Hauenstein (Grazer Bergland)

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Hauenstein
Hauenstein from the southwest

Hauenstein from the southwest

height 650  m above sea level A.
location Styria , Austria
Mountains Grazer Bergland , foothills east of the Mur
Dominance 0.8 km →  Lineckberg
Notch height 27 m ↓  straight saddle
Coordinates 47 ° 7 '30 "  N , 15 ° 29' 18"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 7 '30 "  N , 15 ° 29' 18"  E
Hauenstein (Grazer Bergland) (Styria)
Hauenstein (Grazer Bergland)
rock Schöcklkalk
Age of the rock Paleozoic
particularities Considerable diversity of vascular plants, fungi and insects
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The Hauenstein is a 650  m above sea level. A. high hill in the Grazer Bergland in the Austrian state of Styria . It is located in the northeast of the provincial capital Graz and is characterized by an extremely high biodiversity . In particular, the abandoned Kollermichl quarry developed into a secondary biotope for heat-loving plant and insect species.

Location and surroundings

The Hauenstein is located in the north of the Graz district of Mariatrost, not far from the municipality border with Weinitzen . It rises to the northwest above the Föllinger basin and northeast above the village of Wenisbuch . On the west side the Linecksattel ( 623  m ) separates the Hauenstein from the Lineckberg , in all other directions the terrain drops steeply. The Rettenbach rises on the south side of the mountain, which forms the gorge of the same name from kilometer two onwards , and the Tullbach. Both flow into the Mariatroster Bach . The Hauenstein is part of the landscape protection area of ​​the northern and eastern hill country of Graz (LSG-30) and can be reached from two sides on hiking trails.

Geology and geomorphology

Kollermichl quarry

Geologically, the Hauenstein belongs to the Graz Paleozoic and is the southernmost elevation of this lithology on the left bank of the Mur , which clearly towers above the Tertiary hill country. The mountain is made up of Schöcklkalk , which is covered in the west (Lineckberg) by phyllites and black slate as well as reddish clay with reclaimed slate. In the south and east, where the geological transition to the Miocene gravel and sands takes place, there are inclusions of Eggenberger breccia .

The Kollermichl quarry , which was closed in 1954, is located on the southeast flank of the Hauenstein . From the 185 m long and 60 m deep system for mining Schöcklkalk, an approximately 26 m high, south-south-east exposed rock face is still preserved. The excavation floor was partially filled with foreign material in 1998 and is now freely accessible. Remains of a lime kiln were still preserved on the Lineck saddle in the 1990s . Of mineralogical interest were finds of calcite -Zwillingen and columnar, to 1.5 cm long individuals of staurolite .

Flora and fauna

As the records of a butterfly collector from 1935 show, the Hauenstein used to be called the Celtic Hill . The hill is characterized by a certain favorable climate, which was used for viticulture in the 19th century, for example . Up until the middle of the 20th century, the mountain presented itself as a dry meadow partly made up of loose bushes . After that, the area was gradually forested and the quarry developed into an important secondary biotope for thermophilic and xerophilic animal and plant species due to the lack of renaturation measures . Heinz Habeler proposed that some of these species might have migrated from the Mediterranean as early as the Middle Ages . In 2008 the city of Graz bought an 8.5 hectare area around the quarry, which has been looked after by the Naturschutzbund since then . The focus is on a biotope management plan to maintain the continuously updated species population. In 2013, the Hauenstein served the natural history department at the Universalmuseum Joanneum as an illustrative example on the subject of “Biodiversity on the doorstep”. A planned designation as a nature reserve is still pending.

flora

Pioneer vegetation at the bottom of the Kollermichl quarry

The Hauenstein lies in the vegetation level of the mixed deciduous forest , which is dominated by oak and hornbeam up to a height of 500  m and above by the red beech . There are 15 different habitat types or small habitats on the hill , which can be divided into forest and grassland biotopes . The largest proportion of the area is taken up by thermophilic and mesophilic beech forests, which are grown in particularly warm locations by shrubs such as the common whitebeam and the rare service tree . In the herb layer, orchids such as red and white forest birds benefit from the favorable climate, while grape germander and rosemary fireweed adapt to the lean limestone soils. The tree population also includes sessile oak , field maple , winter linden , sweet chestnut and English oak . The red pine occurs in the secondary population . The rock penetrated north side of the mountain is of shady, moist habitats with wild garlic and cyclamen , and spruce forest with blow halls and Ruderalarten determined. In addition to semi- arid grassland, pioneer plants such as silver birch , aspen and willow have settled at the quarry . The xerothermal locations there are in danger due to the increasing vegetation on the rock face. A few wet and fat meadows exist on the southern slopes of the mountain .

