Atlantic hurricane season 2020

Atlantic hurricane season 2020

All the storms of the season
Formation of the first storm	17th May 2020
Dissolution of the last storm
Strongest storm	Eta - 923  hPa  ( mbar ), 130  kn  (240  km / h )
Tropical lows	30th
Storms	29 (record)
Hurricanes	12
Severe hurricanes ( Cat. 3+ )	5
Total number of victims	≥ 394
Total damage	~> 26.6 billion
Atlantic hurricane season 2018 , 2019 , 2020 , 2021 , 2022

The tropical systems Paulette, Rene, Sally, Teddy and Vicky in the Atlantic. On the left, the tropical storm Karina in the Pacific and the cloud of smoke from the forest fires in California .

The 2020 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 2020 and ends on November 30, 2020. During this period, most hurricanes usually form in the northern Atlantic Ocean , as only at this time suitable conditions such as a warmed ocean , humid air and little wind shear prevail, which allow the formation of tropical cyclones.

Since the start of the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season , the National Hurricane Center (NHC) has been able to issue warnings about disturbances that do not yet have tropical characteristics but that have high potential for tropical cyclogenesis and expect storm or hurricane conditions for inhabited areas within 48 hours will. Such systems are considered potential tropical cyclone called ( "potential tropical cyclones").

The season set various records; among other things, the majority of all storms formed earlier than all previous ones with the same initial letter. As of September 18, shortly after halfway through the season, 23 named storms had already formed, so that the originally specified 21 names were not sufficient and for the second time ever names of the letters of the Greek alphabet had to be used.

With Hurricane Eta there was the beginning of November the 28th named storm. This number was previously only reached in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season; At that time the 28th storm did not form until December 29th. With twelve hurricanes, the season is tied with 1969 and 2010 and is second in the season with the most hurricanes, only in 2005 with 15 more hurricanes formed. With twelve landfalls from named storms (tropical storms or hurricanes), the season is also the one with the most landfalls in the United States since records began. The previous record holder was the 1916 season with 9 landfalls. On average, 3.2 storms hit the United States per season.

Season forecasts

Tropical activity predictions for the 2020 season

source	date	named storms	Hurricanes	severe hurricanes
Average (1981-2010)		12.1	6.4	2.7
highest recorded activity		28	15th	7th
lowest recorded activity		4th	2 †	0 †
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– –––––
TSR	19th December 2019	15th	7th	4th
CSU	April 2, 2020	16	8th	4th
TSR	April 7, 2020	16	8th	3
UA	April 13, 2020	19th	10	5
TWC	April 15, 2020	18th	9	4th
NCSU	17th April 2020	18-22	8-11	3-5
PSU	April 21, 2020	15-24	n / A	n / A
SMN	May 20, 2020	15-19	7-9	3-4
UKMO	May 20, 2020	13 *	7 *	3 *
NOAA	May 21, 2020	13-19	6-10	3-6
TSR	May 28, 2020	17th	8th	3
CSU	4th June 2020	19th	9	4th
NOAA	August 6, 2020	19-25	7-11	3-6
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– –––––
	actual activity	-	-	-
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– –––––
* June – November only † Link to the last season of this activity in this storm class until 2010.

Before and during the season, several national weather services and scientific institutes predict how many named storms, hurricanes and severe hurricanes - i.e. category 3 and higher on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale - will form during the season or in a particular one Country impact. These agencies include the Tropical Storm Risk (TSR) Consortium of University College London , the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and Colorado State University (CSU).

The NOAA classifies a season as above average, almost normal or below average by comparing the expected numbers for named storms, the number of expected hurricanes and the number of major hurricanes, and the expected ACE index with the average values ​​of the comparison period.

Before the start of the season

On December 19, 2019 Tropical Storm Risk (TSR), an association of experts in insurance, risk management and seasonal climate forecasting at University College London , published a longer-term forecast that assumed a slightly above-average active season. According to this, TSR expected the formation of 15 named storms, including 7 hurricanes and four of them severe hurricanes, and an ACE index of 105. This forecast was based on the assumption of almost average trade winds and a slightly above average sea ​​surface temperature in the tropical Atlantic and a neutral phase of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. On April 2nd, the weather forecasters at Colorado State University confirmed the expectation of an above-average season. They assumed 16 named storms, including 8 hurricanes, of which four were severe hurricanes and an Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) index of 150. The CSU also expected significantly increased probabilities for hurricane suit tracks through the Caribbean and for hurricanes that hit the American coast to meet. On April 7, TSR updated its forecast to 16 named storms, including eight hurricanes, including three major hurricanes, and the 130 ACE index. The University of Arizona (UA) predicted a potentially hyperactive hurricane season on April 13: 19 named storms, including ten hurricanes, including five major hurricanes and an ACE index 163. Two days later, The Weather Company issued a very similar forecast with 18 named storms, including nine hurricanes and four of them major hurricanes. The April 17 forecast by North Carolina State University was in a similar range. According to this, 18–22 named storms would form, of which 8–11 would be hurricane strength and 3–5 would reach category 3 and thus the status of a severe hurricane. The British Met Office named 13 named storms, 7 hurricanes and three major hurricanes as well as an Accumulated Cyclone Energy of 110 as the most likely seasonal dates on May 20.

Some officials have voiced concerns that hurricane season could worsen the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic . Wilmington , North Carolina Mayor Bill Saffo said it was a "nightmare scenario," and former director of the Florida Division of Emergency Management, Brian Koon, believes that "even FEMA could be overwhelmed ". It is considered critical that evacuations are made much more difficult due to fears of transmitting the virus and the rules of spatial distancing can no longer be observed in emergency aid in disaster areas.

After the start of the season

On August 6, 2020, NOAA increased its forecast to 19-25 storms from its pre-season forecast, after 9 named storms had already occurred at this point. Typically, 95% of all storms occur between mid-August and late October, while June and July tend to be comparatively calm months, with only about two storms forming in normal seasons. The forecast is the highest NOAA has ever issued. The director of the National Weather Service, Louis Uccellini , was also expecting one of the most active seasons on record. With the development of Tropical Low Twenty-seven into Tropical Storm Epsilon, this forecast also became invalid.

Season overview

Systems

Tropical storm Arthur

Tropical storm
Duration	May 16 - May 19
intensity	50 kn (95 km / h ) (1 minute) , 991 hPa

On May 12th, the NHC said the formation of a tropical depression for the weekend of 16./17 for the first time. May northeast of the Bahamas ahead. At 11:25 p.m. UTC on May 13, the NHC began monitoring a gravure trough in the Florida Strait . The system then made a curve to the north, just off the coast of Florida. On May 16 at 18:00 UTC, data collected from a flight by the Hurricane Hunters revealed that the disturbance had become better defined and that the thunderstorm activity was increasing. The NHC announced at 8:23 p.m. UTC that the first tropical depression of the season had formed. At around 11 p.m., the low was finally upgraded to a tropical storm. This makes the 2020 Atlantic hurricane season the sixth in a row that a named storm formed before the official start on June 1.

Tropical storm Bertha

Tropical storm
Duration	May 27th - May 28th
intensity	45 kn (85 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1004 hPa

Tropical Storm Bertha formed off the coast of Carolina on May 27, 2020. A short time later, Bertha hit the land and subsequently weakened again to a tropical low, which brings large amounts of rain with it. Bertha is the second storm of the season that occurred before the official start of the season on June 1, 2020. This makes the 2020 season only the fifth since 1851, when there were two named storms on May 27.

The storm damage is estimated at more than $ 200 million.

Tropical storm Cristobal

Tropical storm
Duration	June 2nd - June 10th
intensity	50 kn (95 km / h ) (1 minute) , 994 hPa

On June 1, 2020, a tropical low formed in the Gulf of Mexico , which after intensifying on June 2, developed into Tropical Storm Cristobal. Cristobal set a new record: the third named storm of the season has never formed earlier. On June 4, it weakened to a tropical low after moving across eastern Mexico, causing heavy rainfall and flooding there. Then he moved back to the open sea. Together with the Pacific storm Amanda , the remains of which became Cristobal, it caused at least 30 deaths in Mexico and Central America, in particular from floods and landslides as a result of heavy rain.

On June 5th, Cristobal was upgraded to a tropical storm again after intensifying. On the evening of June 7, 2020, it hit land in southeast Louisiana with a wind speed of 45 knots. In Louisiana, the storm led to floods and damaged a sand dune on Grand Isle that was raised to protect against storm surges . Flood warnings have been issued for an area stretching from Florida to Wisconsin . After making landfall, Cristobal migrated as far as Wisconsin, further northwest than any other tropical system since recording began.

The catastrophe forecasting company Karen Clark & ​​Company assumes a privately insured damage value of approx. 150 million US dollars from Cristobal for the USA alone. This sum does not include claims that are settled under the National Flood Insurance Program. Overall, the damage is estimated to be at least $ 665 million. At least 2 people were killed.

Tropical storm dolly

Tropical storm
Duration	June 22nd - June 24th
intensity	40 kn (75 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1002 hPa

On June 22, 2020, a subtropical low formed in the Atlantic Ocean, about 320 miles east of Massachusetts. A day later, the system strengthened and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Dolly. Dolly was the third earliest D-Storm on record; The record holder is Danielle , who achieved tropical storm status on June 20, 2016. On June 24th, Dolly was downgraded to a tropical low and a few hours later was declared an extra-tropical storm.

Tropical storm Edouard

Tropical storm
Duration	July 4th - July 6th
intensity	40 kn (75 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1005 hPa

On July 4, 2020, tropical low five formed west of Bermuda. On the morning of July 6, 2020, the tropical storm Edouard emerged from the low. It is the earliest fifth named tropical storm to form in the Atlantic since records began. Towards the evening of the same day the storm became extra-tropical.

Tropical storm Fay

Tropical storm
Duration	July 9th - July 11th
intensity	50 kn (95 km / h ) (1 minute) , 998 hPa

On July 4, 2020, observations began on a trough off the coast of Louisiana , which moved off the coast of North Carolina in the following days . The tropical storm Fay formed there on July 9, 2020. Fay is the earliest sixth named tropical storm in the Atlantic on record. F-storms usually do not form until the beginning of September. The emergence was favored by the above-average warm water off the coast of Carolina. Fay is expected to bring heavy rainfall over parts of the US east coast. On July 10, Fay hit land in Ocean County , New Jersey with winds of 50 miles per hour. A storm warning has been issued for the states of Delaware , New Jersey, New York , including New York City , Connecticut and parts of Rhode Island . The storm then weakened over southeast New York State and was downgraded to a tropical low on July 11, before being declared an extra-tropical low that day.

