO): Wiro Aktuell . Ed .: Wiro GmbH. No. 02/2016 . Rostock 2016, p. 13 .
24. ^ Voluntary fire brigade large and small: Voluntary fire brigade large and small. Retrieved October 15, 2016 . 
25. ↑ Evangelical Lutheran Ufergemeinde Schmarl - Groß Klein: History Ufergemeinde Schmarl - Groß Klein. Retrieved October 15, 2016 .