Atlantic hurricane seasons 1701–1800
The years 1701 through 1800 represented the 1701–1800 hurricane seasons . While data is not available for every storm that has occurred, some parts of the coastline were populated enough to provide data on hurricane occurrences. Each season was an ongoing event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation in the Atlantic Basin. Most tropical cyclones form between June and November.
Description of a hurricane
A hurricane that between 28 August and 30 August 1772 on the eastern Greater Antilles hinwegzog and later Jamaica met before northwestward through the Gulf of Mexico pulling for Alabama wandered, was from the at that time on Saint Croix living Alexander Hamilton described in a letter to his father:
"Dear Sir,
I am picking up my pen just to give you an incomplete report on one of the most terrible hurricanes that memory or any notes could ever locate, which occurred here on the 31st of the last night of the night. It started around dark, in the north, and raged violently until ten o'clock. Immediately this was followed by a sudden and unexpected interval that lasted around an hour. Meanwhile the wind shifted to the southwest point, from where it returned with a doubled frenzy and continued until nearly three in the morning. Good God! What horror and annihilation - it is impossible for me to describe it - or to give you an idea of it. It seemed as if a total dissolution of nature would take place. The roar of the sea and the wind - fire meteors flew through the air - the tremendous glow of the almost incessant lightning - the crash of collapsing houses - and the deafening cries of the troubled people were enough to astonish even both angels. Much of the buildings all over the island were torn to the ground - almost all of the rest were shaken - some people were killed and many are completely ruined - entire families run across the streets without knowing where to find shelter - the vomit in the crowd bumped by air and water - with no bed to lie on - or anything dry to cover your body - and our ports are utterly empty. In a word, misery, in its most hideous forms, spread over the entire face of the land ... "
The letter was reprinted in several New York newspapers .
Storms
year | place | date | Deaths | Damage / remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
1700 | Charleston , South Carolina | September 14th | 98 | nv |
1703 | Virginia , Maryland , New England | October 18 | nv | Large wind and flood damage; many ships were missing |
1705 | Havana , Cuba | nv | Many were missing | 4 ships missing |
1706 | Virginia | November 6th | nv | 14 ships missing |
1707 | St. Augustine , Florida | 30. September | nv | Heavy floods and damage |
1708 | Southwest caribbean | nv | 578 | nv |
1712 | Jamaica | September 8th | 400 | Many houses destroyed |
1713 | Martinique | September 4th and 5th | 100 | nv |
1713 | South carolina | 16th September | 70 | Heavy floods, created new inlets |
1714 | Florida Keys | Late June | Many drowned | Many ships sunk |
1715 | Bahamas , Florida Keys | 30th July | 1000 to 2500 | 4 ships missing; Sinking of the silver fleet |
1720 | Puerto Rico | nv | 500 | nv |
1722 | Puerto Rico , Jamaica , Carolina | August 28th to September 3rd | 280 | nv |
1722 | Jamaica , Louisiana , South Carolina | September 10th to 28th | 400 |
|
1723 | Massachusetts | February 23 and 24 | 0 | |
1724 | Chesapeake Bay | August 23 | nv | Serious crop damage, a ship missing |
1724 | Hispaniola | 12th September | 121 | nv |
1726 | Jamaica | November 2 | 18+ | nv |
1728 | Carolina | August | nv | nv |
1730 | Jamaica | September 1 | nv | A ship including the ex-president of Panama went missing. |
1731 | Leeward Islands | June 24th | 1+ | two ships destroyed |
1733 | Bahamas , Florida Keys | 15th of July | 56 | Sinking of the silver fleet |
1737 | Dominican Republic | the 9th of September | Some people drowned | Many ships destroyed |
1740 | Puerto Rico | September 11th and 12th | nv | Two ships destroyed |
1740 | Louisiana | September 23rd | nv | Destroyed the city of La Balize , Louisiana |
1742 | Virgin Islands , Puerto Rico | October 27th and 28th | nv | Two ships missing |
1743 | Jamaica | the 20th of October | "A big number" | nv |
1744 | Jamaica | October 31st and November 1st | 182 | nv |
1746 | Caribbean | nv | nv | Thirteen ships destroyed |
1747 | Virginia | September 15th | 50+ | Training service ship destroyed |
