Atlantic hurricane season 2019

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Atlantic hurricane season 2019
All the storms of the season
All the storms of the season
Formation of the
first storm		 May 20th
Dissolution of the
last storm		 25. November
Strongest storm Dorian - 910  hPa  ( mbar ), 160  kn  (295  km / h )  (1 minute)
Tropical lows 20th
Storms 18th
Hurricanes 6th
Severe hurricanes ( Cat. 3+ ) 3
Total number of victims at least 111
Total damage ≈ US $ 12 billion
Atlantic hurricane season
2017 , 2018 , 2019 , 2020 , 2021

The Atlantic hurricane season 2019 officially started on June 1st, 2019 and ended on November 30th, 2019. During this period, most hurricanes usually form in the northern Atlantic Ocean , as suitable conditions only exist at this time, such as a warm ocean, humid air and little wind shear to allow tropical cyclones to form.

The 2019 Atlantic hurricane season had an early start due to the formation of the subtropical storm Andrea on May 20; it is the fifth year in a row that a tropical cyclone has formed in the northern Atlantic Ocean before June 1st. This is the first time this has happened since satellite observations began. A period of four consecutive years with an early start to the season existed previously in the years 1951–1954. With Hurricane Dorian and Hurricane Lorenzo , there was also at least one Category 5 hurricane for the first time since satellite-based observation began in four consecutive years . The season is also one of the few seasons in which more than one Category 5 hurricane has formed.

With Pablo, this season had the most easterly hurricane since records began, and Lorenzo had the most easterly hurricane so far.

The accumulation of catastrophic and record-breaking storms is increasingly triggering debates about the role of the climate crisis in its development. However, tracing a single storm back to the overheating of the earth's climate system is methodologically challenging, so instead we consider patterns of change in storms over time. This shows that hurricanes do indeed become more intense and more destructive as the climate overheats. There is clear evidence of this in the 2019 hurricane season.

Season forecasts

Tropical activity predictions for the 2019 season
source date named
storms 		Hurricanes severe
hurricanes
Average (1981-2010) 12.1 6.4 2.7
highest recorded activity 28 15th 7th
lowest recorded activity 4th 2 † 0 †
TSR December 11, 2018 12 5 2
CSU 4th April 2019 13 5 2
TSR 5th April 2019 12 5 2
NCSU April 16, 2019 13-16 5-7 2-3
TWC May 6, 2019 14th 7th 3
UKMO May 21, 2019 13 * 7 * 3 *
NOAA 23 May 2019 9-15 4-8 2-4
actual activity
 18th 6th 3
* June – November only
† Last occurrence of several such events.

Before and during the season, several national weather services and scientific institutes predict how many named storms, hurricanes and severe hurricanes - i.e. category 3 and higher on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale - will form during the season or in a particular one Country impact. These agencies include the Tropical Storm Risk (TSR) Consortium of University College London , the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and Colorado State University (CSU). The forecasts take into account weekly and monthly changes in the significant factors used to determine the numbers of expected tropical storms, hurricanes and major hurricanes in the respective year. Some of these predictions also take into account what happened in comparable hurricane seasons and what stage the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is at. From 1981 to 2010, the average hurricane season saw twelve tropical storms, six hurricanes, and three major hurricanes, and the Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) index was between 66 and 103.

Before the season

The first forecast for 2019 was published by TSR on December 11, 2018 and assumed a slightly below average season with a total of 12 named storms, five hurricanes and two major hurricanes, as TSR expected El Niño conditions during the season. The CSU announced its first forecast on April 4th. This included a nearly average hurricane season with 13 named storms, five hurricanes and two major hurricanes. TSR released an updated forecast on April 5, confirming the previous forecast. The North Carolina State University predicted a slightly above-average activity with 13 to 16 named storms, 5-7 hurricanes, and 2-3 major hurricanes on 16 April. The Weather Company also forecast a slightly above average season on May 6, with 14 named storms, 7 hurricanes and major hurricanes. In its May 21 forecast, the British Met Office assumed 13 named storms, 7 hurricanes and three major hurricanes, as well as an Accumulated Cyclone Energy of 109. The first NOAA forecast was announced on May 23. She called an almost normal season with 9-15 named systems, 4-8 hurricanes and 2-4 major hurricanes likely.

Season course

and display information about the image
Atlantic Hurricane Season 2019, Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale rating

Template: Panorama / Maintenance / Para4

The season kicked off for the fifth year in a row before it officially began as Subtropical Storm Andrea formed on May 20th.

Storms

Subtropical storm Andrea

Subtropical Storm ( SSHWS )
Subtropical storm Andrea 2019-05-20 1745Z.jpg Andrea 2019 track.png
Duration May 20th - May 21st
intensity 35 kn (65 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1006 hPa

On May 17, the NHC for the first time predicted the formation of a low pressure area south of Bermuda that had the potential to develop into a tropical or subtropical storm at a later date. The next day a long area with clouds and thunderstorms developed east of the Bahamas . This disturbance gradually organized itself over the next two days. It moved first westwards and then northwards, but it still lacked a well-defined circulation . However, it turned out late on May 20 during a flight by the Hurricane Hunters that a well-defined center had formed, the sustained wind speeds of which reached storm strength, so that the system associated with a low altitude in the west at 10:30 p.m. UTC as subtropical Storm Andrea was classified. A short time later it reached its peak intensity. The freshly formed storm did not last very long, however, as it encountered dry air from the south and southerly wind shear. These unfavorable conditions meant that Andreas convection collapsed and the storm fell into a residual low a day later.

