Heinrichsruh (Schleiz)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Heinrichsruh
City of Schleiz
Coordinates: 50 ° 33 ′ 18 ″  N , 11 ° 48 ′ 59 ″  E
Height : 530 m above sea level NHN
Incorporation : 1922
Postal code : 07907
Area code : 03663
Heinrichsruh (Thuringia)
Heinrichsruh

Location of Heinrichsruh in Thuringia
Heinrichsruh
Heinrichsruh

Heinrichsruh is a district of the former residence town of Schleiz .

history

The Heinrichsruh settlement was founded in 1712 and was on the old Poststrasse, on which Postreiter traveled to Ansbach , Bayreuth , Leipzig and Torgau as early as 1589 . Heinrichsruh was first mentioned in a document in 1704.

The place was called the "new village on the gray mountain". In the year it was founded, the settlement was parish off to Oschitz and the place name Oberoschitz emerged, which was retained until 1990. In 1922 Oberoschitz was incorporated into Schleiz with Oschitz. Since it had become common practice to connect the small town with the Heinrichsruh Park, the citizens of Heinrichsruh applied for the name "Heinrichsruh" for their place after the fall of the Wall after the fall of the Wall in 1990 , which it received with a city council resolution of 1990.

The landscaped garden

The Heinrichsruher Park has been a determining element since 1704, making it one of the oldest parks in Germany. On an old engraving you can see the park in front of the gates of the former residence town Schleiz as a landscape garden with numerous park architectures and avenues: Park, Prinzessinnenweg, Kirschenallee, designed Kirschbühl with grotto Buchhübel, the formerly princely vineyard, the Kulmbach with its groups of trees and several artificial ones Ponds, a sheep farm with sheep meadows and the actual Heinrichsruher Park with the pleasure palace and monuments.

The origin of the Heinrichshaines - as the park was still called until around 1820 - was a so-called bird hearth - i.e. a place for hunting and catching songbirds and house birds for consumption. Created by Count Reuss Heinrich XI. Reuss-Schleiz (* 1669; † 1726), who ruled from 1692 to 1726. The layout of the park at the location of the bird herd is described in the diaries of his son Heinrich XII. (* 1716; † 1784):

In a little wood called the gray mountain, the court manager Voit once set up a bird stove and, with the permission of my father (Heinrich XI.), Built a peculiar little house with a few small rooms, a kitchen and a cellar.
The Vogelherd was right outside the window, which he could see from his bed in the room. In 1704 my father had a large hall and other small houses built around the grove. The growing bushes made it very easy to cut through avenues. Round squares were created and this place was made into the most pleasant promenades.
After this time, a bird and target shooting was held annually on the day after the Heinrichsmarkt, Tuesday after Henrici, which was visited by many friends, strangers and locals.
My brother Heinrich I stopped this bird and target shooting again in 1731. The houses were torn down and various trees were removed. This turned the place back into a wilderness.

The reason for the creation of the park in 1704 was the planning of Heinrichstadt (proven from 1677) in the area of ​​the stately tree garden with pheasantry in Schleiz. In order to create a replacement for the stately tree garden, a forest with avenues, promenades and round squares was created on the gray mountain (etymolog. Kra - crow = crows mountain).

The Heinrichsmarkt took place on Heinrichstag, named after the Emperor Heinrich II. , On July 13th . As a result, the first bird shooting could be on Heinrichsruh. took place on July 13, 1704. Due to the annual bird and target shooting until 1731, the new Heinrichshain was also used by the Schleiz citizens.

Heiko Laß also confirms these representations.

After the death of Henry XI. In 1726 he was followed by his firstborn son Heinrich I (* 1695; † 1744), who died without leaving a son. In 1744 his half-brother , Heinrich XII., Already quoted, took over the government of the Schleiz family. Count Heinrich XII., Who became an avid builder and patron of the arts, began to restore the dilapidated complex on the gray mountain in line with the fashion of the time when pleasure gardens were being built at many courtyards .

So I decided to have the place restored. The beginning of June, 1750, began with the erection of the new building. A Chinese-style salon and the kitchen were the most necessary things I had built. My cavaliers, the town councilor, Captain von Feilitsch, town lieutenant Müller and the Italian Caprani also built decent little houses in the places assigned to them, according to the regulations, and the work was carried on with such zeal that everything came about in a few weeks and on June 6th, 1750 the first bird shooting could be held (again), the place Heinrichsruh was named. It was the III. and the IV. Herr von Untergreiz , the II. Herr von Lobenstein and the XXIV. Herr von Ebersdorf and a numerous noblesse present that 264 lots could be shot in all.

