Most Holy Trinity (Augsburg)

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Most Holy Trinity Church in 2018
The church portal

The catholic parish church Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit is the oldest church in Augsburg-Kriegshaber . Its patronage is “ Most Holy Trinity ”. Originally neo-Gothic, the listed church is now in a state with no clear architectural style after structural changes, destruction and reconstruction.

The Kriegshaberer Dreifaltigkeitskirche belongs to the deanery Augsburg II . Since 2005 it has formed the Augsburg-Kriegshaber parish community together with the Church of St. Thaddäus .

location

The church is located in the old town center of Kriegshaber. It is located on the south side of Ulmer Strasse, diagonally across from the Kriegshaber Synagogue , near the intersection of Ulmer Strasse with Kriegshaberstrasse and Neusässer Strasse.

history

The church in its original state, neo-Gothic

Catholic chapels in warrior

The village of Kriegshaber at the gates of Augsburg did not initially have its own church. Its Catholic residents belonged to the parish of St. Peter and Paul in the neighboring village of Oberhausen to the east .

However, since 1689 there was a Catholic chapel " Mariä Visitation " in Kriegshaber . This chapel was demolished in 1717 and replaced by the new building of a larger chapel with the same patronage at a different location (northwest of the intersection of Ulmer Strasse and Neusässer Strasse). In 1816 this was enlarged again.

In the years 1883/1885, after the construction of the church, the chapel was demolished because it was in disrepair. Your baroque altar has been preserved and is used as the “Marstaller Altar” on Corpus Christi . Two oil paintings were placed in the side chapel of the Kobel Church in Westheim and statues of the twelve apostles in the parish church of St. Gallus in Steppach . The last parts of the chapel building were preserved until after 1920.

Building the church

In 1858, a cemetery was inaugurated northeast of the Ulmer Strasse / Neusässer Strasse intersection , as the cemetery in Oberhausen had reached its capacity limit. In the following year an expositur was founded in Kriegshaber and in 1864 it was raised to a separate parish . In 1866 the construction of the parish church in neo-Gothic style began under the Augsburg architect Max Treu . The brick building is a standard design by the architect, very similar to that of St. Ulrich in Königsbrunn . The church was founded on May 31, 1868 benediziert and on September 21, 1873 consecrated .

The nave got a width of 16 and a length of 24 meters, the choir a width of 8 and a length of 12 meters. The outer walls were raised to a height of 12 meters and a gable roof was placed on top . The church tower was originally 46 meters high and had a steeper spire than today.

The original furnishings of the church contained a neo-Gothic choir altar , which was created by the Augsburg carpenter and sculptor Karl Ebner . It was adorned with an altarpiece of the Most Holy Trinity, painted by Liberat Hundred Pounds . The Munich sculptor Johann Riedmiller designed the figures. The two neo-Gothic side altars added in 1872, the Marienaltar in the south and the Joseph Altar in the north, were also made by Ebner and Hundertpfunds. Karl Ebner also created a neo-Gothic pulpit and two confessionals .

Further design

The interior of the church in its original state, neo-Gothic

In 1881 the existing painted way of the cross was replaced by one made of bas-reliefs . In 1892 a new tabernacle (by Karl Saumweber) with reliefs and angel figures by Max Fahrnberger was built. From 1896 to 1898, apostle figures crowned with pointed towers followed from the sculptor's studio Karl Port in Augsburg, which were installed in the choir and between the windows in the nave . In 1903 two stained glass windows with depictions of the baptism of Christ and the Annunciation were added to the choir , which came from Franz Xaver Zettler's glass painting in Munich . In 1906 the warrior painter Josef Becher revised the painting of the church. The previously painted capitals are now massive. The grooved ceiling received a ceiling painting by the painter Degenhart, which depicted the coronation of Mary. The floor of the service room was covered with Solnhofen tiles .