Hurricane Barry

Category 1 hurricane
Barry 2019-07-12 1931Z.jpg Barry 2019 track.png
Duration July 11th - July 15th
intensity 65 kn (120 km / h ) (1 minute) , 991 hPa

The formation of Barry goes back to an eastward moving, non-tropical low, which was identified on July 2nd over Kansas . On July 7th, it slowed its train speed over Georgia and changed course south. On July 9, the system reached the Gulf of Mexico , where it moved southwest and was declared a tropical depression on July 11. As a tropical storm off the coast of Louisiana on July 13, 2019 near the city of Lafayette , not too high wind speeds were expected when moving north across the coastal area, severe flooding in the storm area around the city of Morgan City in the US state of Louisiana and in the coastal area were predicted; the electricity for about 30,000 people had already failed. A hurricane-speed gust warning was issued between Intracoastal City and Grand Isle, Louisiana . The storm, which had already briefly been upgraded to a category 1 hurricane, then turned west and out to sea directly off the coastline of Louisiana and Texas. Barry initially weakened and then hit in the course of the afternoon ( Central Standard Time ) with 9 km / h very slowly to the north and then moving west at Intracoastal City with its main center and its extensive rain-rich foothills on the coast. In the southeast of the now weakened storm center on land, high wind speeds were still to be expected over the sea off the coast of Texas and Louisiana on the night of Sunday, July 14th. The storm that slowly moved north and then east in the following days (compare the train track above) brought downpours and thunderstorms as far as Pennsylvania , the humidity coincided with a brief heat wave in New York and on the east coast from around July 20, what made this with the humid heat sometimes very stressful.

Tropical Depression Three

Tropical depression
03L 2019-07-22 1810Z.jpg 03L 2019 track.png
Duration July 22nd - July 23rd
intensity 30 kn (55 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1013 hPa

On July 21, the National Hurricane Center attributed the potential to an atmospheric disturbance hundreds of kilometers east of the Bahamas to develop into a storm. The evening of the following day, it was declared a tropical depression. However, it was no longer assumed that the system could intensify further. On July 23, the low pressure area dissolved again.

Tropical storm Chantal

Tropical storm
97L 2019-08-20 1720Z.jpg Chantal 2019 track.png
Duration August 21st - August 24th
intensity 35 kn (65 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1009 hPa

On August 16, a floor trough over northern Florida was said to have little potential to develop into a storm. The low moved in a northeasterly direction out to the Atlantic. Due to the observed rotation and the corresponding wind speeds, the system was declared Tropical Storm Chantal on August 21 ( UTC ) about 1500 kilometers east of New York . The forecasts predicted an easterly migration direction along the northern edge of an Azores high and a gradual decrease in the speed of the movement. Just 24 hours later, Chantal was again downgraded to a tropical depression. After two days of east-south-east migration, the weakening system changed its migration direction to south-southeast and became an extra-tropical low-pressure area in the morning hours of August 24th (UTC).

Hurricane Dorian

Category 5 hurricane
Dorian Geostationary VIS-IR 2019.jpg Dorian 2019 track.png
Duration August 24th - September 9th
intensity 160 kn (295 km / h ) (1 minute) , 910 hPa

On August 19, an extensive tropical wave moved westward from the coast of Africa. On August 22nd, a low pressure area formed between the Cape Verde Islands and the Lesser Antilles . It intensified and became Tropical Storm Dorian on August 24th. On the evening of August 26, the storm hit Barbados , where Grantley Adams International Airport was temporarily closed. In Puerto Rico , governor Wanda Vázquez declared a state of emergency. On August 27, the storm moved directly over St. Lucia , where the high mountains disrupted the circulation of the cyclone near the ground. A new center then formed north of the island state. On the afternoon of August 28, the storm was upgraded to a Category 1 hurricane. Puerto Rico was largely spared the hurricane, but one death related to the storm was recorded. Unlike Hurricane Maria in 2017 , which had a similar track, the cyclone did not weaken over land. For a long time it was uncertain whether and where the cyclone would reach the east coast of the USA.