Elements of the park at that time were in particular also distant views, lines of sight and vistas.

The nature lover Count and Prince Heinrich XLII. (the 42nd) has done a lot for the park and Kretschmar names him next to Heinrich XII. as the creator of the Heinrichsruh park and palace. After the building was completed in 1808, Heinrich XLII. still make various plantings; Memorial plaques in the park announced it. On a stone slab in the eastern part of the park towards Oberböhmsdorf was the inscription:

“In memory of my friend Sigismund, Count von Zail , Prince-Bishop of Chiemsee. He sends stone pine and holm oak here - H. XLII. JLFR MDCCCIX. "1809

Today you can still see the elevation for the substructure and can guess the location of the small nursery. The plate was found slightly damaged.

In the inner courtyard behind the palace there is a roundabout overgrown with ash , the Heinrich XLII. Created in 1811 at the age of 59. On an oval marble slab entwined with ivy, with his relief portrait, said:

“The happy father dedicates this self-planted grove to his children. 1811 "

The six ash trees in the semicircle are still standing today, so they are around 200 years old. After the abdication of the lords of the castle in 1918, the slab had to be protected from vandals and removed and the memorial plaques were not put back on and are partly kept in the palace.

Seven years after this plaque was set up, Heinrich the 42nd died at Schleiz Castle in 1818 and his son Heinrich the 62nd succeeded the government. He also beautified the park and in the years 1837–1840, after the Schleiz fire, laid out the southern part of the park. a. a meadow with a tulip tree was integrated. In this part of the park, a monument in the form of a black slate plate on a pyramid of field stones was erected in honor of the court gardener and garden inspector Johann Gottlieb Felder, who made great contributions to the beautification of the entire park and who died in Lobenstein at the age of 73 . With the words in gold letters "In memory of the court gardener Felder zu Schleiz, His hardworking hands beautified these fields", he was thanked in Heinrichsruher Park.

The Masonic Lodge

Heinrich XII. founded the orphanage in Kirschkau and in 1750 transplanted a secret lodge connection , called the “Society of Good People”, from the Danish royal court to Oettersdorf. The management of the lodge had passed to his son Heinrich 42. from 1779, who moved the meetings to Heinrichsruh.

City archivist Kretschmar writes about this in "Heinrichsruh Castle and Park":

“From 1779, 1780 and 1782 the lodge often met in Heinrichsruh, as an Extractus Protocolli of the Hainrichshain lodge shows. The money collected was used, among other things, for school fees for poor children. "

It can be assumed that the lodge met in the Chaumiere (French: straw hut), built in 1777 as a temple of friendship, mildness and honesty, the Chaumiere was replaced by a new Chaumiere five years later, and the Gothic house was built there around 1800. The son of Heinrich XII, Count Heinrich XLII, who was prince in 1806, already had these other buildings. (* 1752; † 1818) who designed the Heinrichshain as a landscape garden from 1777 to 1811, gave it shape with the help of the court gardener and in which “ Weymout pines , larches, poplars and exotic trees and bushes predominated”.

guest houses

1786 set up Schleizer councilors for Count Heinrich XLII on Heinrichsruh. a so-called "town hall".

An important extension by Heinrich XLII. In 1782/1784, a guinguette (French = tavern) was built for the "Wirtshaus am Heinrichshain", built in a half-timbered style with a gallery all around and a hipped roof, it was called the "Swiss House". The royal restaurant of the Guingette was run by a servant of the castle, Mr. Dix. Until 1900 it was a popular excursion destination for Schleizer. The Schleizer Schützengesellschaft's bird shooting took place in the immediate vicinity until 1828. In 1904 it was demolished in a dilapidated manner and used by Schleizer shoemaker Wilhelm Viertel to build the house on Greizer Strasse.

In 1897 the “Luginsland” inn was built by the Schleiz clothing manufacturer Mäerz, and there are now two inns at Heinrichsruh, the “Modera” and “Luginsland”.

The Gothic House

Under the reign of Heinrich XLII. The Gothic House, known because of its pointed arched windows, was built around 1800 with a large hall for holding festivities on the site of the old Chaumiere straw hut. Next to Ebersdorf it was one of the first neo-Gothic houses in Reussia . The last reigning Prince Heinrich XXVII. bequeathed it to the Gera Middle School in 1927, which used it as a country school home. After 1945, the park served as a warehouse for Russian troops and the Gothic House was used as a cowshed at the time before it was demolished.