The storm tore u. a. Power poles and trees around and caused a storm surge. The insured damage (excluding the National Flood Insurance Program) is estimated at around US $ 400 million. Other sources quote about $ 350 million. Five people died.

Tropical storm Gonzalo

Tropical storm
Duration	July 21st - July 25th
intensity	55 kn (100 km / h ) (1 minute) , 997 hPa

On July 21, 2020, Tropical Deep Seven formed over the central tropical Atlantic. On the morning of July 22, 2020, the westward moving low intensified into a tropical storm. This made Gonzalo the earliest G-storm on record. In the long-term average, the seventh storm of the season does not occur until September 16. On July 25, 2020, the storm dissolved off the coast of Venezuela .

Hurricane Hanna

Category 1 hurricane
Duration	July 23rd - July 27th
intensity	80 kn (150 km / h ) (1 minute) , 973 hPa

On July 23, 2020, tropical deep eight formed in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Tropical storm warnings have been issued for parts of the Texan coast. On the evening of the same day, the low was upgraded to Tropical Storm Hanna. Hanna is the earliest H-storm on record. It replaced Tropical Storm Harvey as the previous record holder, which had formed on August 3, 2005. It was expected to cause heavy rain and storm surge after going ashore in South Texas. The region was severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic even before Hanna arrived . On July 25, shortly before the expected landfall, Hanna intensified to a level 1 hurricane, making it the first hurricane of the 2020 season. The first hurricane of the season usually occurs around August 10. Tropical rains extended to Houston and Galveston in north Texas.

On July 25, 2020 at around 5 p.m. local time, Hanna hit land as a strong Category 1 hurricane near Padre Island , about 100 km from the Mexican border, with winds of 150 kilometers per hour. Foothills also hit more distant regions such as Nueces County with the city of Corpus Christi , where the storm had arrived in the morning and brought rain and stormy weather. The state of disaster was declared in 32 counties.

A few hours after landfall, Hanna weakened first to a tropical storm and towards the Mexican city of Monterrey . It was finally downgraded to tropical low the following day. Hanna caused 15 inches (approx. 38 cm) of precipitation in parts of southern Texas in less than a day , and even greater amounts of rain were expected locally. In addition, the hurricane caused a storm surge and locally many flash floods. More than 200,000 Texas electricity customers were temporarily without electricity; the Magic Valley Electric Cooperative announced that their customers would have to be prepared for a longer period without electricity.

In Mexico, at least 5 people were killed in the storm and several people are also missing. More than 700 people lost their homes. Overall, the storm caused at least $ 775 million in damage in the United States and more than $ 100 million in Mexico.

Hurricane Isaias

Category 1 hurricane
Duration	July 28th - August 5th
intensity	75 kn (140 km / h ) (1 minute) , 987 hPa

On July 28, 2020, the National Hurricane Center began issuing warnings regarding potential Tropical Storm Nine. This is not yet a fully developed tropical cyclone, but the wind speed already corresponds to one. A development into a tropical storm is expected. On the late evening of July 29, 2020, the storm that was south of Puerto Rico at the time was named Isaias after a rotation center had formed. Isaias is the earliest I-storm on record; the previous record was held by Irene , who was declared a tropical storm on August 7, 2005. With Isaias, there were also five named storms in July, which also only happened once before, in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season . Isaias then intensified further, whereupon he was upgraded to a hurricane. He also set a record with this, because never before had there been two hurricanes in the last week of July.

In Puerto Rico, Isaias caused heavy rainfalls of an estimated 50 and 100 liters per square meter, locally 150 liters are said to have fallen. In addition, the storm is blamed for power outages that affected more than 300,000 people. Up to 250 liters per square meter are expected on Hispaniola . Florida planned to suspend all COVID-19 testing from Thursday afternoon until further notice in preparation for the storm. The state is particularly hard hit by the pandemic.

After Isaias hit Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and the Bahamas as a hurricane , it weakened into a powerful tropical storm. He then moved a short distance and parallel to the Florida coast north towards Carolina. On the evening of August 3, it hit land in North Carolina with winds of more than 130 km / h. A few hours earlier, it had intensified again into a Category 1 hurricane. In addition to a storm surge, rainfalls of up to 200 liters per square meter are expected.

After making landfall in Carolina, Isaias weakened again slightly to a strong tropical storm and moved on to New England via Washington, DC and New York City . There it brought considerable amounts of rain with it, caused streams to overflow their banks, flooded streets, uprooted trees and damaged some buildings and infrastructure. In addition, according to preliminary information, several tornadoes formed , which in turn caused damage. Power outages affected approximately 3 million households in half a dozen states. Hospitals in New Jersey were also affected by the blackouts. More than two million people were still without electricity after a day; in some regions it was anticipated that several days would be needed to restore supplies. In New Jersey, electricity operators were hoping to restore about 80 percent of supplies by Friday, August 7th.

15 people were killed in the USA and three more people died in the Caribbean and Canada. Overall, the hurricane caused damage amounting to more than 5 billion dollars in the USA and at least 225 million dollars in the Caribbean and Canada.

On August 5th, Isaias was declared an extra-tropical storm.

Tropical low ten

Tropical depression
Duration	July 31st - August 2nd
intensity	30 kn (55 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1007 hPa

On July 31, 2020, the Tropical Low Ten formed in the Eastern Atlantic, near the African coast. In the early morning of August 2nd, the low dissolved again.

Tropical Storm Josephine

Tropical storm
Duration	August 11th - August 16th
intensity	40 kn (75 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1005 hPa

On August 11, 2020, the Tropical Deep Elf formed in the Atlantic. On August 13, the low was declared Tropical Storm Josephine. Josephine is the earliest J-Storm on record; the previous record was held by Jose , who formed on August 22, 2005. On August 16, 2020, the storm initially weakened to a tropical low and dissolved a few hours later.

Tropical storm Kyle

Tropical storm
Duration	August 14th - August 16th
intensity	45 kn (85 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1000 hPa

On August 14, 2020, tropical storm Kyle formed off the US east coast, approximately 185 miles southeast of Atlantic City . Kyle is the earliest K-storm on record; the previous record was held by Hurricane Katrina , which formed on August 24, 2005. Kyle formed more than 3 months earlier than typical K-storms. In the long-term average, the eleventh named storm does not form until November 23, shortly before the official end of the hurricane season. Kyle then moved on to the northeast and posed no threat to mainland America. On August 16, he became extra-tropical.

Hurricane Laura

Category 4 hurricane
Duration	August 20 - August 29
intensity	130 kn (240 km / h ) (1 minute) , 937 hPa

course

On August 20, 2020 (0300 UTC), Tropical Low Thirteen formed in the central tropical Atlantic. On August 21, the system that was north of the Lesser Antilles at that time was declared Tropical Storm Laura. Laura is the earliest L-storm on record. A tropical storm warning has been issued for Puerto Rico , the US Virgin Islands , the Turks and Caicos Islands, and parts of the Antilles and the Bahamas .

Laura then moved to the Gulf of Mexico via Hispaniola and Cuba. There it intensified into a hurricane. On the night of August 25-26, Laura began to intensify rapidly, intensifying into a third category hurricane, and later that day into a category four hurricane. In the early morning of August 27, Laura hit land near Cameron, Louisiana near the Texas-Louisiana border with winds of 150 mph, just below the threshold of a Category 5 hurricane. After landfall, Laura weakened herself into a tropical storm in several steps as she moved further north towards Arkansas . There it finally weakened to a tropical low on the evening of August 27th.

Laura is the fifth strongest storm by wind speed to hit the US mainland since records began and, along with the Last Island Hurricane of 1856, the strongest landfall in Louisiana. In addition, together with Hurricane Karl from 2010 , it holds the record for the fastest intensification of a storm in the Gulf of Mexico. Both storms intensified at 65 miles per hour (about 105 km / h) within 24 hours . Laura is also the seventh named storm to hit the US coast in 2020, which is also a new record at this point in the season. Most landfalls were recorded in the 1916 Atlantic hurricane season , which had a total of nine landfalls by the time it ended.

consequences

Caribbean

on August 24th between Jamaica and Cuba

For the Dominican Republic, Haiti and Cuba, between 4 and 8 inches of rain (approx. 100 to 200 liters / m²) were expected, locally up to 12 inches (300 liters / m²), which posed a risk of flooding and mudslides. For the Turks and Caico Islands, the southeastern Bahamas, Jamaica and the Florida Keys , 1–3 inches of rain (25 to 75 liters / m²) were expected.

According to the National Hurricane Center, Haiti, where a disaster alert had been raised before the storm hit, experienced "torrential rains and life-threatening floods." The Dominican Republic also suffered flooding and major power outages, affecting more than a million people. In addition, more than 100,000 people in the Dominican Republic were without a water supply. In Puerto Rico, more than 200,000 people suffered from power outages.

At least 31 people were killed in Haiti, eight were still missing as of August 29. Four people were killed in the storm in the Dominican Republic. The economic damage in the Caribbean is more than $ 100 million.

In Cuba, over which Laura pulled as a severe tropical storm with wind speeds of up to 105 km / h, it damaged more than 2,000 residential buildings. In addition, there were large-scale power outages and failures in cellular communications and the Internet. More than 435,000 people were evacuated before the storm hit. There were no deaths as a result of the storm in Cuba.

United States

High-rise building badly damaged by Laura.

Devastated street.

National Guard cleaning up after Hurricane Laura pulled through.

In the United States, hurricane warnings have been issued for parts of the coast from Texas to Louisiana , including parts of the city of Houston . In addition to the high wind speeds, which can be more than 190 km / h in the area of ​​the Eyewall, between 125 and 250 liters of rain / m², locally up to 450 l / m², which can lead to large-scale flash floods and flooding, are expected. In addition, the National Hurricane Center warned of an “unsurvivable” storm surge five to seven meters above normal that could possibly coincide with the normal tide and, due to the flat terrain, could penetrate up to about 65 km inland. It is also feared that the sensitive coastal landscape, which is mainly composed of sand, will be extensively remodeled, including the destruction of the villages in the path of the storm.

In several dozen Texas counties, disasters had already been declared before Laura arrived. More than half a million people in coastal, flat regions in the two states have been ordered to evacuate. The evacuations in Louisiana were the largest since Hurricane Gustav in 2008. 310 oil drilling platforms were also evacuated off the US Gulf Coast; In addition, various oil refineries and a liquefied natural gas terminal were temporarily shut down and preparations were made for other refineries. The region affected by Laura is about 45% of US refining capacity and 17% of oil production capacity.

The entire National Guard was called up in Louisiana .