Rainfall caused by Dorian
Dorian at Abaco on September 1st

On August 30th (US time) it developed into a category 4 hurricane with a pronounced eye with wind speeds of 215 km / h. At that time he was about 650 km east of the Bahamas . The hurricane, moving very slowly at 19 km / h, approached the northern Bahamas from the east in the course of August 31. In the morning hours of September 1st ( EDT local time ), the hurricane was upgraded to Category 5. At that time he was about 55 km east of the island of Great Abaco (northern Bahamas), which he reached in the late afternoon (UTC) at Elbow Cay and crossed with gusts of more than 350 km / h. Up to this point in time (18:00 UTC), the air pressure of the low had dropped further to 911 hPa, the area with hurricane wind strengths had a radius of 75 kilometers. On the night from Sunday to Monday, September 2, Dorian's forward movement almost came to a standstill over the warm water around the island of Grand Bahama ; the eye of the storm had expanded to 20  nautical miles . As a result, the island was exposed to the strongest winds around the eye for more than 24 hours. On September 2, the wind dropped a little and Dorian was downgraded to a Category 4 hurricane. On the same day, Orlando International Airport ceased operations for commercial flights.

According to the IFRC , over 13,000 buildings have been damaged or destroyed in the Bahamas. As of February 28, 2020, at least 74 people were killed in the Bahamas; at the end of October 2019, 282 people were still missing. In the Bahamas, missing persons cannot legally be declared dead for seven years. According to Health Minister Duane Sands, the actual number of victims of the hurricane on the archipelago is more than 200 people. For the Bahamas, Dorian was the strongest hurricane on modern records; There have been reports of storm surges , some 5 to 7 meters high, on the islands affected by the storm, which are largely only a few meters above sea level. As a result of the storm, individual parts of the Bahamas were cut off from each other due to unusable roads and airports. According to the UN emergency aid coordinator , around 70,000 people in the state, whose power supply also failed, needed acute help in the form of clean drinking water, emergency accommodation and food.

On September 3, Dorian was downgraded first to Category 3, later to Category 2, and he gradually began to move north. The radius in which hurricane wind forces occur, however, increased, it was now 95 kilometers. Storm warnings were for the coastal US states, Florida and Virginia .

The next day, on the evening of September 4, the National Hurricane Center reassigned Hurricane Dorian to Category 3. Evacuation has been ordered for more than one million residents of the North Carolina and South Carolina coastlines . On September 5, the hurricane changed direction to the northeast and was downgraded to Category 2 again during the day.

On September 6th, Dorian hit Cape Hatteras (North Carolina) as a Category 1 hurricane , and storm surges caused flooding on the Outer Banks . After that, his train speed increased to over 40 km / h. In the period from September 4th to 6th, 21 tornadoes in the United States were caused by Dorian.

On September 7, just before its eye struck Nova Scotia, the storm was declared an extra-tropical cyclone by the National Hurricane Center. Its wind speed of 155 km / h corresponded to a category 2 hurricane, winds of hurricane strength now occurred in a radius of 185 kilometers, and in storm strength in a radius of 500 kilometers around the center. In Nova Scotia, he caused, among other things, large-scale power outages, which affected more than 330,000 households.

During the course of September 8, the storm weakened, and at 20:00 local time the wind speed was 95 km / h. It was now moving in an east-northeast direction across the Atlantic and finally went up on September 9th in a larger depression.

Dorian is attributed three indirect deaths each in Florida and North Carolina .

The Inter-American Development Bank puts the damage to property in the Bahamas at 3.4 billion US dollars. The national weather agency NOAA estimates the property damage caused by Dorian in the United States at 1.6 billion US dollars. According to the Insurance Bureau of Canada , the Canadian Association of Insurance Companies , the storm caused damage in Canada of over 105 million Canadian dollars.

Tropical storm Erin

Tropical storm
06L 2019-08-27 1750Z.jpg Erin 2019 track.png
Duration August 26th - August 29th
intensity 35 kn (65 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1005 hPa

On August 21, the National Hurricane Center began observing a westerly moving atmospheric disturbance over the Bahamas. When it was on the southern tip of Florida on August 23, its great potential to develop into a storm was recognized. As a result, the system moved in a north-easterly direction out to the Atlantic, where it intensified on August 26 with an easterly migration direction to Tropical Low Pressure Area Six . It was upgraded to Tropical Storm Erin the evening of the following day . Erin was moving west very slowly now. The next day Erin moved a little faster to the north-northwest and weakened again to a tropical low pressure area during the course of the day due to strong wind shear in higher air layers. On August 29, Erin was declared an extra-tropical storm low and rose in the night in a major depression east of Canada.

Tropical Storm Fernand

Tropical storm
Fernand 2019-09-03 1940Z.jpg Fernand 2019 track.png
Duration September 3 - September 5
intensity 45 kn (85 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1000 hPa

A high altitude low coming from the Atlantic developed into an extensive low pressure area in the Gulf of Mexico. It was upgraded to a tropical depression on September 3, and intensified into Tropical Storm Fernand that same day. The Mexican government issued a storm warning for parts of the Tamaulipas coast . The storm hit there on September 4th and caused heavy rainfall, in the state of Nuevo León up to 529 liters of rain were measured. A flash flood caused one person to be killed. The regional government of the state put the economic damage at 383 million US dollars. The storm broke up shortly after 0:00 UTC on September 5 .