Redesign (changed church tower and objectification)

The church was partially redesigned from 1925 to 1929 by Michael Kurz , who is also the builder of several other Augsburg churches ( Herz-Jesu-Kirche , St. Anton , St. Joseph , St. Konrad ). A new gallery staircase belongs to these conversions . Since the 46-meter-high church tower, whose pointed spire was 13 meters, had become dilapidated, in 1929 it had to be removed down to the bottom of the belfry . According to Kurz's plans, the tower was rebuilt in a functional style with a less steep pointed spire to its current height of 37 meters. He was equipped with a new tower clock. For outdoor renovation, the nave lost its neo-Gothic window strip cornices and tracery that have been preserved only in the windows. The red brick masonry was plastered and the roof, originally covered with a decorative pattern, was re-covered without any decorations.

As part of a renovation from 1936 to 1941, which was headed by the Augsburg architect Karl Ostertag, the neo-Gothic interior was finally removed. The neo-Gothic wooden altars with their structures, pictures and figures were replaced by new ones made of marble. Figures of the four Latin church fathers created by the Munich sculptor Oswald Hofmann were placed to the side of the central tabernacle of the new main altar. Of these, Augustine and Ambrose are in the baptistery today. Hofmann also made a trinity group above the main altar, as well as a sculpture of the Holy Spirit for the sound cover of a new pulpit with figures of the four evangelists . Two of them are now in the side chapel. The communion bench and the side altars were also redesigned .

The original altarpieces of the side altars are now in the meeting room of the rectory.

Destruction in World War II and reconstruction

During the Second World War, the church was largely destroyed by high-explosive bombs and incendiary bombs in a bomb attack on Augsburg on July 16, 1944 , a Sunday . The steeple and choir remained in place, but the rest of the church was leveled to the ground except for the west wall. The Trinity group was preserved and hangs over the altar to this day.

Interior (2018)

From 1948 the demolition of the ruins and the reconstruction of the church began at the same place under the direction of Michael Kurz. The foundations and bricks could be reused. During the reconstruction, two aisles were added and the nave was extended by one yoke to six bays, with the preserved west wall being removed. This enabled the number of seats to be increased from 350 to 450. The windows, which were pointed arched before the destruction, were designed as arched windows in the new building, while the aisles were given round windows. The masonry and the roof of the choir were also removed and rebuilt.

In 1950 the church was consecrated a second time by Bishop Joseph Freundorfer . In 1958/1959 it was redesigned with works by the church painter Karl Radinger , who created a new high altar, a pulpit, a Stations of the Cross and a large Christmas crib based on the Tyrolean model.

Renovations and remodeling

The saint. Trinity and cross above the choir

In 1965, under the direction of the Neusäß architect Karl Sendlinger, the chancel was redesigned and, in accordance with the liturgical changes of the Second Vatican Council , a simple, provisional wooden folk altar was erected. This was replaced in 1972 by an artistically designed folk altar.

After the reconstruction, the bricks were initially grouted so that the brick structure was still visible. In 1980, a continuous plaster was applied that hides the masonry. A side chapel was built in 1982, which the Augsburg artist Georg Bernhard painted. Under his direction, the interior of the church was renovated in 1987/1988, with the altar being replaced by a new popular altar made of red marble. Bernhard created a new ambo and Easter candlestick from the same material, as well as new church windows in the chancel. A third window was added in the apex of the choir. The Trinity group that had been attached up until then was now mounted floating above the altar. The three new windows in the apse each symbolize the Trinity with one color: yellow on the left (God the Father), red in the middle (God the Son) and blue on the right (Holy Spirit).

A Lourdes chapel was inaugurated in 2000. Various renovations took place from 2004 to 2007.

Building description

The church is a three-aisled, east-facing basilica with a retracted choir, transept and northern tower with a pointed helmet. The central nave is 16 meters wide, which corresponds to the total width of the previous single-nave building. The side aisles that serve as corridors are each 3 meters wide. The total width of today's church is 22 meters. The main nave is 27 meters long and the vestibule is 4 meters long. The height of the central nave is 13.50 meters and that of the side aisles 4.50 meters. There are segmental arcades between the central nave and the side aisles . The side walls are divided by floor-to-ceiling pillars with capitals.