Laura caused severe havoc on her way to landfall from the high wind speeds she brought with her. In Lake Charles , which was right on her train track, she caused severe damage to buildings, shattered windows and knocked down trees. In addition, Laura moved through a strongly industrial region with many companies from the petrochemical and oil industry , whose systems can release a large number of pollutants if damaged and thus pose a danger to surrounding settlements, in which financially disadvantaged minorities often live. In Westlake , Laura started a fire in a chemical plant that uses large amounts of chlorine . Due to escaping chlorine and the "chemical fire", a. a dangerous goods alarm is triggered and residents are instructed not to leave their homes.

Laura also caused a significant storm surge, but it had its greatest effect in a part of Louisiana, where there are mostly largely unpopulated wetlands. Subsequent analysis indicated that the storm surge reached a height of 17.2 feet or more above ground (approximately 5.2 m) or more than 20 feet (> 6 m) above sea level. This is one of the ten highest values ​​ever measured in the Gulf of Mexico. This height was reached at Rutherford Beach , just a few kilometers east of the Calcasieu River , which would have allowed the storm surge direct access to Port Arthur . Since they were west of the train track, the Texas cities of Port Arthur and Beaumont came with manageable damage such as damaged roofs and broken trees from the storm. A weather radar was also destroyed in Lake Charles. In addition, more than 910,000 people were affected by power outages.

In the area of ​​the railway, warnings of tornadoes and flash floods as a result of heavy rainfall were also issued inland . The latter apply u. a. for parts of Arkansas , Missouri , Kentucky , Tennessee , Mississippi, and Alabama .

According to initial estimates (as of August 28, 2020) the hurricane caused damage of more than $ 10 billion, although it hit relatively sparsely populated regions in the USA; other sources give a possible damage amount between 25 and 30 billion dollars. A work-up from September 2020 names a damage amount of more than 14 billion dollars. At least 33 people were killed in Texas and Louisiana.

A few days after the landfall, the parts of Louisiana affected by the storm suffered a massive heat wave with temperatures above 40 ° C and a humidity of more than 80%, which is difficult to bear physically . This compounded the effects of the storm, as at that point hundreds of thousands of people were still without electricity for air conditioning and had no access to tap water due to damaged water infrastructure. On September 20, more than 30,000 people were still without electricity and without access to a functioning water supply. At the beginning of October, more than a month after Laura landed, at least 13,000 needy people were still counted in the USA who had to live in hotels due to the hurricane. At that time, large parts of Cameron Parish were still under mandatory evacuation orders.

After the storm passed through and the heavy rains that went with it, there was a mass increase in mosquitoes in Louisiana , which stung farm animals in large swarms. Several hundred cattle and some horses died directly from blood loss after numerous stings and indirectly from exhaustion after fleeing the swarms.

Hurricane Marco

Category 1 hurricane
Duration	August 20 - August 25
intensity	65 kn (120 km / h ) (1 minute) , 991 hPa

On August 20, 2020, Tropical Low Fourteen formed in the western central Caribbean. In the late evening of August 21, the low that was then in the Northwest Caribbean was upgraded to Tropical Storm Marco. Marco is the earliest M-storm on record. Marco then moved to the Gulf of Mexico and the US coast. A hurricane warning has been issued for parts of Mexico near Cancun .

On August 23rd, Marco was promoted to a hurricane. A few hours later it weakened again to a tropical storm. On the evening of August 24th, it hit land as a weak tropical storm in Louisiana , near the mouth of the Mississippi River . Shortly afterwards it was declared a post-tropical storm moving westwards on August 25th with further decreasing wind speeds.

Marco cost a human life and caused approximately $ 25 million in damage in the United States. In the Caribbean and Mexico, the damage is in the double-digit million range.

Tropical Storm Omar

Tropical storm
Duration	August 31st - September 5th
intensity	35 kn (65 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1003 hPa

On August 31, 2020, Tropical Low Fifteen formed off the coast of Carolina. It was expected that the low would develop into a tropical storm. This should move to the open Atlantic without hitting the mainland. On the evening of September 1st, the low was declared Tropical Storm Omar. Omar is the earliest fifteenth storm on record. Previously, up to September 1, no more than 12 storms had formed. The previous record was held by Hurricane Ophelia , which was declared a tropical storm on September 7, 2005. On the evening of September 2, Omar was again downgraded to a tropical low.

Hurricane Nana

Category 1 hurricane
Duration	September 1st - September 4th
intensity	65 kn (120 km / h ) (1 minute) , 994 hPa

On September 1, 2020, the National Hurricane Center began issuing reports on Potential Tropical Storm Sixteen that had occurred in the Caribbean. At this point the system was already stormy, but not yet closed. After this changed, it was declared Tropical Storm Nana that same day. A storm warning has been issued for parts of Honduras and Belize . Nana is the earliest N-storm on record.

On the night of September 2nd to 3rd, 2020, Nana intensified into a Category 1 hurricane. Shortly afterwards, it hit land in Belize with winds of 120 km / h. Warnings were given against heavy rains, landslides and dangerous storm surges in Honduras, Guatemala and southeastern Mexico . In Belize, the government urged residents of affected stretches of coast to move to safety. More than 1,100 people were housed in emergency shelters, where mask requirements and distance rules apply due to the Covid 19 pandemic. Since Nana was a comparatively small storm and hurricane conditions only occurred within a radius of around ten miles (around 16 kilometers) from the center of the landfall, it was expected that it would cause damage primarily through heavy rainfall of up to around 200 liters per square meter , while the effects of wind and storm surge were judged to be manageable.

After landfall, Nana weakened to a tropical storm again and turned into a tropical low that same day. On the morning of September 4th, the low dissolved.

Nana caused more than $ 20 million in damage in Central America.

Hurricane Paulette

Category 2 hurricane
Duration	September 7th - September 23rd
intensity	90 kn (165 km / h ) (1 minute) , 965 hPa

On the morning of September 7, 2020 (UTC), a tropical low of Seventeen formed in the central Atlantic. On the same day it was declared Tropical Storm Paulette after reinforcement. Paulette is the earliest-to-occur sixteenth named storm on record. At around 3:00 a.m. UTC on September 13, Paulette reached hurricane strength.

On September 14th, Paulette hit Bermuda directly as a Category 1 hurricane . Almost the entire island was in the eye of the storm, which intensified into a Category 2 hurricane as it passed through. There was no major damage, but the power went out at 20,000 customers. On September 16, Paulette, which at that time still had hurricane-force winds, transformed into a post-tropical system. The NHC continued to monitor the system and re-classified it as a Tropical Storm on September 22 at around 3:00 a.m. UTC. Then on September 23, Paulette turned into a post-tropical storm again.

The amount of damage suffered by Paulette caused damage of several million dollars in Bermuda.

Tropical storm Rene

Tropical storm
Duration	September 7th - September 14th
intensity	45 kn (85 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1000 hPa

On September 7, 2020, tropical low eighteen formed near the African coast, east of Cape Verde. On the evening of the same day, the low was upgraded to Tropical Storm Rene. A tropical storm warning was issued for the Cape Verde Islands , which were on the train track. In addition to winds of tropical storm strength, precipitation of around 50 to 125 liters per square meter is expected. Rene is the earliest R-storm in history, surpassing previous record holder Rita , who became the named storm on September 18, 2005. On September 12th, Rene weakened again to the tropical low in the open Atlantic. On September 14th, Rene broke up.

Hurricane Sally

Category 2 hurricane
Duration	September 11th - September 17th
intensity	90 kn (165 km / h ) (1 minute) , 968 hPa

course

At 0:00 UTC on September 10, the NHC began monitoring an area of ​​disturbed weather over the Bahamas for possible developments. In the hours that followed, the convection increased rapidly and became better organized. It formed a wide area of ​​low pressure. On September 11 at 9:00 p.m. UTC, the system was classified as a Tropical Low Nineteen. On September 12 at around 6:00 a.m. UTC, the system made landfall in southern Florida. After causing heavy rains in Florida, it migrated to the Gulf of Mexico, where it was promoted to Tropical Storm Sally on the evening of September 12th. Sally is the earliest named eighteenth storm on record.

The extensive light rain area northwest of Cuba is Sally, 4 other lows on 9/14. In the Atlantic

On September 14th, Sally went through a rapid intensification in which the wind speed rose from 55 knots to 80 knots within a short time. This corresponds to a strong Category 1 hurricane. A little later, after further strengthening, it was declared a Category 2 hurricane. At this point Sally was moving at a slow speed of only 9 km / h towards the US Gulf Coast of eastern Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama, and later towards the Mississippi River Delta . On September 15, the storm weakened slightly to become a Category 1 hurricane with a wind speed of 140 km / h. The center of the cyclone, which was not clearly visible at the time, stood on the evening of September 15 in Mississippi Sound east of the mouth of the Pearl River near Mobile Bay , with several alternating storm centers with thunderstorms forming. The hurricane then intensified again to hurricane category 2. The sudden and unexpected intensification is associated with the passage of Hurricane Marco a few weeks earlier. A similar effect had occurred in 2018 with Hurricane Michael , which unexpectedly developed into a Category 5 hurricane near the coast.

On Wednesday the 16th at around 11 a.m. (UTC), Sally hit the coast as a Category 2 hurricane with a train speed of 5 km / h and winds of 165 km / h near Gulf Shores . The location of the landfall was almost the same as that of Hurricane Ivan , which hit the region as a Category 3 hurricane 16 years earlier to the day. After making landfall, Sally weakened to a tropical storm.

On September 17th, Sally became a post-tropical system but continued to produce heavy rainfall on its way across the southeastern United States.

consequences

Sally caused heavy rains in the Florida Keys . In Key West , more than 11 inches of rain (> 375 liters per square meter) fell on September 12, and about 300 liters per square meter on Islamorada . This u. a. Streets flooded, and houses were full of water. Authorities called on people to use toilets, showers and washing machines as sparingly as possible so as not to further burden the sewer system .

Flood warnings were issued for the west coast of Florida as the storm moved north. Between 50 and 100 liters of rain per square meter were expected there. A hurricane warning has been issued for parts of the US Gulf Coast. The National Hurricane Center warned in addition to the strong winds with hurricane force of a storm surge up to about three meters high . In addition, given Sally's very slow train speed, it warned of enormous amounts of rain of 250 to 500 liters per square meter in parts of Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia and North and South Carolina. 750 liters / m² are also possible locally. These would likely lead to significant inundation of cities, flash floods and large areas of rivers overflowing their banks. In some regions, "historic life-threatening floods" are likely.