Tropical storm Gabrielle

Tropical storm
Gabrielle 2019-09-08 1635Z.jpg Gabrielle 2019 track.png
Duration September 3 - September 11
intensity 55 kn (100 km / h ) (1 minute) , 995 hPa

On September 3, a tropical depression developed about 950 kilometers west-northwest of the Cape Verde Islands . On September 4th, it developed into a tropical storm and was named Gabrielle . It was moving north-westerly across the Atlantic at a speed of 30 km / h. On September 6th, Gabrielle was downgraded to post-tropical cyclone status, but post-tropical analysis showed that Gabrielle retained the characteristics of a tropical storm. A further weakening was expected by the evening, but the system intensified again on the same day. On September 7th, the storm changed course, it was now moving at a speed of around 35 km / h towards west-northwest. The wind field in which storm winds occurred had a radius of 295 kilometers from the center of the storm. On September 8th, the storm reached its greatest strength with wind speeds of 100 km / h. He began to change his direction of migration to north, on September 9th to northeast. On September 10th, Gabrielle turned into an extra-tropical storm depression that dissolved west of the British Isles on September 11th .

Hurricane Humberto

Category 3 hurricane
Humberto 2019-09-18 1535Z.jpg Humberto 2019 track.png
Duration September 12th - September 21st
intensity 110 kn (205 km / h ) (1 minute) , 950 hPa

On September 12, an atmospheric disturbance over the Bahamas was declared Potential Tropical Cyclone Nine . The system was moving in a northwest direction, and the National Hurricane Center expected it to develop into a tropical cyclone in the next day or two. The next day the system was initially designated Tropical Depression Nine and in the evening it was declared Tropical Storm Humberto due to the intensification observed . On September 14, Humberto passed the Abaco Islands in a north-northwest direction at around 10 km / h . On the evening of September 15, the storm turned into a hurricane and changed its direction to the northeast. In the course of September 17, Humberto initially developed into a level 2 hurricane, it was now moving at about 13 km / h in an east-northeast direction. A storm warning has been issued for Bermuda . By the evening it intensified into a Category 3 hurricane. Humberto developed into a large hurricane, the field in which winds with storm strength occurred had a radius of 315 kilometers around the center on September 18, winds with hurricane strength occurred in a radius of 165 kilometers. Wind speeds lasting more than a minute were already 195 km / h. Humberto moved unchanged to the east-northeast, now with an increasing train speed of 26 km / h. During the course of the evening (local time ), the center of Hurricane Humberto passed Bermuda at a distance of 120 kilometers to the north. Some houses were damaged and around 28,000 households were temporarily without electricity. Eleven people were injured. There was also damage at an airport in Bermuda. The financial damage on the archipelago is estimated at over 25 million US dollars.

On September 19, Humberto reached its greatest strength with wind speeds of 205 km / h, before weakening significantly on the same day and changing its direction of movement to northeast. On the night of September 20th, Humberto turned into an extensive extra-tropical storm low. Storm winds occurred within a radius of 610 kilometers and closer to the center it still showed hurricane strength with wind speeds of 155 km / h. He was now moving to the north-northeast at 31 km / h. A gradual decrease in train speed and a more easterly course were predicted. On September 21, Humberto made his last appearance of storm winds and rainbows on Canada's Avalon Peninsula and over the Newfoundland Bank. According to the National Hurricane Center forecast, the storm will have resolved by September 22nd.

Two drowning deaths in the United States are directly attributed to Humberto.

Hurricane Jerry

Category 2 hurricane
Jerry 2019-09-19 1625Z.jpg Jerry 2019 track.png
Duration September 17th - September 25th
intensity 90 kn (165 km / h ) (1 minute) , 976 hPa

On September 13, the National Hurricane Center began observing a tropical wave a few hundred kilometers south-southeast of the Cape Verde Islands for potential intensification. On September 17, the system was declared Tropical Low Pressure Area Ten, some 1,600 miles east of Barbados . It was moving west-northwest at a speed of 19 km / h. In the morning hours of September 18, the depression was declared the tenth named Atlantic cyclone of the year and was named Jerry. During September 19th, NOAA Hurricane Hunters discovered that Jerry had reached hurricane strength. In the evening, Jerry became a Category 2 hurricane. In a radius of 130 kilometers from its center, winds with gale force occurred, hurricane strength they reached in a radius of 35 kilometers.

From September 20, Jerry weakened again, as a Category 1 hurricane he moved at about 28 km / h to west northwest and passed the northern islands over the Leeward . In the early hours of September 21, Jerry was downgraded to a tropical storm and passed north of Puerto Rico during the day . On September 22nd, Jerry changed the direction of migration to north-northwest, and on the evening of September 23, to north. On September 25th, it changed its direction of migration to northeast and turned into a post-tropical storm low. After that, he lost strength very quickly. It only reached Bermuda as a low pressure area without sustained gale force winds, and there was no damage.