A round arched portal system forms the end of the west facade . A portal made of brick gravel concrete cuts into the vestibule . A small stair tower in the southwest gives access to the organ gallery. The 37 meter high church tower has a square cross-section in the lower area and an irregular octagonal cross-section in the upper area. The tip of the helmet is made of copper. A transept with a gable roof is built from the tower to the south. The gable roof of the main nave is 23 meters high. The side aisles have low monopitch roofs.

The choir has a length of 12 meters and a width of 8 meters. The end of the choir is polygonal. Above the choir is a groin vault , above the apse a bowl vault with stitch caps . There is a side chapel in the north of the choir, the sacristy in the south and a storage room in the east of the choir. Together with the extensions, the church has a total length of 47 meters.

The gallery is supported by a five-part arched arcade. The central nave has a coffered ceiling , which is painted with casein paint in brown and red tones based on a template by the painter Lothar Schwink . The side aisles have a simple wooden ceiling. The floor is covered with Solnhof panels, as in the previous building.

The building is plastered and whitewashed on the inside, plastered and painted ocher on the outside.

Furnishing

Altars

The choir room

The altar in the apex of the choir, created after the reconstruction in 1958/1959, was designed with rectangular winged altar paintings by Karl Radinger, as were the two side altars: the Marien altar in the north and the Joseph altar in the south. Radinger coordinated the motifs of the four side altar paintings so that on each one there is a male saint figure behind a female one (with one exception where a boy is depicted instead of a woman).

The carved figure of the Marian altar is from the Baroque period, the sculptor is unknown. The left side picture of the Marien Altar shows Ulrich von Augsburg and Afra von Augsburg . The painter Niklaus von Flüe and Elisabeth von Thuringia depicted on the right side picture of the Marien Altar .

The carved figure of the Joseph altar is not originally Baroque, but was made in 1955 by the sculptor Guido Martini to match the style of the Virgin Mary . The left side picture of the Joseph altar shows Petrus Canisius and Barbara of Nicomedia , the right Christophorus with the baby Jesus and Tarzisius .

The popular altar in the center of the front area of ​​the choir is made of red marble.

  • The main altar with winged altar paintings by Karl Radinger

  • The altar of Mary. Side pictures by Karl Radinger

  • Baroque figure of Mary, restored in 1954

  • The Joseph Altar. Side pictures by Karl Radinger

  • Joseph figure by Guido Martini, 1955

  • The choir cross

pulpit

the pulpit

The cuboid pulpit was built according to a design by the architect Kurz and artistically designed by Karl Radinger. On the obverse, Christ is shown as a "world teacher" in a mandorla . The symbols of the four evangelists are arranged around it . The left (western) side of the pulpit shows Moses , John the Baptist , an unspecified prophet and Paul of Tarsus as further heralds of the Word of God . An Easter lamb is depicted on the right (eastern) side of the pulpit . Radinger painted a dove of the Holy Spirit on the underside of the sound cover .

Way of the Cross

The Way of the Cross, designed by Karl Radinger in painted pictures, is located along the long walls of the nave, hung in pairs under the round windows. The individual stations of the Way of the Cross are based on the motto: “Who is to blame for the death of Jesus?” A greenish-dark, satanic male figure appears in all the pictures. An additional 15th station shows a woman, a man and a child, each with their own crosses. The risen Jesus stands before them and gives them comfort.

Side chapel

The side chapel

In the part of the extension north of the choir, a parish hall was originally housed since the church was rebuilt. This lost its function with the construction of the parsonage and was only used as a storage room and for the Sunday services of the Ukrainian Catholic community. In 1981/1982 the architect Erwin Bernhard created a side chapel in this room in the style of a self-contained, cave-like sacred space, which was painted by Georg Bernhard in fresco-secco technique under the title “Heaven and Earth”.

