Hurricane Dorian

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Dorian
Category 5 hurricane ( SSHWS )
Dorian on September 1, 2019
Dorian on September 1, 2019
Emergence August 24, 2019
resolution September 9, 2019
Peak wind
speed
185  mph (295  km / h ) (sustained for 1 minute)
Lowest air pressure 910  mbar ( hPa ; 26.9  inHg )
dead at least 81 (1 Puerto Rico + 74 Bahamas + 3 Florida + 3 NC)
Property damage $ 5.08 billion (2019)
Affected
areas 		Lesser Antilles , Puerto Rico , Bahamas , USA , Canada
Season overview:
Atlantic hurricane season 2019
Development of wind speed, air pressure and draft speed of the hurricane

Hurricane Dorian was a tropical cyclone and the second hurricane of the 2019 Atlantic hurricane season . It formed in August 2019 and moved as a tropical storm over some islands in the Caribbean . After enormous intensification, it struck the Bahamas on September 1 as a category 5 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale , where it claimed many lives and caused enormous damage. After that, he changed his direction and moved along the east coast of the United States and Canada . On September 7th, it was declared a post-tropical storm low. The next day it weakened so much that it no longer showed any hurricane-strength winds.

Meteorological history

On August 19, the National Hurricane Center reported a tropical wave on the coast of West Africa , which accompanied the occasional rain shower over Senegal and Guinea . The wave was traveling westward at a speed of about 17 miles per hour. On August 22, an intensification of thunderstorms and precipitation related to the atmospheric disturbance was observed. On August 24th, a rotation with surface winds of around 55 km / h was detected in the system, which is why it was named Tropical Low Pressure Area Five . At that time it was about 1,400 kilometers east of Trinidad . That same day the depression intensified and began to develop an eye , which is why it was declared Tropical Storm Dorian that evening . Dorian was now moving west to west-northwest at a speed of about 22 km / h. Wind speeds of the strength of a tropical storm - at least 63 km / h on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale - occurred within a radius of 55 kilometers from the center.

Dorian's Railway
The eye of the hurricane on September 2nd over Grand Bahama

Dorian increased in strength over the next few days, his wind speeds reached - lasting over a minute - 85 km / h on August 25, temporarily 95 km / h on August 26, storm winds now occurred within a radius of 75 kilometers around the center on.

On the evening of August 26th, Dorian moved over Barbados . In the morning hours of August 27th, Dorian passed St. Lucia and caused wind and precipitation on other islands over the leeward . After the high mountains on St. Lucia disrupted the storm's circulation near the ground, its center over the Caribbean Sea reorganized a little further north.

On August 28, the storm intensified, it now showed wind speeds of 110 km / h and storm winds in a radius of 130 kilometers from the center. Around noon, the storm moved across the Virgin Islands with a north-west direction. At 2 p.m. local time , Dorian was declared a Category 1 hurricane off Saint Thomas with wind speeds of 120 km / h, and in the evening the wind speeds were already 140 km / h.

Over the Atlantic , very warm water temperatures, high humidity and low wind shear allowed the storm to intensify rapidly in the days that followed . On August 29th it was upgraded to Category 2, on August 30th to Category 3, then to Category 4. With wind speeds of 215 km / h it was now moving in a west-northwest direction. This change of direction was caused by a high pressure ridge spreading westward over the Atlantic in the north .

On the morning of September 1, Dorian became a Category 5 hurricane 50 kilometers west of Abaco . Storm winds occurred within a radius of 165 kilometers from the center, winds of hurricane strength (i.e. more than 118 km / h) within a radius of 45 kilometers. The hurricane reached its greatest intensity at 3:00 pm local time when his eye hit the island with wind speeds of 295 km / h and an air pressure in the center of 910 hPa . The direction of the train was now west. In the evening the eye met the island of Grand Bahama . The train speed, however, decreased. On September 2, the storm became almost stationary over Grand Bahama, its train speed was only about 2 km / h and it stood centrally over the island for more than 24 hours. It weakened slightly, and around noon it was downgraded to category 4. This weakening was associated with cyclical new eyewall formation .