Due to the expected rainfall combined with the storm surge, Sally, although only a Category 1 hurricane, was classified as extremely dangerous. Heavy rains began as early as September 15, well before landfall. At the same time, Sally came largely to a standstill and only moved towards land at a speed of about 3 km / h. This phenomenon, which can lead to heavy rains in the same place, was z. B. also observed in 2017 with Hurricane Harvey , which caused catastrophic flooding in Houston and the surrounding area.

The governors of Louisiana, Mississippi, Florida and Alabama declared a state of emergency .

Sally caused severe damage particularly in Alabama, the Florida Panhandle and southwest Georgia. In Alabama and Florida, around 500,000 people were without electricity. In the hardest hit regions on the Alabama coast and northwestern Florida, between 50 and 75 cm of precipitation (500 to 750 liters per square meter) fell by the evening of September 16. Streets were flooded, buildings were under water and were damaged by the high wind speeds.

The city of Pensacola , which suffered a tidal wave about two meters high , was hit hard , the third highest in history. In addition, more than 600 liters of rain fell in the Pensacola region. In the Naval Air Station Pensacola alone, 25 inches of rain (approx. 625 liters / m²) were measured up to the morning, at Fort Walton Beach around 675 liters. In Escambia Bay , a bridge under construction was destroyed when an assembly barge was pushed against it and a crane fell on it. In addition, many trees were uprooted or snapped. In Baldwin County , there was loud authorities to "large to catastrophic flooding" and a "very dangerous situation". Many roads were flooded and impassable. People and animals had to be saved from the masses of water after 100 liters of rain per hour had fallen overnight and a total of 600 liters of precipitation and more had occurred.

In Escambia County, Florida , 377 people had to be brought to safety by rescue workers. Eight people died.

The damage was originally estimated at $ 8-10 billion. An analysis from September 2020 names an amount of damage of more than 5 billion dollars.

Hurricane Teddy

Category 4 hurricane
Duration	September 12th - September 23rd
intensity	120 kn (220 km / h ) (1 minute) , 945 hPa

On September 12, 2020, Tropical Low Twenty formed in the Atlantic. On September 14th, the low was upgraded to Tropical Storm Teddy. Teddy is the earliest T-storm on record. After spending some time as a Category 2 hurricane, it intensified on September 17, initially to a Category 3 hurricane and a few hours later to a Category 4 hurricane with wind speeds of 220 km / h. Teddy was moving northwest as a severe hurricane and weakened again to a Category 1 hurricane after a few days. On September 23, 2020 at 0 a.m. UTC, it completed a transformation to a post-tropical storm, but the wind speeds still nominally reached hurricane strength.

On the same day it made landfall as a post-tropical storm with wind speeds of 110 km / h in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia , where it brought rainfalls of up to 130 liters per square meter locally. Due to fallen trees, there were power outages, which affected around 28,000 people; 16,000 of them had electricity again after a few hours. The amount of damage is a few million dollars.

Tropical storm Vicky

Tropical storm
Duration	September 14th - September 17th
intensity	45 kn (85 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1002 hPa

On September 14th, tropical low twenty-one formed in the Atlantic. A few hours later the low was declared Tropical Storm Vicky that same day. Vicky is the earliest named twentieth storm on record. This means that 5 tropical storms were active in the Atlantic or connected seas at the same time (Paulette, Rene, Sally, Teddy and Vicky), which set the previous record for the 1971 hurricane season .

On September 17th, Vicky initially weakened to a tropical low and broke up a few hours later.

Tropical storm beta

Tropical storm
Duration	September 17th - September 23rd
intensity	50 kn (95 km / h ) (1 minute) , 994 hPa

On September 17, 2020, Tropical Low Twenty-two formed in the Gulf of Mexico . On September 18, the system became Tropical Storm Beta. Beta is the second storm of the season that had to use the Greek alphabet for naming.

The storm set various records: Beta is the earliest named 23rd storm on record and the third named storm to form on September 18, 2020. This is the first time the National Hurricane Center has recorded three new named storms in one day. Beta was also the tenth storm of the month. There had never been so many named storms in any September.

A tropical storm warning has been issued for parts of Texas and Louisiana. It is expected that, due to its slow train speed, Beta will cause heavy rainfalls in addition to a storm surge of up to 1.5 meters, including in areas that had already been badly hit by Hurricane Laura a few weeks earlier. Rain amounts between 150 and 300 liters per square meter were expected, in the Houston and Galveston area locally up to approx. 375 liters / m².

Beta landed on the Texas coast on September 22 at around 4:00 a.m. UTC. Beta is the ninth named storm to hit the US mainland in 2020; a record previously reached only once in 1916. By morning (local time), the storm, which was subsequently downgraded to a tropical low, had brought over 300 liters of rain in some regions. On the morning of September 23rd, Beta broke up as a tropical system, but as a post-tropical cyclone continued to bring heavy rainfall over parts of Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi.

Beta caused a person to lose their life. The economic damage from the storm is estimated at more than $ 100 million.

Tropical storm Wilfred

Tropical storm
Duration	September 18 - September 21
intensity	35 kn (65 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1007 hPa

On September 14, the NHC began tracking a low pressure area on the coast of Africa with medium development potential. It slowly moved across the Eastern Atlantic and turned straight into a tropical storm on September 18. Wilfred is the earliest named twenty-first storm on record. On September 20, Wilfred was downgraded to a Tropical Low. The system dissolved on September 21st.

Subtropical Storm Alpha

Subtropical Storm ( SSHWS )
Duration	September 18 - September 19
intensity	45 kn (85 km / h ) (1 minute) , 998 hPa

At 6:00 a.m. UTC on September 15, the NHC began tracking a low pressure area that was moving southeast near the Iberian Peninsula with little likelihood of development. At 16:30 UTC on September 18, the system was classified as Sub-Tropical Storm Alpha. Alpha is the earliest 22nd named storm, the most easterly named storm that has ever formed in the Atlantic, and the first to hit the mainland in Portugal. For the second time since records began, the original list of names was insufficient, so that Greek letters had to be used. Alpha made landfall in Portugal at around 6:30 p.m. UTC on September 18 . There, in addition to rain and a storm surge, it also triggered two tornadoes. The system dissolved again on September 19.

Alpha killed one person. The economic damage from the storm is estimated at several million dollars.

Tropical storm gamma

Tropical storm
Duration	October 2nd - October 6th
intensity	60 kn (110 km / h ) (1 minute) , 983 hPa

On October 2, 2020, Tropical Low Twenty-five formed in the Caribbean, north of Honduras . On October 3rd at 0:00 UTC the low was declared a Tropical Storm Gamma. Gamma is the earliest twenty-fourth named storm on record. The storm then intensified significantly and almost reached hurricane strength near the Mexican coast. A tropical storm warning has been issued for the Yucatan peninsula . The National Hurricane Center warned of heavy rains with 250 to 375 liters / m² in parts of eastern Mexico but also the western part of Cuba , which can trigger life-threatening floods. On the evening of October 3, the storm hit land in the northeast of the Yucatan Peninsula. Gamma became a tropical low on October 5th and a post-tropical cyclone by early morning (UTC) on October 6th.

The storm brought heavy rain, landslides and floods . At least six people were killed in Mexico. More than 3,400 citizens have been evacuated and placed in emergency facilities in Tabasco state .

Hurricane delta

Category 4 hurricane
Duration	October 5th - October 10th
intensity	125 kn (230 km / h ) (1 minute) , 954 hPa

On October 1, 2020, the NHC detected a tropical wave in the eastern Caribbean with a possible development into a tropical storm. The system snaked west until October 4, when the NHC classified it as Potential Tropical Cyclones Twenty-six and began issuing notices at 21:00 UTC. On October 5th the system organized into a tropical low, a few hours later that same day into a tropical storm. This makes Delta the earliest 25th named storm on record; the previous record holder was named on November 15, 2005.

On October 6th at 12:00 AM UTC, Delta was promoted to hurricane. In a short time, the Delta intensified rapidly to a Category 4 hurricane. Overall, it took the storm only around 36 hours to develop from a tropical low at 40 miles per hour to a Category 4 hurricane at 145 mph. This is the fastest rapid intensification from tropical low to such a hurricane that has ever been observed in the Atlantic.

A hurricane warning has been issued for parts of the Yucatan Peninsula . On October 7, at around 9:45 a.m. UTC, Delta hit land with wind speeds of 175 km / h. Storm surges occurred in the northeast of the Yucatán and there was heavy rainfall. As a result of the high wind speeds, trees and electricity pylons fell over, and there was also local flooding.

After moving overland, Delta weakened to a Category 1 hurricane, but later showed signs of reinforcement again in the Gulf of Mexico over water and was subsequently upgraded to a Category 2 hurricane again. At the same time, the previously relatively small storm increased significantly. On the evening of October 8th, Delta was again promoted to a Category 3 hurricane.

On the evening of October 9th, Delta - now downgraded to a Category 2 hurricane again - was off the coast of Louisiana. The storm is expected to land near the landfall point of Hurricane Laura, a Category 4 hurricane that devastated this part of Louisiana in late August. Since many buildings that were damaged by Laura have not yet been repaired and there is still a lot of rubble and debris on site that could be thrown around by the storm, an unusually high level of risk from the effects of wind is expected. The National Hurricane Center also predicts a storm surge of 7 to 11 feet on parts of the coast (approx. 2 to 3.50 m) and heavy rainfall, which can locally fall up to about 375 liters per square meter, triggering flash floods and flooding can.

On October 9 at around 11 p.m. UTC, the storm made landfall near Creole, Louisiana, as a Category 2 hurricane with wind speeds of 155 km / h . The location is only about 13 miles east of Cameron , where Laura hit land in late August. Delta is the tenth named storm to hit the US mainland in 2020, breaking the record for the most landfalls in a season in 2020. The previous high was nine landfalls in the 1916 Atlantic hurricane season . Delta is also the first storm named with a Greek letter to land in the United States. Over land, the Delta quickly weakened to a Category 1 hurricane. On October 10th, the Delta was first classified as a tropical storm, then a tropical low and finally declared a post-tropical cyclone.

Delta triggered widespread power outages that affected more than 760,000 customers. Flash flood warnings have also been issued for more than five million people in the lower Mississippi area.

Hurricane Epsilon

Category 3 hurricane
Duration	October 19 - October 26
intensity	100 kn (185 km / h ) (1 minute) , 951 hPa

On October 15 (UTC), the NHC reported for the first time on a non-tropical low pressure area southeast of Bermuda . The likelihood of the formation of a tropical system continued to increase. On October 19, it was classified as Tropical Low Twenty-Seven, a short time later as Tropical Storm Epsilon. This makes Epsilon the earliest 26th named storm on record.