Tropical storm Imelda

Tropical storm
Imelda 2019-09-17 1831Z.jpg Imelda 2019 track.png
Duration September 17th - September 19th
intensity 40 kn (75 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1003 hPa

A low pressure area in the Gulf of Mexico , which the NHC has been monitoring closely since September 14 , slowly moved west. In the early morning hours of September 17, the system rapidly intensified near the coast, so that it was declared Tropical Low Pressure Area Elf at 12:00 local time and Tropical Storm Imelda at 12:45. Around this time the storm reached its maximum intensity as its center hit the Texan coast. At 1:00 p.m., its center moved north and at a speed of 11 km / h over Freeport and caused very intense rainfall. Overland, the storm was expected to weaken and Imelda was downgraded to a tropical depression again on the same day.

The rainfall caused by Imelda caused great damage, with parts of Texas recording the most rain since Hurricane Harvey 2017. With up to 1092 liters per square meter in places, Imelda ranks seventh among the wettest tropical cyclones that have ever hit land in the USA. There were widespread floods, especially in Jefferson County and Harris County with the megacity of Houston . Five people were killed and one man was struck by lightning. More than 1000 people had to be rescued from the floods during rescue operations. Many abandoned cars were parked on flooded city streets. In Houston, more than 900 flights had to be canceled. Numerous schools remained closed. Imelda also caused flooding in southwest Louisiana , four planes overturned at Baton Rouge airport due to gusts of wind and the gates of several hangars were torn from their hinges. At least two tornadoes were triggered by the storm. The economic damage caused by Imelda is estimated at nearly $ 5 billion.

Tropical storm Karen

Tropical storm
Karen 2019-09-24 1800Z.jpg Karen 2019 track.png
Duration September 22nd - September 27th
intensity 40 kn (75 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1003 hPa

On September 18, the NHC began observing a tropical wave that had formed a few hundred kilometers west of the Cape Verde Islands . An intensification in the Lesser Antilles region a few days later was considered possible. On the morning of September 22, the system developed into Tropical Storm Karen about 165 kilometers east of Grenada , its winds reaching gale force within a radius of 205 kilometers from the center. Karen was traveling west-northwest at about 15 km / h. Storm warnings have been issued for several islands in the Lesser Antilles. On Tobago caused Karen flooding and power outages due to downed power poles, and also in Venezuela heavy rain made for flooding. On September 23, the migration direction gradually changed to north-northwest. Research aircraft found hardly any continuous wind circulation, which is why it was downgraded to a tropical low pressure area again in the afternoon. On September 24th, the system intensified again into a tropical storm, formed a new center and moved north at 11 km / h. In the evening, the storm crossed Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands , causing intense rainfall. Up to 200 liters of rain fell locally, but apart from a destroyed bridge in Puerto Rico, no major damage was reported. For the next few days, Karen moved north to northeast. On September 27, Karen was initially downgraded to a tropical depression, which a few hours later dissolved into a floor trough .

Hurricane Lorenzo

Category 5 hurricane
Lorenzo 2019-09-29 1339Z.jpg Lorenzo 2019 track.png
Duration September 23rd - October 4th
intensity 140 kn (260 km / h ) (1 minute) , 925 hPa

Due to the favorable atmospheric conditions for the development of a storm, the NHC has been observing the trajectory of a tropical wave over West Africa since September 19 . On September 22nd, the system reached the ocean and showed clear signs of incipient cyclogenesis. In the morning hours of September 23, it was declared Tropical Depression Thirteen. At the time it was about 600 kilometers southeast of the Cape Verde Islands and moving westward at 26 km / h. In the afternoon it developed into a tropical storm and was named Lorenzo. On September 24th, Lorenzo moved west-northwest and grew steadily stronger.

On September 25, Lorenzo was declared the fifth Atlantic hurricane of the season , his eyewall reformed overnight and then intensified rapidly. On the morning of September 26th, it was declared the third severe hurricane of the season in the Atlantic with category 3, a few hours later it reached category 4 with sustained wind speeds of 215 km / h. Lorenzo is a large cyclone, the radius of its wind field in which Storm winds occur is 405 kilometers, in a radius of 75 kilometers from its center there are winds with hurricane strength. On September 26, it changed its direction of migration to north-northwest and reached its greatest intensity in the night of September 27 with sustained winds of 230 km / h. According to forecasts, the hurricane should gradually lose strength and change its direction of movement to northeast over the next few days.

In fact, it initially weakened to a weak Category 3 hurricane, but after another new eyewall formation on September 28, it intensified again to Category 4 and in the night of September 28 to 29 even to Category 5 with lasting ones Wind speeds of 260 km / h.

By September 30th it had weakened again to Category 2, it was now moving with increasing speed in a north-northeast direction, then from evening onwards in a northeast direction. Lorenzo was now large in diameter; Storm winds occurred within a radius of 555 kilometers from its center, and winds with hurricane strength within a radius of 165 kilometers. A storm warning has been issued for the Azores . In the night from October 1st to October 2nd, Lorenzo crossed the archipelago at a train speed of 65 km / h. The western islands of Flores and Corvo were particularly affected. Trees and power poles were knocked down, and the power went out in several communities. Waves reached heights of up to 20 meters. Wind peaks of up to 163 km / h were measured at Corvo airport. The port of the municipality of Lajes das Flores was largely destroyed. The financial damage caused by the storm on the archipelago is estimated at 330 million euros. The hurricane weakened to Category 1 over the Azores, but it still showed sustained winds of 150 km / h. Its wind field increased again, storm winds occurred in a radius of 630 kilometers from the center, hurricane strength they reached in a radius of 240 kilometers. The high waves caused by the storm now reached most of the coasts of the North Atlantic.