On September 3, Dorian was first downgraded to Category 3 and later to Category 2. Due to the weakening of the high north of Dorian and a trough forming in the east of the United States and moving eastward , it gradually began to move north-west. At the same time, its wind field increased again, winds with hurricane strength now occurred within a radius of 95 kilometers, winds with storm strength within a radius of 280 kilometers.

Dorian on September 4th off the east coast of the USA

On September 4, Dorian moved at about 11 km / h parallel to the Florida coast about 140 kilometers away in a north-northwest direction, in the late evening in a northerly direction, the wind speed increased so that it was again a Category 3 hurricane.

On September 5, the hurricane changed its direction again, first to north-northeast, then to northeast. During the day it was downgraded back to Category 2. Rainbows from the storm created at least 24 tornadoes in North Carolina and South Carolina . The radius of the wind field in which winds with gale force occurred was now 350 kilometers. Storm warnings were now also issued for stretches of coast in Maryland , Delaware and Massachusetts as well as for the Canadian Maritime Provinces and the Magdalen Islands .

In the early hours of September 6th, Dorian was downgraded to Category 1. His eye was now about 45 miles in diameter and its center was only 40 miles from the North Carolina coast. From 8:35 a.m. local time , the eye of the hurricane hit Cape Hatteras , which it crossed at a train speed of around 22 km / h. Then he increased his train speed to over 40 km / h. Storm warnings now also applied to parts of Maine and Newfoundland (Canada).

On the morning of September 7th, Hurricane Dorian passed about 280 kilometers off the coast of Massachusetts, causing storm winds in the southeast of the state. At 5:00 p.m. local time , Dorian was declared a post-tropical cyclone by the National Hurricane Center. Its wind speed of 155 km / h still corresponded to that of a Category 2 hurricane, winds of hurricane strength occurred in a radius of 185 kilometers, and winds of storm strength in a radius of 500 kilometers around the center. A little later, at 6:15 p.m. local time, the center of the storm hit Nova Scotia , which he crossed during the night and took a north-northwest course.

On September 8th, Dorian crossed the Gulf of Saint Lawrence towards Newfoundland. Around noon it changed its direction of movement back to the northeast and showed a sustained wind speed of 120 km / h. During the day it weakened and was no longer hurricane strength. At 23:00 in the evening it showed wind speeds of 95 km / h and headed east-northeast across the Atlantic. In the course of September 9th, it went into a larger depression.

Effects

Caribbean

Power outages occurred in Barbados , and some trees and power poles were overturned. No major damage occurred on St. Lucia . On Martinique were flash floods on, roads were washed away. In Dominica there were landslides that destroyed water pipes, and in some places the electricity went out.

There were also power outages in the Virgin Islands . According to initial reports, there was little damage in the British Virgin Islands , while trees were uprooted on the American Virgin Islands .

Puerto Rico , which was devastated by Category 5 Hurricane Maria in 2017 , initially expected to be hit directly by the storm. Governor Wanda Vázquez declared a state of emergency on August 26th. Dorian then moved east of Puerto Rico, only on Culebra and Vieques there were power outages and floods. One fatality has been reported in connection with the storm in Puerto Rico.

Bahamas

The Prime Minister of the Bahamas Hubert Minnis called on August 30th, the residents of some communities on Abaco and Grand Bahama to evacuate. However, many did not answer the call. At 12:40 p.m. local time on September 1, the eye of the storm struck Elbow Cay , Abaco.

Dorian was the strongest hurricane to hit the Bahamas archipelago on modern records. It caused storm surges with waves five and a half to seven meters high. The storm raged over the northern Bahamas for three days. Gusts of wind reached speeds of up to 350 km / h. According to the Red Cross , around 13,000 houses were destroyed. Drinking water sources were polluted, the telecommunications network collapsed. As of February 28, 2020, the death of 74 people as a result of the hurricane was confirmed in the Bahamas. However, it is feared that the actual number will be significantly higher. At the end of October 2019, 282 people were still missing. In January 2020, Health Minister Duane Sands spoke out in favor of a government statement confirming the deaths of more than 200 people in view of the large number of missing people. Legally, missing people in the Bahamas can only be declared dead after seven years, which is why Sands called for a change in the law in the event of disasters. Prime Minister Hubert Minnis said he was against this proposal.