Epsilon reached hurricane strength on October 21 (UTC) and was classified as a strong Category 2 hurricane after rapidly intensifying. Epsilon is the seventh storm of the season and it intensified rapidly. It also set a new record: never before has a storm intensified so late in the hurricane season and so far north. Its wind speed increased by 45 knots within 24 hours. Shortly thereafter, Epsilon was upgraded to a severe Category 3 hurricane after further reinforcement. After a few hours as a severe hurricane, Epsilon weakened again to a Category 1 hurricane. On October 26th, Epsilon lost its tropical properties and became a powerful extratropical cyclone. Epsilon was still active across the Atlantic until the end of October. The Ocean Prediction Center issued the last Hurricane Force Wind Warning on October 27 and the last storm warning on the system on October 30.

Epsilon was a comparatively large hurricane. As of October 24, when it was a Category 1 hurricane, tropical storm conditions were still occurring up to 650 km from the center.

Hurricane Zeta

Category 2 hurricane
Duration	October 24th - October 29th
intensity	95 kn (175 km / h ) (1 minute) , 970 hPa

On October 15 (UTC), the National Hurricane Center reported for the first time on a low pressure area in the western Caribbean that had a low probability of developing into a tropical system. The probability increased at first, but then fell back to almost zero. From October 21, the probability increased again, and on October 24 the system reached the characteristics of a tropical low, which at that time was in the Caribbean south of western Cuba. In the early morning of October 25, the system reached storm force and was named Zeta. Zeta is the earliest 27th named storm on record. Zeta reached hurricane strength on October 26th. On October 27 at around 4:00 a.m. UTC, the system landed north of Tulum ; in the afternoon (UTC) of the same day it had crossed the Yucatán Peninsula .

On October 28, 2020, the storm intensified rapidly and hit land near Cocodrie ( Louisiana ) in the evening with wind speeds of 175 km / h, slightly below category 3 strength . With wind speeds like these, Zeta is one of the strongest hurricanes to ever hit land this late in the hurricane season. Zeta is also the fifth named storm to hit Louisiana in the 2020 season, setting a new record for the state. The previous record was held by the 2002 hurricane season with four landfalls.

After making landfall, the hurricane pulled over New Orleans . A tidal wave of 7 to 11 feet (approx. 2 to 3.3 m) was expected on individual sections of the coast in Louisiana. After his move across Louisiana and Mississippi , the system weakened again to a tropical storm in the early morning of October 29 (UTC) via Alabama . In the evening (UTC) of the same day, Zeta lost its tropical properties and moved in a northeasterly direction across the Atlantic as post-tropical cyclones. On November 1st, the OPC issued a storm warning for the system for the last time.

Zeta mainly worked through its wind speed, while it brought comparatively little precipitation due to its high migration speed. It also caused a tidal wave. The hurricane knocked down trees, damaged buildings and caused widespread power outages in several states, particularly in Louisiana, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and the Carolinas. At least 2.6 million households and businesses were without electricity and at least six people died.

Hurricane Eta

Category 4 hurricane
Duration	October 31 -
intensity	130 kn (240 km / h ) (1 minute) , 923 hPa

course

On October 28, the National Hurricane Center reported for the first time about a low pressure area in the south-central Caribbean with a low probability of developing into a tropical system. The system connected with a tropical wave coming from the Atlantic into the Caribbean, so that on October 31st, the tropical low twenty-nine formed in the central Caribbean, which intensified within a few hours to the tropical storm Eta. Eta is the 28th storm of the season, setting the all-time record for the 2005 season. At that time, the 28th storm formed in late December.

Eta reached hurricane strength on November 2nd. The system intensified rapidly and became a Category 4 hurricane a few hours later. Eta thus intensified faster than any Atlantic hurricane ever observed in November. Among other things, the wind speed increased by 70 miles per hour within 24 hours; twice as much as necessary for the official classification as rapid intensification. Eta is also the fifth hurricane in a row to intensify rapidly. Eta is also one of only five Category 4 and higher hurricanes , along with the Cuban Hurricane , Lenny , Michelle and Paloma , that ever formed in the Atlantic in November.

On November 3, 2020, Eta hit land as a category 4 hurricane with a wind speed of 220 km / h in northeast Nicaragua. The weakening then proceeded just as quickly as the gain before. On the night of November 4th to 5th, Eta reached Honduras with the strength of a Tropical Depression. However, due to the migration route, the forecast assumed renewed reinforcement. After his train over Nicaragua and Honduras, Eta reached the Caribbean Sea again in the early morning of November 6th (UTC).

On November 7, Eta reached storm force again, moving northeast across the Caribbean Sea towards the Cayman Islands and Cuba . On the morning of November 8, the system hit land again on the southern coast of Cuba. In the afternoon of the same day Eta had crossed Cuba ( Sancti Spíritus Province ), reached the Florida Strait and changed its direction of migration to north-northwest. In the early morning of November 9 (UTC), Eta made landfall in the Florida Keys for the third time in its life cycle. This makes Eta the twelfth storm to hit the United States in the 2020 season.

consequences

Even before landfall, Eta was expected to cause potentially catastrophic devastation in Nicaragua from wind, rain and a storm surge . Forecasts predict rainfall of up to 900 liters per square meter, which in Nicaragua, Honduras , Guatemala and Belize can lead to severe floods, flash floods and landslides. Heavy rains were also announced for Jamaica , southeast Mexico , El Salvador , parts of Haiti and the Cayman Islands . In addition, a storm surge was expected that could reach a height of 4 to 6 meters. Shelters were opened in Nicaragua to offer refugees protection from the hurricane. About 20,000 people were evacuated.

The hurricane caused flooding in some parts of Central America . In Honduras, around 300,000 people had to get to safety from floods . In Guatemala, landslides provoked by Hurricane Eta , which among other things buried an entire village, killed around 150 people or are still missing. In Mexico, too, a village was buried by landslides as a result of the hurricane. The hurricane and its consequences killed another 19 people in Mexico, at least 20 people in Honduras, five in Panama , two in Costa Rica and Nicaragua, and one in El Salvador.

The storm also caused heavy rain in Florida. In Miramar , where the heaviest rainfall occurred, almost 16 inches of rain (about 400 liters / m²) was measured. More than 200,000 households were without electricity.

Subtropical storm theta

Subtropical Storm ( SSHWS )
Duration	November 10th -
intensity	45 kn (85 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1000 hPa

On November 6, the National Hurricane Center reported for the first time about a low pressure area southwest of the Azores with a low probability of developing into a subtropical or tropical system. On November 10th, it went from a non-tropical system to a subtropical storm in just three hours and was named Theta. For the first time since records began, there are more than 28 storms in one season.

Storm names

The list of names below was used for the tropical and subtropical storms that formed in the North Atlantic in 2020 . If names are deleted for the future, the World Meteorological Organization will announce this in spring 2021 at the 43rd meeting of the RA IV Hurricane Committee. The remaining names will be reused in 2026 . This list is the same as the one used during the 2014 season .

Arthur Bertha Cristobal Dolly Edouard Fay Gonzalo

Hanna Isaias Josephine Kyle Laura Marco Nana

Omar Paulette Rene Sally Teddy Vicky Wilfred

Since there are more than 21 named storms this season, the other storms are given names from the Greek alphabet.

alpha beta gamma delta

epsilon Zeta Eta Theta

Season course

This table gives an overview of all tropical low pressure systems in the northern Atlantic Ocean. It states the duration, names, affected land areas, amount of damage and number of victims.

Surname	Duration	Top classification	constant wind speeds	Air pressure	affected areas	Damage (USD)	dead	supporting documents
Arthur	May 16 to May 19	Tropical storm	95 km / h	991 hPa	Florida , Bahamas , North Carolina , Bermuda	minimal	0
Bertha	May 27th to May 28th	Tropical storm	85 km / h	1004 hPa	Florida, Bahamas, South Carolina , North Carolina, Virginia , West Virginia , Pennsylvania	at least 200 million	0
Cristobal	June 1st to June 10th	Tropical storm	95 km / h	992 hPa	Guatemala , El Salvador , Belize , Mexico , Nicaragua , Honduras	at least 665 million	15th
Dolly	June 22nd to June 24th	Tropical storm	85 km / h	1002 hPa	no	minimal	0
Eduoard	July 4th to July 6th	Tropical storm	75 km / h	1007 hPa	Bermuda , British Isles	minimal	0
Fay	July 9th to July 11th	Tropical storm	95 km / h	998 hPa	United States East Coast , New England	approx. 350–400 million	6th
Gonzalo	July 21st to July 25th	Tropical storm	100 km / h	997 hPa	West Indies , Trinidad and Tobago , Venezuela	minimal	0
Hanna	July 23rd to July 27th	Category 1 hurricane	150 km / h	973 hPa	Hispaniola , Cuba , Texas , Mexico	875 million	5
Isaias	July 30th to August 5th	Category 1 hurricane	140 km / h	987 hPa	Dominica , Puerto Rico , Hispaniola , Turks and Caicos Islands , Bahamas , United States East Coast , Canada	more than 5.225 billion	at least 18
ten	July 31st to August 2nd	Tropical depression	55 km / h	1007 hPa	West Africa , Cape Verde Islands	no	0
Josephine	August 11th to August 16th	Tropical storm	75 km / h	1004 hPa	no	no	0
Kyle	August 14th to August 16th	Tropical storm	85 km / h	1000 hPa	no	no	0
Laura	August 20th to August 29th	Category 4 hurricane	240 km / h	937 hPa	West Indies , Puerto Rico , Hispaniola , Jamaica , Cuba , Yucatán , Florida Keys , Texas , Louisiana , Arkansas	at least 14.1 billion	77
Marco	August 20th to August 25th	Category 1 hurricane	120 km / h	991 hPa	Mexico , Cuba , Louisiana	at least 25 million	1
Omar	August 31 to September 5	Tropical storm	65 km / h	1003 hPa	no	no	0
Nana	September 1st to September 4th	Category 1 hurricane	120 km / h	994 hPa	Jamaica , Cayman Islands , Honduras , Belize , Guatemala , Mexico	at least 20 million	0
Paulette	September 7th to September 23rd	Category 2 hurricane	165 km / h	965 hPa	Bermuda	several million	1
Rene	September 7th to September 14th	Tropical storm	85 km / h	1000 hPa	West Africa , Cape Verde Islands	minimal	0
Sally	September 11th to September 17th	Category 2 hurricane	165 km / h	968 hPa	Bahamas , Florida , Louisiana , Mississippi , Alabama , Georgia	at least 5 billion	8th
Teddy	September 12th to September 23rd	Category 4 hurricane	220 km / h	945 hPa		a few million	3
Vicky	September 14th to September 17th	Tropical storm	85 km / h	1002 hPa		minimal	1
beta	September 17th to September 23rd	Tropical storm	95 km / h	996 hPa	Mexico	at least 100 million	1
Wilfred	September 18 to September 21	Tropical storm	65 km / h	1008 hPa		minimal	0
alpha	September 18 to September 19	Subtropical storm	85 km / h	999 hPa	Portugal	a few million	1
gamma	October 2nd to October 6th	Tropical storm	110 km / h	983 hPa	Mexico , Cuba , Cayman Islands	?	7th
delta	October 5th to October 10th	Category 4 hurricane	230 km / h	954 hPa	Mexico , Cuba , Cayman Islands , Texas , Louisiana , Mississippi	≥ 2.5 billion	6th
epsilon	October 19-26	Category 3 hurricane	185 km / h	951 hPa		minimal	?
Zeta	October 24th to October 29th	Category 2 hurricane	175 km / h	970 hPa	Yucatan , Louisiana , Mississippi , Alabama , Georgia , North Carolina	≥ 4.41 billion	8th
Eta	October 31 to	Category 4 hurricane	240 km / h	923 hPa	Nicaragua , Honduras , Mexico , Guatemala , Panama , Costa Rica , Cuba , Florida Keys , Cayman Islands , Bahamas	still unknown	at least 256
Theta	November 10 to	Subtropical storm	85km / h	1000 hPa		no	0
Season overall
30 systems	since May 16		240 km / h	923 hPa		> 32.7 billion	≥ 415	( wiki )