The side chapel, painted in earth colors, has a “tree of life cross” as a central motif on the main wall, which stands on a mound with skulls. It symbolizes overcoming death in the resurrection . Above the cross is the eye of God and a dove of the Holy Spirit , so that here the motif of the Trinity appears again. The remaining walls are designed with abstract natural forms in which various animals are hidden: a hare, a hedgehog, a lizard, a mouse.

A transparent glass pane is suspended above the altar, which has the shape of a horizontally divided circular disk with a square hole in the middle. The divided circle is a Greek symbol for heaven and earth and the square hole symbolizes a sacrifice .

On the walls of the side chapel there are three statues that are older. A statue of the Virgin Mary, stepping on a snake as " Immaculata Conceptio " , on the left side wall probably comes from the old Kriegshaberer village chapel. The corresponding figure of Joseph is missing. On the right side wall there are two statues of the evangelists, carved by the Munich sculptor Oswald Hofmann . These two of the original four statues in the church's former pulpit survived the bombing. They were sucked off and assembled here.

  • The tree of life cross

  • Glass over the altar of the side chapel

  • Bunny in the wall fresco

  • Statue of the Virgin Mary as " Immaculata Conceptio "

  • Drained figures of the evangelists Mark and Luke

Lourdes Chapel

The Lourdes Chapel is located outside the church building to the west of the entrance portal. The semicircular, open, grotto-like structure alludes to the apparition grotto of Lourdes .

  • The Lourdes Chapel, 2018

organ

View to the organ gallery

The first organ of the Trinity Church came from the workshop of the Mindelheim organ builder Othmar Sauter . The instrument, built in 1852, was sold to Hendungen in Lower Franconia in 1872 in a well-preserved condition .

The Steinmeyer organ

As a successor instrument, an organ by the Munich organ builder Joseph Frosch with twelve registers and a coupling register was installed in the upper of the two galleries in November and December 1872 . In 1898 this instrument was repaired by Josef Mühlbauer , who at the time was temporarily in charge of the Augsburg organ building company Offner founded by Joseph Anton Bohl . Mühlbauer added the three registers salicional , gamba and viola bass .

In 1935 the church received a used organ with 24 registers and electric action, installed by the Steinmeyer company , whose disposition was divided into two manuals . In World War II, this instrument was destroyed.

The Oettinger organbuilder Steinmeyer was to build a new organ for the Trinity Church the order after the war. With its Opus 1793, the company designed a three-manual work with 39 registers. Probably due to financial problems, this plant was set up in two subsequent construction phases. In 1950, a single manual masterpiece with ten sounding stops and a pedal was built into the newly constructed organ case, the prospectus of which was designed by the church architect Michael Kurz. The organ was made playable with a borrowed console . The expansion to the planned complete instrument with an additional swell and a positive , with a further 27 registers and a mobile console, took place in 1958. As a playing aid , the organ has 6  couplings , two free combinations , a cylinder and a blind swell . The pocket- shop instrument has electro-pneumatic action .

Bells

Church bells ringing

Nothing is known about the first bells of the church. After the church was rebuilt, four new bells were installed in 1954.

graveyard

The cemetery, inaugurated in 1858, was enlarged in 1893. In 1903 a cemetery hall was added. There is no direct way from the church to the cemetery, in between the listed ensemble “Former Jewish settlement” (with residential buildings and the former synagogue).

After the war, Karl Radinger created a Pietà on the memorial for the fallen in the cemetery. The Americans stationed in Kriegshaber donated another work by Radinger in 1966, the mosaic picture Resurrection of the Dead in the funeral hall of the cemetery. In 2014 the dilapidated mourning hall of the cemetery was demolished and replaced by a new building. The mosaic picture has been stored.