Between 2004 and 2016, a total of 470 species of vascular plants were found at Hauenstein , of which one is completely and 26 are partially protected . Six of those under protection are in turn endangered to different degrees . 38 species were classified as neophytes , 13 of them as invasive . In October 2010 it was also possible to collect 278 types of mushrooms , including ashlar mushrooms such as green-yellow gelatinous cap and pit laurel or leaf mushrooms such as gold-liquid milkling and coconut flake-milkling . Also worth mentioning are the occurrences of violet belt foot , poisonous hackling and deceptive hair-raising , as well as eleven species from the snail family . Of the edible mushrooms, various types of chanterelle and black-fiber knight stand out.

fauna

Yellow ribbon

Old wood on the mountain is used by some bird species, including great spotted woodpecker , gray woodpecker , green woodpecker and black woodpecker as a habitat and source of food. Live on the heat-favored rocks and slopes wall lizard and slow worm . Among the numerous insect families who take butterflies with nearly 800 occurring day and moth species a special role. Certain species were able to move from the growing dry meadows to the quarry area. An important representative of the owl butterflies is the endangered yellow ribbon , the caterpillars of which feed on blackthorn , hawthorn and oak. For this reason, several dozen English oaks were planted and protected from being bitten by game . Other species of butterflies that are protected are the Great Fire Butterfly and the Spanish Flag . The occurrence of more than 100 different wild bee species is no less important . The long-legged pill turner is also endemic to the state . Other endangered insect species on the Hauenstein are stag beetles and praying mantis .

Literature and maps

Web links

Commons : Hauenstein  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Landscape protection area No. 30. (PDF) State of Styria , accessed on May 30, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Digital Atlas of Styria: Geology & Geotechnics. State of Styria , accessed on May 28, 2019 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Renate Höllriegl: Habitats and vascular plants at Hauenstein (Graz). In: Joannea Botanik , Volume 13, Universalmuseum Joanneum , Graz 2016, pp. 21–49. Online PDF , accessed May 30, 2019.
  4. ^ Heinrich Hönig: Some interesting aspects on the geology of the Graz city district Mariatrost. In: Report on the 1st Natural History Workshop Graz. Stadtbaudirektion and nature conservation officer of the city of Graz 1995, pp. 14–31.
  5. ↑ Helmut wing : The geology of the Grazer Bergland. In: Communications from the Department of Geology, Paleontology and Mining at the Landesmuseum Joanneum , Graz 1975, p. 13. Online PDF , accessed on May 30, 2019.
  6. ↑ a b Heinz Habeler : Status of the inventory of butterflies in the Hauenstein quarry in Graz (Lepidoptera). In: Joannea Zool. , Volume 12, Universalmuseum Joanneum , Graz 2012, pp. 29–47. Online PDF , accessed July 3, 2019.
  7. ^ Hans Andrej: Praying mantis house in Grazer Steinbruch. In: Kleine Zeitung , edition of August 15, 2008, pp. 28–29.
  8. ↑ Gerald Richter: New natural jewel on the outskirts of Graz. Kronen Zeitung , September 29, 2008, accessed on June 4, 2019 .
  9. ↑ a b Naturschutzbund Steiermark (Hrsg.): Naturraum Hauenstein. Information board at the Kollermichl quarry. photo
  10. ↑ a b c Naturschutzbund Steiermark (Ed.): Fauna & Flora. Information board at the Kollermichl quarry. photo
  11. ↑ Pilze am Hauenstein (Graz, Mariatrost). Universalmuseum Joanneum , October 7, 2010, accessed on May 30, 2019 .
  12. ↑ a b Care work at Hirschböck Feuchtwiese and Hauenstein. State of Styria , accessed on May 30, 2019 .