See also

Commons : 2020 Atlantic hurricane season  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Pacific typhoon season 2020
• Pacific hurricane season 2020
• North Indian cyclone season 2020
• Cyclone seasons in the Southwest Indicator : 2019-20 , 2020-21
• Australian cyclone seasons : 2019-20 , 2020-21
• South Pacific Cyclone Seasons : 2019-20 , 2020-21

Web links

• National Hurricane Center website
• National Hurricane Center's Atlantic Tropical Weather Outlook
• Tropical Cyclone Formation Probability Guidance Product

supporting documents

1. ↑ Update on National Hurricane Center Products and Services for 2017 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. May 23, 2017. Retrieved March 12, 2017.
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e} A slew of weather events - including two named storms troubling Europe - pose challenges far and wide . In: Yale Climate Connections , September 18, 2020. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
3. ↑ ^{a b} Eta, Now a Category 4 Hurricane, Takes Aim at Central America . In: The New York Times , November 2, 2020. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
4. ↑ ^{a b c} Tropical Storm Eta makes landfall in the Florida Keys . In: Yale Climate Connections , November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
5. ↑ Background Information: The North Atlantic Hurricane Season ( English ) In: Climate Prediction Center . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 22, 2019. Accessed October 24, 2020.
6. ↑ ^{a b} Extended Range Forecast for Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2020 . In: University College London . Tropical Storm Risk. December 19, 2019. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
7. ↑ ^{a b} Phil Klotzbach: Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and Landfall Strike Probability for 2020 ( English ) Colorado State University. April 2, 2020. Accessed May 11, 2020.
8. ↑ ^{a b} April Forecast Update for North Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2020 ( English ) In: University College London . Tropical Storm Risk. April 7, 2020. Accessed May 11, 2020.
9. ↑ ^{a b} University of Arizona (UA) April Forecast for North Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2020 ( English ) In: University of Arizona . University of Arizona. April 14, 2020. Accessed May 11, 2020.
10. ^ ^{A b} Brian Donegan: 2020 Atlantic Hurricane Season Expected to Be More Active Than Usual, The Weather Company Outlook Says ( English ) The Weather Channel. April 16, 2020. Accessed May 11, 2020.
11. ↑ ^{a b} 2020 Hurricane Season Will Be Active, NC State Researchers Predict ( English ) North Carolina State University. April 17, 2020. Accessed May 11, 2020.
12. ↑ The 2020 North Atlantic Hurricane Season: Penn State ESSC Forecast ( English ) Pennsylvania State University. April 21, 2020. Archived from the original on May 2, 2020. Retrieved on October 27, 2020.
13. ↑ Pronóstico de Ciclones Tropicales 2020 ( Spanish ) SMN . May 20, 2020. Archived from the original on June 2, 2020. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
14. ↑ ^{a b} North Atlantic tropical storm seasonal forecast 2020 ( English ) Met Office . May 20, 2020. Accessed October 24, 2020.
15. ↑ NOAA 2020 Atlantic Hurricane Season Outlook ( English ) Climate Prediction Center. May 21, 2020. Archived from the original on June 10, 2020. Retrieved on October 27, 2020.
16. ↑ Pre-Season Forecast for North Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2020 ( English , PDF; 506 KB) Tropical Storm Risk. May 28, 2020. Archived from the original on June 10, 2020. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
17. ↑ Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic seasonal activity and landall strike probality for 2020 ( English , PDF; 2.4 MB) Colorado State University. June 4, 2020. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
18. ↑ ^{a b} Hurricane Forecast: 'One of the Most Active Seasons on Record' . In: The New York Times , August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
19. ↑ NOAA's Atlantic Hurricane Season Classifications ( English ) In: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . National Hurricane Center. May 22, 2008. Accessed May 11, 2020.
20. ↑ Kimberly Miller and Gareth McGrath: Hurricanes in a pandemic: 'Absolutely that's our nightmare scenario' ( English ) USA TODAY. April 2, 2020. Accessed May 11, 2020.
21. ↑ US hurricane experts predict 'extremely active' storm season . In: The Guardian , August 7, 2020. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
22. ↑ NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) May 12, 2020. Accessed May 17, 2020.
23. ↑ NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) May 13, 2020. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
24. ↑ Atlantic 2-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook ( English ) May 16, 2020. Accessed May 17, 2020.
25. ^ Tropical Storm Arthur forms off Florida, becoming the first named storm of the season . In: USA Today , May 17, 2020. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
26. ↑ FIRST ALERT: Tropical Storm Bertha forms off Carolina coast . In: WMBF News , May 27, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
27. ^ Tropical Storm Bertha quickly forms, strikes South Carolina after dumping 14 inches of rain in Miami . In: The Washington Post , May 27, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
28. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p} [thoughtleadership.aonbenfield.com//Documents/20200810_analytics-if-september-global-recap.pdf Global Catastrophe Recap September 2020 ]. Aeon. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
29. ↑ Tropical Storm Cristobal Develops in the Gulf of Mexico, may approach the US by weekend . In: The Washington Post , June 2, 2020. Retrieved June 3, 2020.
30. ^ Cristobal becomes the earliest third Atlantic named storm on record. Retrieved June 3, 2020 . 
31. ↑ Tropical depression Cristobal expected to turn back toward the US coast and re-intensify . In: CNN , June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
32. ↑ Cristobal Threatens Gulf Coast From Louisiana to Florida . In: The New York Times , June 5, 2020. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
33. ↑ Cristobal is now a tropical storm as it threatens the Gulf Coast . In: CNN , June 5, 2020. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
34. ↑ Tropical Storm Cristobal makes landfall in Southeast Louisiana with dangerous coastal and inland flooding . In: Washington Post , June 7, 2020. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
35. ↑ Cristobal destroys protective sand dunes in Grand Isle, La., A troubling omen in what could be a rough hurricane season . In: Washington Post , June 9, 2020. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
36. ↑ Zoya Teirstein: The 2020 hurricane season is tearing through the alphabet at 'LMNOP' speed . In: GRIST , August 25, 2020. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
37. ↑ KCC estimates insured losses of nearly $ 150 million from tropical storm Cristobal . In: Reuters , June 10, 2020. Accessed June 23, 2020.
38. ^ Short-lived subtropical system attempting to brew in Atlantic Ocean . In: www.accuweather.com , June 22, 2020. Accessed June 22, 2020.
39. ^ Dolly, the fourth named storm of the hurricane season, forms off the Northeast coast . In: CNN , June 23, 2020. Retrieved June 23, 2020.
40. ↑ POST-TROPICAL CYCLONE DOLLY FORECAST / ADVISORY NUMBER 9 . National Hurricane Center , June 24, 2020. Accessed June 24, 2020.
41. ^ Tropical Depression Five Forecast Advisory . National Hurricane Center , July 4, 2020. Accessed July 4, 2020.
42. ^ Tropical Storm Edouard moves through Atlantic away from US . In: The Washington Post , July 6, 2020. Retrieved July 6, 2020.
43. ^ Post-Tropical Cyclone Edouard Advisory Number 10 . National Hurricane Center , July 6, 2020. Accessed July 6, 2020.
44. ^ Tropical Storm Fay forms, set to bring heavy rainfall to the Mid-Atlantic coast, Northeast . In: The Washington Post , July 9, 2020. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
45. ↑ Tropical Storm Fay makes landfall in New Jersey . In: CNN , July 10, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
46. ↑ Fay weakens to tropical depression over southeastern New York, NHC says . In: Reuters , July 11, 2020. Accessed July 11, 2020.
47. ^ Post-Tropical Cyclone Fay Public Advisory . National Hurricane Center . Retrieved July 11, 2020.
48. ↑ East Coast's Insured Loss From Tropical Storm Fay to tally in near $ 400 million: KCC . In: Insurance Journal , July 15, 2020. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
49. ^ Tropical Depression Seven Discussion Number 1. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 21, 2020.
50. ^ Tropical Storm Gonzalo forms as second tropical disturbance swirls in the Gulf of Mexico . In: Washington Post , July 22, 2020. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
51. ^ Remnants of Gonzalo Public Advisory . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 26, 2020.
52. ^ Tropical Storm Gonzalo expected to become season's first hurricane as a new tropical depression forms in Gulf of Mexico . In: CNN , July 23, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
53. ↑ Tropical Storm Hanna Develops in Gulf of Mexico while Gonzalo churns west toward Barbados . In: The Washington Post , July 23, 2020. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
54. ↑ Hanna Strengthens Into Hurricane, the First of the Atlantic Season . In: The New York Times , July 25, 2020. Retrieved July 25, 2020.
55. ^ Hanna, first hurricane of Atlantic season, prepares to make landfall in Texas . In: The Washington Post , July 25, 2020. Retrieved July 25, 2020.
56. ↑ Hurricane Hanna Hits Texas Region Struggling With Coronavirus . In: The New York Times , July 25, 2020. Retrieved July 26, 2020.
57. ^ Hanna hammering South Texas, hit hard by coronavirus, with flooding rains . In: The Washington Post , July 26, 2020. Retrieved July 26, 2020.
58. ↑ Hanna weakens after leaving 4 dead, 6 missing in Mexico . In: La Prensa latina , July 27, 2020. Accessed August 2, 2020.
59. ↑ Potential Tropical Cyclone Nine Advisory Number 2 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 28, 2020.
60. ^ Tropical Storm Isaias forms and could affect Florida this weekend . In: The Washington Post , July 30, 2020. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
61. ↑ Hurricane "Isaias" approaches the Bahamas and Florida . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , July 31, 2020. Accessed July 31, 2020.
62. ↑ ^{a b} Isaias scraping Florida coast, and poised to affect entire Eastern Seaboard with heavy rain, strong winds . In: The Washington Post , August 2, 2020. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
63. ^ Tropical Storm Isaias may target Florida this weekend, and East Coast states farther north next week . In: The Washington Post , July 30, 2020. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
64. ↑ "Isaias" has hurricane strength again . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , August 3, 2020. Accessed August 3, 2020.
65. ↑ One killed, 400,000 lost power in Va. And Md. As Isaias spawns tornadoes and drenches the DC region . In: The Washington Post , August 4, 2020. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
66. ↑ Millions without electricity. "Isaias" sweeps the US east coast - three dead . In: n-tv.de , August 5, 2020. Accessed August 5, 2020.
67. ^ After Isaias, 2.3 Million Still Without Power in the New York Area . In: The New York Times , August 5, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020.
68. ^ Post-Tropical Cyclone Isaias Advisory Number 33 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 5, 2020.
69. ^ Tropical Depression Ten Advisory Number 1 . National Hurricane Center. Accessed July 31, 2020.