Rectory

Rectory from 1914

The original rectory , built in 1862/1863, turned out to be too small and impractical. It was therefore torn down in 1913 and replaced by a new building. This was created in 1914 by the Augsburg district master builder Clemens Gaugenrieder. The new, larger rectory is a baroque building with a hipped roof . In a corner niche on the upper floor there is a figure of Saint Ulrich of Augsburg .

Inside, the building was decorated in a splendid Art Nouveau style . In the meeting room are the altarpieces from the church's former side altars.

The rectory escaped destruction in the war.

  • Gate to the rectory

  • Entrance portal

  • Facade detail above the entrance portal

  • Ulrich figure

  • window

Parish home

In 1967 a parish hall was built northeast of the Trinity Church. It was renovated in 1984 and offers the following rooms:

  • Large hall (up to 140 people) and spacious kitchen
  • Small hall (up to 50 people) and kitchen
  • Meeting room (up to 30 people)
  • "Stüble" (up to 25 people)
  • Bowling alley (up to 15 people)

Plans by the church administration to demolish the parish house and the former sacristan's house in order to build a hospice at their location led to protests by the community in 2015. As a result, the plans were changed and instead the parish home of St. Martin on Zirbelstrasse in Oberhausen was demolished in 2017 for the new construction of the hospice.

Monument protection

The Holy Trinity Church is a listed building and is included in the list of monuments of the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation under the file number D-7-61-000-1010 . The neighboring rectory with the address Ulmer Straße 199 is also a protected architectural monument (file number D-7-61-000-1011).

literature

  • Thomas Groll (text), Bernhard Radinger (photos): Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit Augsburg-Kriegshaber: history of a parish . 2009.