Folk, singing, shooting, gymnastics and children's festivals took place on the meadow in front of the Gothic House, the Sedan Festival was regularly celebrated after 1870 and brass music and forest festivals took place there in the 1970s and 1980s.

The palace

The construction of the Heinrichsruher Palais with all auxiliary buildings took place in 1808. It started in 1806 after the survey of Heinrich XLII. in the prince. The palace in the style of a classic Italian villa was used for residential purposes and was used by the Schleiz princely family as a regular summer residence. After the Schleiz castle fire in 1837, the palace served as a residence for a while.

The palace was simply furnished, but had a spacious floor plan. It is a two-storey structure made of quarry stone masonry. A central wing spans between two side wings, to which a portico with four Tuscan columns and strong entablature is presented on both sides . When it was converted into apartments during the “reconstruction” in 1985, the interior of the house was destroyed, the portico to the east and the southern extension removed, as was the fountain on the meadow plan. The wooden water pipe from the wolf gallows to the palace was later replaced by a 70 meter deep well on the side of the stables . In the rear building, which was equipped with a tower clock and a tower clock, there were official apartments and guest rooms, and in the basement there was a stables for horses and wagons. Originally the tower was crenellated, so it was built as a lookout tower.

Guests in Heinrichsruh

Numerous guests and friends of the Schleizer Hof signed the Heinrichsruh album between 1777 and 1836, which was lost when the castle burned in 1945. So stayed the Prussian royal couple Friedrich Wilhelm III. and Queen Luise on July 5, 1805 on Heinrichsruh, who stopped here from a trip to Bad Alexandersbad .

On their trip, the royal couple was also invited to the consecration of the rock labyrinth near Wunsiedel , where the labyrinth was named "Luisenburg" in honor of the queen.

In 1806 the outposts of Tauentzien's troops were in the park, and Heinrich XLII. had to receive Napoleon as prince on October 9th and give him quarters. He writes in the diary: "I was barely ½ 3r back (from the Galgenberg in front of Oettersdorf, where he spoke to the general) when the cavalry patrols came back from the gray mountain and at 3 o'clock the French were advancing from all sides."

The Coburg court councilor Jenichen visited Heinrichsruh in March 1787 and praised the park. Under a pencil drawing he wrote: “Looking through the distance from Heinrichhains heights is worth every look ... You had the views from the meadow plan in front of the Gothic house towards the Thuringian Forest, from the Kirschbühl, the coffee mill and the Promentorium observation tower there - towards Schleiz, with castle and mountain church and to Oberböhmsdorf or from a small temple pavilion (near the old copper beech) in the southern part towards Hirschraufe and Modera. "

Monuments and memorial stones

After the Princely Family moved to Gera under Prince Heinrich 67. Reuss jL , it became quieter around Heinrichsruh, and Osterstein Castle was expanded . The summer residence was now Ebersdorf . From 1867–1908 Prince Heinrich XIV. Reuss jL led the regency. The family was often and gladly at Heinrichsruh.

After the death of Princess Agnes , a memorial was erected in the park: a sandstone obelisk crowned with a vase with a bronze plaque and the inscription "In memory of the dear wife H.XIV:" The moss-green obelisk in the park is still preserved today and has an ingrown fence circumscribed. The vase made of bronze or copper was lost in the 1960s, while the bronze inscription plate was rediscovered by chance at Burgk Castle in 2008 .

In the round oak beneath the Agnes monument, Princess Agnes had a tall wooden cross entwined with ivy erected in memory of her mother. On the floor you could see the name Helene made of ivy green .

Public transport

Heinrichsruh is connected to the public transport system by the following lines :

All lines are operated by KomBus .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wolfgang Kahl : First mention of Thuringian cities and villages-A manual. Rockstuhl Verlag, Bad Langensalza 2010, ISBN 978-3-86777-202-0 , p. 116
  2. ↑ (Hansel 1911)
  3. ↑ Quoted from Otto Lindig Collection, Vol. 35, p. 954.
  4. ↑ Heiko Laß; Hunting and pleasure palaces of the 17th and 18th centuries in Thuringia Michael Imhoff Verlag Petersberg 2006, ISBN 3-86568-092-5 , p. 322
  5. ↑ Kretschmer
  6. ↑ Kretschmar, "Heinrichsruh Castle and Park"
  7. ↑ Patze: Architectural and art monuments of Thuringia
  8. ^ B. Schmidt: History of Schleiz. Vol. 3 p. 91