70. ↑ Remnants Of Ten Advisory Number 6 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
71. ^ Tropical Depression Eleven Advisory Number 1 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 11, 2020.
72. ^ Tropical Storm Josephine forms in Atlantic as possible uptick in storm activity looms . In: The Washington Post , August 13, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
73. ^ Tropical Depression Josephine Advisory Number 20 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
74. ^ Tropical Depression Josephine Advisory Number 21 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
75. ^ Tropical Storm Kyle, the earliest 11th named storm on record, spins up off the East Coast . In: The Washington Post , August 14, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
76. ^ Post-Tropical Cyclone Kyle Advisory Number 7 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
77. ^ Tropical Depression Thirteen Advisory Number 1 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
78. ^ Tropical Storm Laura forms, could be one of two Gulf Coast hurricanes next week . In: The Washington Post , August 21, 2020. Retrieved August 21, 2020.
79. ↑ Updates: Laura to become dangerous, major hurricane as it takes aim at Texas and Louisiana . In: The Washington Post , August 25, 2020. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
80. ↑ ^{a b c} Updates: Hurricane Laura expected to be 'catastrophic' Category 4 at landfall near Texas-Louisiana border . In: The Washington Post , August 26, 2020. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
81. ↑ ^{a b} Hurricane Laura Live Updates: Gulf Coast Lashed by High Winds and Flooding . In: The New York Times , August 27, 2020. Retrieved August 27, 2020.
82. ^ Tropical Depression Laura Advisory Number 33 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 28, 2020.
83. ↑ 'Devastating' Laura is tied as the fifth-strongest hurricane on record to make landfall in the continental US . In: Yale Climate Connections , August 27, 2020. Retrieved August 27, 2020.
84. ^ Tropical Depression Thirteen Advisory Number 14A . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 23, 2020.
85. ↑ At least eight fatalities from tropical storm "Laura" . In: Spiegel Online , August 23, 2020. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
86. ^ Tropical Storm Laura Brings Heavy Downpours to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico . In: NBC Miami , August 23, 2020. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
87. ↑ Hurricane Laura death toll climbs to 14 in the US . In: BBC , August 29, 2020. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
88. ↑ Cuba removes storm damage from "Laura" . In: Cuba today , August 27, 2020. Retrieved August 28, 2020.
89. ↑ Laura is now a hurricane and is forecast to strengthen more before hitting the Gulf Coast . In: CNN , August 25, 2020. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
90. ↑ Hurricane Laura Live Updates: Evacuations Near Houston as Texas Prepares . In: The New York Times , August 25, 2020. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
91. ^ ^{A b} Fires and Storms Push Demand for Emergency Shelter to a New High . In: The New York Times , October 1, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
92. ↑ Hurricane Laura poses the biggest storm threat to US oil output in 15 years . In: Reuters , August 25, 2020. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
93. ↑ Laura upgraded to Category 4 hurricane, 'unsurvivable' storm surge forecast for Texas-Louisiana . In: CNBC , August 26, 2020. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
94. ↑ ^{a b} Laura devastated a narrow path north of the Gulf Coast, sparing some population centers . In: The Washington Post , August 28, 2020. Retrieved August 28, 2020.
95. ↑ Hurricane Laura produced a 17-foot surge, Weather Service finds, validating its dire predictions . In: The Washington Post , September 26, 2020. Retrieved September 27, 2020.
96. ↑ ^{a b} Hurricane Laura by the numbers: Winds to 137 mph, a 15-foot surge and yet another Category 4+ on US soil . In: The Washington Post , August 28, 2020. Retrieved August 28, 2020.
97. ^ Tropical Depression Laura Advisory Number 35 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 28, 2020.
98. ↑ Hurricane "Laura" rose extremely quickly - only good luck prevented a major catastrophe in Louisiana . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung , August 28, 2020. Retrieved August 28, 2020.
99. ↑ Suffocating heat is plaguing Louisiana areas ravaged by Hurricane Laura, where more than 300,000 paint power . In: The Washington Post , August 31, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
100. ↑ ^{a b} Tropical Storm Beta brings heavy rains to coastal Texas, Louisiana as it crawls closer to shore . In: The Washington Post , September 20, 2020. Retrieved September 22, 2020.
101. ↑ Thick swarms of mosquitoes are killing livestock in Louisiana after Hurricane Laura . In: CBS , September 11, 2020. Retrieved September 11, 2020.
102. ^ Tropical Depression Fourteen Advisory Number 1 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
103. ↑ Two Gulf hurricanes at the same time? Tropical Storms Laura, Marco have formed . In: USA Today , August 22, 2020. Retrieved August 22, 2020.
104. ^ Tropical Storms Laura and Marco Form . In: The New York Times , August 22, 2020. Retrieved August 22, 2020.
105. ^ Hurricane Marco Update Statement . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 23, 2020.
106. ↑ Twelve storm dead in the Caribbean . In: Tagesschau.de , August 24, 2020. Accessed August 24, 2020.
107. ^ Hurricane Marco Update Statement . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
108. ^ Post-Tropical Cyclone Marco Advisory Number 21 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
109. ^ Tropical Depression Fifteen Advisory Number 1 . National Hurricane Center. Accessed August 31, 2020.
110. ^ Tropical Depression Fifteen Advisory Number 5 . National Hurricane Center. Accessed September 1, 2020.
111. ^ Tropical Storm Nana forms in Caribbean, could make landfall as hurricane in Belize. Omar forms off the East Coast. . In: The Washington Post , September 1, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
112. ^ Tropical Depression Fifteen Advisory Number 9 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 2, 2020.
113. ↑ Potential Tropical Cyclone Sixteen Advisory Number 1 . National Hurricane Center. Accessed September 1, 2020.
114. ^ Tropical Storm Nana Intermediate Advisory Number 2A . National Hurricane Center. Accessed September 1, 2020.
115. ^ Tropical Storm Nana forms in Caribbean, could make landfall as hurricane in Belize . In: The Washington Post , September 1, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
116. ↑ Hurricane “Nana” hits land in Belize . In: Nau.ch , September 3, 2020. Accessed September 3, 2020.
117. ↑ Jeff Masters: Hurricane Nana downgraded to tropical storm after landfall in Belize . In: Yale Climate Connection , September 3, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
118. ^ Tropical Storm Nana Intermediate Advisory Number 9A . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
119. ^ Tropical Storm Nana Intermediate Advisory Number 11 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
120. ↑ Remnants Of Nana Discussion Number 12 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
121. ↑ Tropical Depression Seventeen Forecast / Advisory Number 1 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
122. ^ Tropical Storm Paulette Advisory Number 3 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
123. ↑ Paulette forms and Rene will soon, continuing the extremely active 2020 hurricane season . In: CNN , September 7, 2020. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
124. ^ Hurricane Paulette Public Advisory. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved September 13, 2020 . 
125. ↑ ^{a b} Sally intensifies into a dangerous hurricane . In: Yale Climate Connections , September 14, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
126. ^ Post-Tropical Cyclone Paulette Advisory Number 39 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
127. ^ Tropical Storm Paulette Public Advisory. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved September 22, 2020 . 
128. ^ Post-Tropical Cyclone Paulette Advisory Number 44 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 23, 2020.
129. ^ Tropical Depression Eighteen Advisory Number 1 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
130. ^ Tropical Depression Eighteen Advisory Number 3 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
131. ↑ Record year for Atlantic storms as two new systems form in a day . In: The Guardian , September 8, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
132. ^ Tropical Depression Eighteen Advisory Number 22 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 12, 2020.
133. ^ Tropical Depression Eighteen Advisory Number 31 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
134. ^ Tropical Depression Nineteen Public Advisory. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved September 11, 2020 . 
135. ↑ Tropical Depression NINETEEN. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved September 12, 2020 . 
136. ^ ^{A b} Tropical Storm Sally forms in the Gulf of Mexico . In: CNN , September 12, 2020. Retrieved September 12, 2020.
137. ↑ Hurricane Sally Special Discussion Number 13 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
138. ↑ Slow-moving Hurricane Sally becomes a Category 2 hurricane as it takes aim at Gulf Coast . In: CBS , September 14, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
139. ↑ ^{a b} Hurricane Sally Intermediate Advisory Number 16A . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
140. ↑ HURRICANE SALLY SPECIAL FORECAST / ADVISORY NUMBER 20 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
141. ↑ Weatherwatch: did Marco set the scene for Hurricane Sally? . In: The Guardian , September 25, 2020. Retrieved September 26, 2020.
142. ↑ Hurricane Sally Tropical Cyclone Update AL192020.update.09161057 , National Hurricane Center, accessed September 16, 2020.
143. ↑ ^{a b c} Sally live updates: 'Catastrophic flooding' unfolding as tropical storm lumbers inland . In: The Washington Post , September 16, 2020. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
144. ^ Post-Tropical Cyclone Sally Advisory Number 26 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
145. ↑ That was some storm. Florida Keys drying out from Sally's heavy rain and flooding . In: Miami Herald , September 14, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
146. ^ Hurricane Sally expected to bring historic flooding to Mississippi, Alabama, Florida Panhandle . In: Yale Climate Connections , September 15, 2020. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
147. ↑ Why Hurricane Sally Could Bring a Deluge . In: The New York Times , September 15, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
148. ^ "Life-threatening" surge warning as Hurricane Sally nears US Gulf Coast . In: Axios , September 15, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
149. ^ Hundreds Rescued as Floods From Hurricane Sally Hit Florida and Alabama . In: The New York Times , September 16, 2020. Retrieved September 18, 2020.
150. ↑ After the floods, leaving sing Hurricane Sally's damage . In: Reuters , September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 23, 2020.
151. ^ Tropical Depression Twenty Advisory Number 1 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 12, 2020.
152. ↑ Tropical Storm Teddy Advisory Number 7 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
153. ^ Tropical storms Teddy, Vicky form in Atlantic . In: Tampa Bay Tomes , September 14, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