Web links

Commons : Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit (Augsburg-Kriegshaber)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : Pfarrhaus Kriegshaber  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Thomas Groll (text), Bernhard Radinger (photos): Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit Augsburg-Kriegshaber: history of a parish . 2009, p. 9 .
  2. ↑ About us. In: pg-kriegshaber.de. Retrieved January 16, 2018 .
  3. ↑ a b Thomas Groll (text), Bernhard Radinger (photos): Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit Augsburg-Kriegshaber: history of a parish . 2009, p. 7 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h Hlgst. Trinity. (No longer available online.) In: pg-kriegshaber.de. Archived from the original on March 10, 2018 ; accessed on January 16, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / pg-kriegshaber.de
  5. ^ A b Hans-Georg Mayer: Cemetery. In: pg-kriegshaber.de. Retrieved January 16, 2018 .
  6. ↑ Thomas Groll (text), Bernhard Radinger (photos): Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit Augsburg-Kriegshaber: history of a parish . 2009, p. 10-11 .
  7. ↑ Thomas Groll (text), Bernhard Radinger (photos): Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit Augsburg-Kriegshaber: history of a parish . 2009, p. 10 .
  8. ↑ Thomas Groll (text), Bernhard Radinger (photos): Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit Augsburg-Kriegshaber: history of a parish . 2009, p. 12 .
  9. ↑ Thomas Groll (text), Bernhard Radinger (photos): Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit Augsburg-Kriegshaber: history of a parish . 2009, p. 13-14 .
  10. ↑ Thomas Groll (text), Bernhard Radinger (photos): Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit Augsburg-Kriegshaber: history of a parish . 2009, p. 15 .
  11. ↑ Thomas Groll (text), Bernhard Radinger (photos): Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit Augsburg-Kriegshaber: history of a parish . 2009, p. 11 .
  12. ↑ Thomas Groll (text), Bernhard Radinger (photos): Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit Augsburg-Kriegshaber: history of a parish . 2009, p. 15-17 .
  13. ↑ Thomas Groll (text), Bernhard Radinger (photos): Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit Augsburg-Kriegshaber: history of a parish . 2009, p. 17 .
  14. ↑ Thomas Groll (text), Bernhard Radinger (photos): Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit Augsburg-Kriegshaber: history of a parish . 2009, p. 18, 22, 23 .
  15. ↑ a b Thomas Groll (text), Bernhard Radinger (photos): Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit Augsburg-Kriegshaber: history of a parish . 2009, p. 19 .
  16. ↑ Thomas Groll (text), Bernhard Radinger (photos): Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit Augsburg-Kriegshaber: history of a parish . 2009, p. 18, 25 .
  17. ↑ Thomas Groll (text), Bernhard Radinger (photos): Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit Augsburg-Kriegshaber: history of a parish . 2009, p. 18 .
  18. ↑ Thomas Groll (text), Bernhard Radinger (photos): Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit Augsburg-Kriegshaber: history of a parish . 2009, p. 19-20 .
  19. ↑ Thomas Groll (text), Bernhard Radinger (photos): Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit Augsburg-Kriegshaber: history of a parish . 2009, p. 20 .
  20. ↑ Thomas Groll (text), Bernhard Radinger (photos): Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit Augsburg-Kriegshaber: history of a parish . 2009, p. 24 f .
  21. ↑ Thomas Groll (text), Bernhard Radinger (photos): Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit Augsburg-Kriegshaber: history of a parish . 2009, p. 23 f .
  22. ↑ a b c Thomas Groll (text), Bernhard Radinger (photos): Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit Augsburg-Kriegshaber: history of a parish . 2009, p. 28 .
  23. ↑ Thomas Groll (text), Bernhard Radinger (photos): Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit Augsburg-Kriegshaber: history of a parish . 2009, p. 29 .
  24. ↑ Thomas Groll (text), Bernhard Radinger (photos): Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit Augsburg-Kriegshaber: history of a parish . Bobingen 2009, p. 25 .
  25. ↑ a b printed list of works by Steinmeyer
  26. ^ Georg Brenninger : Organs in Swabia. GeraNova Bruckmann, Munich 1986, ISBN 3-7654-2001-8 , p. 124.
  27. ↑ Thomas Groll (text), Bernhard Radinger (photos): Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit Augsburg-Kriegshaber: history of a parish . Bobingen 2009, p. 26 .
  28. ↑ Thomas Groll (text), Bernhard Radinger (photos): Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit Augsburg-Kriegshaber: history of a parish . Bobingen 2009, p. 17 .
  29. ↑ List of monuments for Augsburg (PDF) at the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation, file number E-7-61-000-18. P. 15. Retrieved March 9, 2018 (PDF; 423 kB).
  30. ↑ a b There is no longer any room for the present from the Americans. In: augsburger-allgemeine.de. July 6, 2014, accessed December 22, 2017 .
  31. ↑ Thomas Groll (text), Bernhard Radinger (photos): Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit Augsburg-Kriegshaber: history of a parish . 2009, p. 8 .
  32. ↑ Thomas Groll (text), Bernhard Radinger (photos): Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit Augsburg-Kriegshaber: history of a parish . 2009, p. 13 .
  33. ↑ Parish Hall Saint. Trinity. In: neue-szene.de. www.neue-szene.de, accessed on January 18, 2018 .
  34. ↑ Andrea Baumann: A community fears for its parish center. In: augsburger-allgemeine.de. February 15, 2015, accessed March 9, 2018 .
  35. ↑ Andrea Baumann: A congregation is crossed with its pastor. In: augsburger-allgemeine.de. February 23, 2015, accessed March 9, 2018 .
  36. ↑ Andrea Baumann: The days of the St. Martin parish home are numbered. In: augsburger-allgemeine.de. February 5, 2017, accessed March 9, 2018 .
  37. ↑ Andrea Baumann: Bagger clears the way for the hospice. In: augsburger-allgemeine.de. May 5, 2017. Retrieved March 9, 2018 .
  38. ↑ List of monuments for Augsburg (PDF) at the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation, p. 133. Retrieved on March 9, 2018 (PDF; 423 kB).

Coordinates: 48 ° 22 ′ 45.8 ″  N , 10 ° 51 ′ 8.7 ″  E