Heinrich Ludwig Smalian

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Heinrich Ludwig Smalian (born July 13, 1785 in Lohra near Nordhausen , † March 25, 1848 in Stralsund ) was a German forest master .

Life

Heinrich Ludwig Smalian came from a family of civil servants. His father was a councilor .

He was initially trained in his parents' house by private teachers and attended the orphanage school of the Francke Foundations in Halle from 1797 to 1800 .

After finishing school he studied until August 1803 with Franz Louis Ernst Carl von Ziegesar (1749-1826) and Johann Matthäus Bechstein forest sciences at the public training institute for forest and hunting , from 1803 forest academy, in Drei 30acker . Here he received a forest and natural science education, including lectures on natural and hunting sciences, natural science, chemistry and applied areas of forest science and forest management. His keen interest in mathematics and his skills were shaped by his math teacher Johann Wilhelm Hoßfeld (1768-1837). He finished his studies and became a volunteer in the royal Prussian corps of mounted military police in Koepenick near Berlin .

After he had passed the state examination , he got a job as a forest conductor at the royal Eichsfeld-Erfurt War and Domain Chamber in Heiligenstadt in the late autumn of 1805 . After the creation of the Kingdom of Westphalia by the French, he was allowed to stay as a citizen and was promoted to calculator assistant . After a further examination in the subjects of field measurement , leveling , forest taxation , general and special arithmetic , differential and integral calculus , geometry , trigonometry , drawing, mechanics and optics , he was promoted to real chamber calculator on September 3, 1807 and was given permission to practice the Surveying and appraisal business within the service district of the War and Domain Chamber. At the beginning of 1808 he was transferred to Kassel as a verificateur (inspector) and in the same year promoted to the Sous-Inspecteur (deputy inspector ).

Although he did service in the Kingdom of Westphalia, he was still registered as a volunteer with the Royal Prussian Riding Field Jäger Corps in Köpenick near Berlin. In March 1808, however, he received notification from Major von Bölzig that he had been released from the corps on the orders of Major General Karl Leopold von Köckritz .

After the end of the Kingdom of Westphalia, he applied for an assistant position to General Inspector Baron Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Wasmuth von Wintzingerode (1772-1830) in Halberstadt in 1813 and was satisfied with a lower salary.

The royal Prussian government hired him at the end of 1814 as a forest inspector in Willrode . When he wanted to volunteer to fight the French in 1815, the government forbade him to do so because he was indispensable for the forestry service ; but he was promoted to forest master in Erfurt , which increased his sphere of activity.

In 1816, at the suggestion of Georg Ludwig Hartig to Finance Minister Hans von Bülow , he was appointed to the General Administration for Domains and Forests of the Prussian Ministry of Finance in Berlin as head forest master and auxiliary worker. On February 13, 1817 he was appointed head forester in Danzig , where he stayed until he was transferred to Stralsund.

In 1827 he was transferred to Stralsund as head of the forest administration in the Stralsund administrative district . At the time, the Stralsund administrative district included the area bounded by the Baltic Sea and the Recknitz , Trebel and Peene rivers. The district consisted of the six forest districts Darß , Schuenhagen, Abtshagen, Poggendorf, Buddenhagen (later called Jägerhof) and Werder , in addition there were the forest administrations Universitätsforst Greifswald and the urban forests Greifswald , Barth and Stralsund.

Heinrich Ludwig Smalian married Luise Nicolovius, daughter of the District President Theodor Nicolovius, in Danzig in 1821 . From this marriage there were six children, three sons and three daughters. Of these is known by name:

  • Otto Heinrich Smalian (born September 23, 1827 in Stralsund; † February 17, 1874), head forester in Zerrin .

Act

Spit of the Schaabe on Rügen

Heinrich Ludwig Smalian had to Holzmeßkunde and forestry institutions specialized. With great skill he was able to reforest the Schaabe , a narrow spit between the Jasmund and Wittow peninsulas with pines and oaks for the first time.

He also invented some tree measuring instruments, developed several new formulas, and a special forest appraisal method. So he invented a log based on the principle of the wedge and an altimeter. In 1840 he published a pamphlet for foresters, builders and timber merchants, which contained four number tables that were supposed to make it easier to estimate and select the timber and timber. He also introduced the concept of the real number of forms in the literature, which Max Preßler later worked on in order to determine the content of individual trees.

He developed a formula for determining the average age of trees, which later became known as Heyer's formula because Carl Heyer , independently of him, came up with and published the same formula.

Memberships

Heinrich Ludwig Smalian was a member of the Natural Research Society in Danzig .

He was also a member of the Society for Forest and Hunting Studies in Drei 30acker.

Honors

  • Heinrich Ludwig Smalian was knight of the Red Eagle Order 4th class since 1834 .
  • In 1843 he was awarded the Order of the Red Eagle 3rd class with the ribbon.
  • A memorial stone was erected in his memory on April 22, 1999 at the Schuenhagen forestry office building near Velgast .
  • On April 21, 2016, Park Brunnenaue in Stralsund was opened by the Pomeranian Forest Association in the presence of the city's mayor, Dr. Alexander Badrow , a memorial stone was inaugurated and the 2016 tree of the year, a winter linden, was planted.

Fonts (selection)

Special charter from Eichsfelde, the county of Hohnstein, Prussian Antheils, or the lordships of Lohra and Klettenberg: the northern and Mühlhausen areas, the Voigtey Dorla and the Ganerbschaft Treffurt

He also published several table works :

  • General wood yield tables for the output yield, growth rate, annual average yield, the total wood mass and the yield rate, for scientific wood yield and forest value calculation, in extracts from 10 to 10 years . 1837.
  • Circular area, diameter, radius and circumference tables . 1840.
  • Roller board to facilitate the calculation of the wood mass of construction trunks 1 to 100 feet in length and 0.001 to 46.2 square feet across, with the appropriate diameters and circumferences . 1846.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Forestry study trip of fifteen members of the Forestry Association to Poland in the area of ​​the Regional Directorate Szczecinek (RDLP Szczecinek) from August 24th to 30th, 2008. (PDF) Deutscher Forstverein e. V., accessed on March 16, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Adam Schwappach: Guide to wood measurement . Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-662-39807-4 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  3. ^ Statute of the Natural Research Society in Gdansk . Müller, 1834, p. 21 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  4. ^ Stralsund (administrative district): Official Gazette of the Prussian Government in Stralsund: from March 30, 1848 . Prussia. Government of Stralsund, 1848 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  5. ↑ Peter Krüger: The most important forester in Western Pomerania is a Stralsund man: Royal Prussian chief forest master Heinrich Ludwig Smalian. (PDF) Retrieved March 16, 2019 .
  6. ↑ A new tree adorns the Brunnenaue. Ostsee-Zeitung, April 22, 2016, accessed on March 16, 2019 .
personal data
SURNAME Smalian, Heinrich Ludwig
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Smalian, Heinrich L .; Smalian, HL
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German forest master
DATE OF BIRTH July 13, 1785
PLACE OF BIRTH Lohra
DATE OF DEATH March 25, 1848
Place of death Stralsund