154. ↑ Hurricane Teddy Advisory Number 21 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
155. ↑ Hurricane Teddy Advisory Number 22 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
156. ^ Post-Tropical Cyclone Teddy Intermediate Advisory Number 42A . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 23, 2020.
157. ^ Now a post-tropical storm, Teddy lands in Nova Scotia . In: CBC / Radio-Canada , September 23, 2020. Retrieved September 23, 2020.
158. ↑ https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/text/refresh/MIATCPAT1+shtml/140947.shtml
159. ^ Tropical Storm Vicky Advisory Number 2 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
160. ↑ Elsewhere in the Atlantic: Five tropical cyclones ties record from 1971 . In: The Times Houma , September 14, 2020. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
161. ^ Tropical Depression Vicky Advisory Number 14 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
162. ^ Post-Tropical Cyclone Vicky Advisory Number 15 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
163. ^ Tropical Depression Twenty-Two Advisory Number 1 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 18, 2020.
164. ^ Tropical Storm Beta Public Advisory. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved September 18, 2020 . 
165. ↑ Tropical Storm BETA. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved September 22, 2020 . 
166. ↑ Beta drenching Texas and Louisiana with heavy rain as significant flooding unfolds in Houston . In: The Washington Post , September 22, 2020. Retrieved September 22, 2020.
167. ^ Post-Tropical Cyclone Beta Advisory Number 24 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 23, 2020.
168. ^ Tropical Storm Wilfred Public Advisory. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved September 18, 2020 . 
169. ^ Tropical Depression Wilfred Public Advisory. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved September 20, 2020 . 
170. ^ Remnants of Wilfred Public Advisory. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved September 21, 2020 . 
171. ^ Subtropical Storm Alpha Public Advisory. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved September 18, 2020 . 
172. ^ Subtropical Storm Alpha Forecast Discussion. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved September 18, 2020 . 
173. ^ Post-Tropical Cyclone Alpha Public Advisory. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved September 19, 2020 . 
174. ^ Tropical Depression Twenty-Five Advisory Number 1 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
175. ^ Tropical Storm Gamma Intermediate Advisory Number 2A . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
176. ^ ^{A b} Tropical Storm Gamma forms and is battering Yucatán Peninsula . In: The Washington Post , October 3, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
177. ^ NHC says Tropical Storm Gamma close to hurricane strength . In: Reuters , October 3, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
178. ↑ Tropical Storm Gamma Advisory Number 6 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
179. ^ Tropical Depression Gamma Advisory Number 14 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
180. ^ Post-Tropical Cyclone GAMMA. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 19, 2020 . 
181. ↑ Mexico: landslide and heavy rain caused by tropical storm - six dead . In: Redaktionsnetzwerk Deutschland , October 5, 2020. Accessed October 5, 2020.
182. ^ Potential Tropical Cyclone Twenty-Six Public Advisory. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 4, 2020 . 
183. ↑ Tropical Depression TWENTY-SIX. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 5, 2020 . 
184. ↑ Gulf Coast faces fourth hurricane threat of 2020 as Tropical Storm Delta forms . In: The Washington Post , October 5, 2020. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
185. ^ John Cangialosi: Intermediate Advisory Number 5A . National Hurricane Center. October 5, 2020. Accessed October 6, 2020.
186. ↑ Hurricane Delta erupts to Category 4 strength as it targets Cancun. Louisiana to be hit later this week. . In: The Washington Post , October 6, 2020. Retrieved October 6, 2020.
187. ^ Hurricane DELTA. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 7, 2020 . 
188. ↑ Hurricane "Delta" is heading for Mexico towards the USA . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung , October 8, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
189. ^ Hurricane Delta intensifies as it churns toward storm-weary Louisiana with high winds, surge. . In: The Washington Post , October 8, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
190. ↑ Hurricane Delta Advisory Number 17 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
191. ^ Hurricane Delta live updates: Storm nears Louisiana with 'life-threatening' surge, high winds . In: The Washington Post , October 9, 2020. Retrieved October 9, 2020.
192. ↑ Hurricane Delta Tropical Cyclone Update . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 10, 2020.
193. ^ Hurricane Delta live updates: Storm strikes Louisiana with 'life-threatening' surge, high winds . In: The Washington Post , October 9, 2020. Retrieved October 10, 2020.
194. ^ Post-Tropical Cyclone Delta Advisory Number 25 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 11, 2020.
195. ^ Tropical Storm Delta brings heavy rain and flood threats to Tennessee Valley after slamming US Gulf Coast . In: CNN , October 10, 2020. Retrieved October 10, 2020.
196. ^ NHC Graphical Outlook Archive. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 19, 2020 . 
197. ^ NHC Graphical Outlook Archive. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 19, 2020 . 
198. ^ Tropical Depression Twenty-Seven Special Advisory Number 1 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
199. ↑ Tropical Storm Epsilon. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 19, 2020 . 
200. ^ Tropical Storm Epsilon forms, as Atlantic nears record for busiest hurricane season . In: The Washington Post , October 19, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
201. ↑ Hurricane Epsilon. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 21, 2020 . 
202. ↑ Hurricane Epsilon Special Advisory Number 11 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 21, 2020.
203. ^ Hurricane Epsilon shatters record after rapidly intensifying southeast of Bermuda . In: The Washington Post , October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 21, 2020.
204. ^ Hurricane Epsilon Advisory Number 12 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 21, 2020.
205. ↑ Post-Tropical Cyclone EPSILON. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 25, 2020 . 
206. ^ National Weather Service Text Product Display. (No longer available online.) In: forecast.weather.gov. Formerly in the original ; accessed on October 31, 2020 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  
207. ^ Hurricane Epsilon Advisory Number 23 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
208. ^ NHC Graphical Outlook Archive. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 24, 2020 . 
209. ^ NHC Graphical Outlook Archive. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 25, 2020 . 
210. ^ NHC Graphical Outlook Archive. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 25, 2020 . 
211. ↑ Eric Blake: Tropical Depression Twenty-Eight Discussion Number 1 ( English ) October 24, 2020. Accessed October 2020.
212. ↑ Stacy Stewart: Tropical Storm Zeta Intermediate Advisory Number 2A ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 25, 2020. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
213. ^ Tropical storm Zeta forms, could reach US Gulf Coast by midweek . In: CNN , October 25, 2020. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
214. ↑ Hurricane ZETA. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 26, 2020 . 
215. ↑ Hurricane ZETA. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 27, 2020 . 
216. ↑ Tropical Storm ZETA. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 27, 2020 . 
217. ↑ Hurricane ZETA. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 28, 2020 . 
218. ↑ Hurricane Zeta Makes Landfall: Live Updates . In: The New York Times , October 28, 2020. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
219. ↑ Hurricane Zeta live updates: Storm rapidly intensifies, making landfall in Louisiana . In: The Washington Post , October 28, 2020. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
220. ↑ Tropical Storm ZETA. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 29, 2020 . 
221. ^ Post-Tropical Cyclone ZETA. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 29, 2020 . 
222. ^ National Weather Service Text Product Display. (No longer available online.) In: forecast.weather.gov. Formerly in the original ; accessed on November 2, 2020 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  
223. ↑ Zeta Live Updates: Storm Knocks Out Power to 2 Million . In: The New York Times , October 29, 2020. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
224. ↑ 6 dead, millions powerless as Zeta roars across southern, eastern US . In: USA Today , October 30, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
225. ^ NHC Graphical Outlook Archive. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Accessed October 31, 2020 . 
226. ^ NHC Graphical Outlook Archive. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Accessed October 31, 2020 . 
227. ^ Tropical Depression Twenty-Nine Advisory Number 1 . National Hurricane Center. Accessed October 31, 2020.
228. ^ Tropical Storm Eta Advisory Number 2 . National Hurricane Center. Accessed October 31, 2020.
229. ↑ ^{a b c} Category 4 Hurricane Eta to make 'catastrophic' strike in Nicaragua, with disastrous inland flooding . In: The Washington Post , November 2, 2020. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
230. ↑ Hurricane Eta Advisory Number 7 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
231. ↑ Hurricane Eta Advisory Number 8 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
232. ^ Hurricane Eta Advisory Number 8a . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
233. ↑ Hurricane Eta Advisory Number 7 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
234. ↑ Hurricane Eta Advisory Number 13 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
235. ^ Tropical Depression ETA. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved November 5, 2020 . 
236. ^ Tropical Depression Eta Public Advisory. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved November 6, 2020 . 
237. ^ Tropical Storm Eta Public Advisory. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved November 7, 2020 . 
238. ^ Tropical Storm Eta Public Advisory. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved November 8, 2020 . 
239. ^ Tropical Storm Eta Public Advisory. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved November 8, 2020 . 
240. ^ Tropical Storm ETA. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved November 9, 2020 . 
241. ↑ El Salvador reports first death from tropical storm Eta. Retrieved November 7, 2020 . 
242. ^ "Eta": Number of dead and missing after tropical storm in Central America rises to 200. In: DER SPIEGEL. Retrieved November 7, 2020 . 
243. ^ NHC Graphical Outlook Archive. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved November 10, 2020 . 
244. ^ Subtropical Storm THETA. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved November 10, 2020 . 
245. ↑ Why 2019's Hurricane Dorian Wasn't Retired by the World Meteorological Organization ( English ) March 30, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
246. ^ Tropical Cyclone Names # Atlantic ( English ) National Hurricane Center. Retrieved April 21, 2017.
247. ^ Tropical Cyclone Names. In: nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved September 14, 2020 .