On October 2nd, Lorenzo turned into an extra-tropical hurricane low. A change of course to the southeast was predicted on October 3rd or 4th. A storm warning has been issued for the west coast of Ireland . The storm stayed a little longer than expected over the Atlantic, where it weakened. It was not until the night of October 3rd to 4th that he moved across Ireland, where minor damage occurred. A wind peak of 107 km / h was registered. There were local floods and the power supply temporarily went out in around 20,000 households. Weather warnings have also been issued for the south-west of England and parts of Wales , where squalls and heavy rains were expected. After that, the remains of Lorenzo brought wind and precipitation to Central Europe as a low pressure area.

On September 26th, the deep-sea tug Bourbon Rhode was in distress near the eye of the hurricane and reported on an emergency call that water was ingress. It sank around noon UTC . Three crew members were rescued, four were found dead. Seven other members of the crew are missing; they are believed to have perished. Eight people were killed on the US Atlantic coast, where the hurricane caused dangerous surf and surf back currents.

Lorenzo set some meteorological records. As early as September 26, Lorenzo, along with Hurricane Gabrielle from 1989, was the largest and strongest hurricane in the central tropical Atlantic since records began. With its intensification on the evening of September 28th, Lorenzo is the first Category 5 hurricane ever to be observed so late and so far east in the Atlantic. The easternmost category 5 hurricane to date was Hurricane Hugo in 1989, which had reached this category around 1000 kilometers further west. Lorenzo is also the lowest pressure Atlantic hurricane east of 50th western longitude .

Tropical storm Melissa

Tropical storm
Melissa 2019-10-11 1506Z.jpg Melissa 2019 track.png
Duration October 11th - October 15th
intensity 55 kn (100 km / h ) (1 minute) , 994 hPa

On October 5, it became apparent that a depression would form in the western North Atlantic between the Bahamas and the east coast of the United States , which could potentially develop into a storm. Another trough was observed on the southern tip of Florida on October 7th, which was expected to merge with the depression, which occurred on October 10th. The system was already showing winds at gale strength. On October 11, the Nor'easter was declared a subtropical storm Melissa about 300 kilometers south of Nantucket . Storm winds occurred within a radius of 555 kilometers from the center. In individual coastal towns in New Jersey , Delaware and Maryland there were floods from storm surges . The storm moved south-south-west at walking pace, changed its direction to east on October 12, and moved out into the Atlantic at increasing speed. The system changed its characteristics and turned into a tropical storm with a smaller wind field. Storm winds only occurred within a radius of 95 kilometers from the center. On October 14th, Melissa became an extratropical storm low and its resolution was forecast for October 15th.

Tropical Depression Fifteen

Tropical depression
15L 2019-10-15 1445Z.jpg 15L 2019 track.png
Duration October 14th - October 16th
intensity 30 kn (55 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1006 hPa

From October 11th, a tropical wave associated with an extended low was observed over West Africa . It reached the Atlantic two days later with rain and thunderstorms and started to get stronger. The low, moving slowly northwestward, gradually broke away from the tropical wave. On October 14, the system was declared a tropical depression about 370 kilometers off the coast of The Gambia . On October 15, the system reached the eastern Cape Verde Islands , where it caused heavy rainfall and dissolved into a trough in the early hours of October 16 due to dry air and high winds .

Tropical storm Nestor

Tropical storm
Nestor 2019-10-18 1905Z.jpg Nestor 2019 track.png
Duration October 18 - October 21
intensity 50 kn (95 km / h ) (1 minute) , 996 hPa

A low pressure area over Central America anticipated by the National Hurricane Center since October 10 was declared Potential Tropical Cyclone 16 on October 17 in the Gulf of Mexico about 200 kilometers east of Tampico . On October 18, around 400 kilometers south of New Orleans , the system was named Tropical Storm Nestor due to the increasingly well-defined wind circulation. Nestor was now showing sustained winds of 95 km / h and moving at 35 km / h in a northeasterly direction. On October 19, storm winds made themselves felt on the coasts of the Florida Panhandle , while the storm system lost its tropical characteristics and turned into an extra-tropical storm low. 10,000 households in Florida were temporarily without power, several tornadoes were triggered by the storm. Buildings and vehicles were damaged. At 2:00 p.m. local time , Nestor landed on St. Vincent Barrier Island in southern Franklin County . His wind field now had a radius of almost 300 kilometers, persistent winds showed speeds of up to 75 km / h. Storm surges and heavy rainfall caused flooding in some regions of Florida. In Georgia , Nestor also ensured intense rainfall, felled isolated trees and electricity pylons. Tornadoes also developed in Georgia and South Carolina . The storm low crossed the southeastern United States with increasing train speed in a northeastern direction. The remains of Nestor reached the Atlantic near North Carolina on the night of October 21 and were absorbed in a trough .