The United Nations estimated that around 70,000 people needed emergency relief. Numerous health facilities became unusable. The economic damage in the Bahamas is estimated by the Inter-American Development Bank at 3.4 billion dollars.

The main town of the Abaco Islands, Marsh Harbor , was hit particularly hard, the two poor districts The Mudd and Pigeon Peas were completely destroyed. On the island, infrastructure such as the port, a hospital and shops were destroyed. One of the three airports on the island was only operational to a limited extent, another was closed until September 5th. Ninety percent of the population did not have access to potable tap water.

Numerous homes have been destroyed or damaged in Grand Bahama. Roads were blocked by rubble and drinking water was scarce. Freeport Airport on Grand Bahama Island was under water for a few days and was badly damaged. About 90 percent of all buildings on Grand Bahama had no electricity as of September 6th. A quarter of the island's population had no access to potable tap water. At the South Riding Point oil terminal in High Rock, Grand Bahama, several domes of fixed roof tanks were torn down by the wind and the surrounding area was contaminated with oil . A groundwater contamination was feared. According to the operator Equinor , around 55,000 barrels of oil ended up in the environment. The company used up to 350 people for cleaning work at times.

The most populous island of New Providence has also suffered flooding and power outages.

The evacuation of homeless people from Abaco to New Providence has started, where emergency shelters have been set up. The United Kingdom is supporting disaster relief with the ship RFA Mounts Bay , the United States Coast Guard with helicopters and ships, and the US Northern Command deployed the USS Bataan . The Mounts Bay was on September 11 of two ships of the Netherlands succeeded, brought the also German and French Marines to support and long support a week's disaster relief. Canada sent a C-130 transport aircraft , the Dominican Republic its flagship Almirante Didiez Burgos and two smaller aircraft. Personnel support also came from Jamaica , Trinidad and Tobago , Barbados and other states of the Caribbean Community .

About 5000 Bahamians were evacuated to New Providence, 4000 left the Bahamas for the USA, many of them went to Florida. By the end of October 2019, the United Nations World Food Program had transported 850 tons of food and relief supplies to the Bahamas. The UN, numerous nations and companies donated for disaster relief. The Bahamian civil protection agency NEMA set up a donation account.

United States

A state of emergency was declared in Florida on August 28th and Dorian was expected to meet the state directly a few days later. The evacuation of 16 counties was ordered temporarily . There was a power outage in some areas. Three Florida deaths are indirectly related to the storm.

The states of Georgia , North Carolina and South Carolina were later declared a state of emergency. For more than one million residents of the coasts of the two Carolinas, the evacuation was ordered from September 2nd and 3rd. 6 counties in Georgia had to be evacuated.

In Charleston and other places in South Carolina on September 5, storm surges put roads up to four feet under water. 200,000 people in South Carolina were affected by a power outage, 9,000 in North Carolina and 7,000 in Georgia. In North Carolina, three deaths are indirectly attributed to the storm. Tornadoes triggered by the storm destroyed some mobile homes and damaged homes and cars in the two Carolinas.

On September 6, Dorian caused storm surges in sections of the Outer Banks , the town of Ocracoke was inundated.

In the period from September 4th to 6th, Dorian triggered 21 tornadoes , including two of the EF2 level on the Enhanced Fujita Scale . The worst tornado damage occurred in Brunswick County and Emerald Isle in North Carolina.

The national weather agency NOAA estimates the financial damage caused by Dorian in the United States at 1.6 billion US dollars.

Canada

In Nova Scotia Dorian caused a power outage in around 400,000 households, in New Brunswick in more than 64,000 households. Houses were covered, trees uprooted, streets flooded and a construction crane overturned in Halifax . Numerous flights have been canceled or postponed. There were also power outages in Prince Edward Island , with a total of over 500,000 households in Canada without electricity. The cellular network was also partially affected for a few days. Storm surges on the Magdalen Islands brought waves up to 20 meters high. Trees and power poles were felled, and around 7,000 households lost power. No people were harmed by the storm in Canada. The insured economic damage in Canada is estimated at 105 million Canadian dollars (approximately 72.5 million euros).

Web links

Commons : Hurricane Dorian  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

supporting documents

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