No people were harmed by direct storm effects. Indirectly, three fatalities in a traffic accident on a wet road could be attributed to Nestor. The economic damage from the storm is estimated at around $ 125 million, with the majority attributed to tornadoes and a smaller proportion to storm surges. The area hardest hit by tornadoes was Kathleen , Florida, where an EF2 tornado caused significant damage to more than 50 homes.

Tropical storm Olga

Tropical storm
Olga 2019-10-25 1905Z.jpg Olga 2019 track.png
Duration October 25th - October 26th
intensity 45 kn (85 km / h ) (1 minute) , 998 hPa

On the morning of October 25th (local time), the Tropical Depression Seventeen formed in the Gulf of Mexico about 300 kilometers east of Brownsville . A few hours later it was declared a tropical storm and was named Olga. The storm moved north-northeast at 30 km / h. The system combined with a cold front on the same day and became an extra-tropical storm low. On October 26th, it hit land and caused intense rainfall in the Mississippi Valley. In Louisiana , more than 130,000 households and the New Orleans airport were without electricity, in Mississippi about 60,000 households. The storm triggered at least one tornado in Alabama . One death from a fallen tree is attributed to the storm.

Hurricane Pablo

Category 1 hurricane
Pablo 2019-10-27 1402Z.jpg Pablo 2019 track.png
Duration October 25th - October 29th
intensity 70 kn (130 km / h ) (1 minute) , 977 hPa

A region south of an elongated depression a few hundred kilometers southwest of the Azores showed signs of intensification on October 25, and was declared Tropical Storm Pablo that same day. While it was embedded in an extensive low pressure area that caused strong winds and high waves in the Azores, Pablo himself was initially a very small storm, the radius in which winds with gale force occurred was only 55 kilometers. It moved in an east-southeast direction and changed its direction of migration to northeast over the course of October 26th. It got a little stronger, showed sustained winds of 95 km / h and a slightly larger wind field. On the night of October 27, the storm passed the eastern islands of the Azores with increasing train speed. On October 27, Pablo reached hurricane strength at longitude 18.3 degrees west . Although it was already above relatively cold water, it was able to intensify during the day and reached sustained wind speeds of 130 km / h. On the night of October 28, Pablo weakened again to a tropical storm and changed its direction of movement to north. In the course of the day it turned into an extra-tropical storm low, and in the first hours of October 29 it was absorbed by the larger surrounding low pressure area.

Meteorologically, Pablo is remarkable: it is the furthest easterly formed hurricane since records began. The previous record holder, Hurricane Vince , became a hurricane in 2005 at 18.9 ° west longitude. At times its center was just 700 km west of Portugal . Pablo is also the hurricane hurricane from the second furthest north to date, the record holder is an unnamed hurricane from 1971. The low water temperature at the point where the hurricane formed was also exceptional. Normally, hurricanes need a water temperature of at least 26 degrees for their formation, but with Pablo the water temperatures were only around 18 degrees. However, since the altitude temperatures were very low and the altitude low, the temperature differences between water and mountain air were sufficiently large for the hurricane to form. In addition, the wind shear was low, which also favored its development.

Subtropical storm Rebekah

Subtropical Storm ( SSHWS )
99L 2019-10-30 1510Z.jpg Rebekah 2019 track.png
Duration October 30th - November 1st
intensity 45 kn (85 km / h ) (1 minute) , 982 hPa

On October 30, a large area of ​​low pressure in the North Atlantic intensified and was declared Subtropical Storm Rebekah. The storm moved eastwards and began to weaken on the evening of October 31st. On November 1, the system became an extra-tropical low and soon dissolved.

Tropical storm Sebastien

Tropical storm
Sebastien 2019-11-24 1340Z.jpg Sebastien 2019 track.png
Duration November 19 - November 25
intensity 60 kn (110 km / h ) (1 minute) , 991 hPa

A low pressure system that had been anticipated a few days earlier was declared Tropical Storm Sebastien on November 19, about 420 kilometers northeast of Barbuda . On November 20, the northward moving storm became stronger and reached sustained wind speeds of 95 km / h. On November 21, it changed course and pulled towards the northeast with relatively constant intensity and increasing speed. On November 23, Sebastien reached its greatest intensity with wind speeds of 110 km / h. When Sebastien turned into an extra-tropical storm low near the Azores on the night of November 25th, his train speed was 65 km / h. The extra-tropical storm low reached wind speeds of 110 km / h on November 25th. On the western islands of the Azores, the storm felled some trees and occasionally damaged roofs.

Storm names

The list of names below was used for the tropical and subtropical storms that formed in the North Atlantic in 2019 . If names are deleted from them for the future, the World Meteorological Organization will announce this in spring 2021. (The 42nd meeting of the RA IV Hurricane Committee has been postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic .) The remaining names will be reused in 2025 . This list is the same as the one used during the 2013 season - with the exception of the name Imelda , who replaced Ingrid .

  • Andrea
  • Barry
  • Chantal
  • Dorian
  • Erin
  • Fernand
  • Gabrielle
  • Humberto
  • Imelda
  • Jerry
  • Karen
  • Lorenzo
  • Melissa
  • Nestor
  • Olga
  • Pablo
  • Rebekah
  • Sebastien

Seasonal effects

The following table lists all tropical systems of the 2019 Atlantic hurricane season and, in addition to their names, indicates the duration, the peak intensity according to the classification of the National Hurricane Center and, if available and / or applicable, the total damage and the number of fatalities. These values ​​usually include previous systems and extra-tropical phases of the system. The stated damage amounts are US dollars and are based on 2019 prices.

Surname Duration Top classification constant
wind speeds 		Air pressure affected areas Damage
(USD) 		dead supporting documents
Andrea May 20th to May 21st Subtropical storm 65 km / h 1006 hPa Bermuda 000000000000000.00000000000 000000000000000.00000000000
Barry July 11th to July 15th Category 1 hurricane 120 km / h 991 hPa Louisiana 600 million 000000000000001.00000000001
Three July 22nd to July 23rd Tropical depression 55 km / h 1013 hPa Bahamas , Florida 000000000000000.00000000000 000000000000000.00000000000
Chantal August 21st to August 24th Tropical storm 65 km / h 1009 hPa Southeast USA 000000000000000.00000000000 000000000000000.00000000000
Dorian August 24th to September 9th Category 5 hurricane 295 km / h 910 hPa Leeward Islands , Bahamas , US East Coast, Canada East Coast at least 5.08 billion at least 81
Erin August 26th to August 29th Tropical storm 65 km / h 1005 hPa 000000000000000.00000000000 000000000000000.00000000000
Fernand September 3rd to September 5th Tropical storm 85 km / h 1000 hPa Northeast of Mexico 383 million 000000000000001.00000000001
Gabrielle September 3 to September 11 Tropical storm 100 km / h 995 hPa 000000000000000.00000000000 000000000000000.00000000000
Humberto September 12th to September 21st Category 3 hurricane 205 km / h 950 hPa Bahamas , Bermuda at least 25 million 000000000000002.00000000002
Jerry September 17th to September 25th Category 2 hurricane 165 km / h 976 hPa 000000000000000.00000000000 000000000000000.00000000000
Imelda September 17th to September 19th Tropical storm 75 km / h 1003 hPa Texas , Louisiana almost 5 billion 000000000000006.00000000006th
Karen September 22nd to September 27th Tropical storm 75 km / h 1003 hPa Leeward Islands , Trinidad and Tobago , Venezuela , Puerto Rico , Virgin Islands low 000000000000000.00000000000
Lorenzo September 23 to October 4 Category 5 hurricane 260 km / h 925 hPa Azores , British Isles at least 355 million 000000000000019.000000000019th
Melissa October 11th to October 15th Tropical storm 100 km / h 994 hPa New Jersey , Delaware , Maryland minimal 000000000000000.00000000000
Fifteen October 14th to October 16th Tropical depression 55 km / h 1006 hPa Cape Verde Islands 000000000000000.00000000000 000000000000000.00000000000
Nestor October 18 to October 21 Tropical storm 95 km / h 996 hPa Florida , Georgia , South Carolina , North Carolina , Virginia 125 million 000000000000000.00000000000
Olga October 25th to October 26th Tropical storm 85 km / h 998 hPa Louisiana , Mississippi , Alabama 400 million 000000000000001.00000000001
Pablo October 25th to October 29th Category 1 hurricane 130 km / h 977 hPa Azores 000000000000000.00000000000 000000000000000.00000000000
Rebekah October 30th to November 1st Subtropical storm 85 km / h 982 hPa 000000000000000.00000000000 000000000000000.00000000000
Sebastien November 19 to November 25 Tropical storm 110 km / h 991 hPa Azores minimal 000000000000000.00000000000
Season overall
20 systems May 20th to November 25th 295 km / h 910 hPa at least 111

See also

supporting documents

  1. ↑ Philip Klotzbach: The Atlantic has now had named storms form prior to June 1 in five consecutive years: 2015–2019. This breaks the old record of named storm formations prior to June 1 in four consecutive years set in 1951–1954. ( English ) Twitter. May 20, 2019. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
  2. ↑ Hurricane Dorian makes landfall in Bahamas with 'life-threatening' 185 mph winds ( English ) nbcnews.com. September 1, 2019. Accessed September 1, 2019.
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  6. ↑ a b 2019 Hurricane Season Expected to Be Near Average, Colorado State University Says Outlook ( English ) Retrieved on May 30 of 2019.
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  8. ↑ a b Tracey Peake: NC State Researchers Predict Normal 2019 Hurricane Season for East Coast ( English ) NC State University. April 16, 2019. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
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Web links

Commons : Atlantic Hurricane Season 2019  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files
 Wikinews: Hurricane Dorian hits Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico, endangers Florida,
  report with detailed analysis dated August 29, 2019  - News