1747 | North Carolina , Massachusetts | 8th October | "Lots" | Seven ships destroyed |
1747 | Bermuda | October 10th | "Violent storm wind" | |
1747 | St. Kitts | October 24th | "More than 20 sailing ships missing" | |
1748 | Remote from the Virginia Cape | September 11 | "Disturbed Refugees" | |
1748 | Bermuda | October 13th | Up to £ 20,000 in damage | |
1749 | North Carolina , Virginia , Maryland | October 12th | A family | £ 30,000, flood and tree damage |
1750 | Close to North Carolina | 17th August | nv | Four ships missing |
1751 | St. Kitts | 24th July | Entire team | Missing a ship |
1752 | South carolina | September 15th | 103 | nv |
1752 | Cuba | September 26th | nv | Sixteen ships missing |
1752 | Close to Florida | October 22nd | 7+ | Twelve ships missing |
1754 | Santo Domingo | September | nv | Twelve ships missing |
1757 | Virginia | August 11th | 3 days of rain; large gusts from SW-NW-N | |
1758 | St. Kitts | November 10th | 200 | nv |
1758 | Saint Marks , Florida | nv | 40 | nv |
1760 | Bermuda | October 25 | 50 | "Minimal hurricane" |
1761 | Outer Banks of North Carolina | September 20th | nv | A "serious equinox" breached the Outer Banks. This "New Inlet" was built in 1881 at a cost of US $ 600,000 (1881; today's prices: US $ 15,452,000). |
1766 | Martinique | 13 August | 440 | |
1766 | Galveston , Texas | September 4th | nv | Five ships were destroyed, but the crew and items were saved. A Spanish mission called Nuestra Senora De la Luz and the Presidio San Augustine de Ahumado on the lower Trinity River were destroyed. The Constance Bayou in Louisiana were named after one of the ships that was smashed in this storm. |
1766 | St. Christopher, Montserrat | 13.september | nv | half the city and many ships destroyed |
1766 | Guadeloupe | October 6th | nv | a slave ship with all the people on board sank |
1766 | Northwest Florida | 23rd October | nv | one ship sank with all the crew except three |
1767 | Martinique | August | nv | 1600 injured |
1767 | North Carolina | 21st September | nv | A number of ships were missing. Floods in Virginia completely destroyed a mill in Warwick County . |
1768 | Havana , Cuba | 15th October | 1000 | nv |
1769 | North Carolina | 5th September | at least 6 | A ship sunk, severe flooding, many old houses in eastern North Carolina and southeastern Virginia (especially around Williamsburg, York, Hampton and Norfolk) were destroyed after 13 hours of strong winds. |
1769 | Northeast Florida , South Carolina | September 25-28 | approached St. Augustine , Florida , but turned northeast and landed at Charleston on the 28th . The damage in Carolina was minimal, while crop damage occurred in northeast Florida. | |
1772 | Puerto Rico , Hispaniola , Jamaica , Alabama | August 28th to September 4th | at least 280 | A westward moving hurricane hit Puerto Rico on August 28 and Hispaniola on August 30, and later Jamaica . It moved northwest through the Gulf of Mexico and hit a little west of Mobile , Alabama on September 4th . Many ships in the Mobile area were destroyed. |
1772 | North Carolina | September 1 | 50 | fourteen ships thrown ashore |
1773 | Virginia | 26th of August | nv | major damage to ships in the area |
1773 | Southeast Virginia | September 30th to October 2nd | nv | Three days of continuous rain in the region |
1774 | Virginia | August 24th and 25th | nv | "August Nor'easter ", which brought two days of continuous rain |
1774 | Maryland | September 3 | nv | The roof of the Maryland Capitol in Annapolis was damaged. |
1775 | Caribbean | end of July | nv | nv |
1775 | North Carolina, Virginia, Newfoundland | August 29th to September 9th | 4000-4163 | The 1775 Newfoundland Hurricane is the sixth highest casualty Atlantic hurricane; the storm hit the Outer Banks on August 29, bringing heavy rainfall to southeastern Virginia and turning northeast. Met on the east coast of Newfoundland on September 9th. Most of the victims were drowned sailors from England and Ireland; the storm surge reached a height of 6 to 9 meters. Considered the greatest natural disaster in Canadian history. |
1775 | Turks and Caicos Islands | November 2 | at least eleven | some English warships |
1776 | Carolina | nv | The hurricane hampered American Revolutionary War fighting in Virginia; Supply ships sank in Chesapeake Bay ; moderate damage in the area. | |
1776 | Martinique and Pointe-a-Pitre, Guadeloupe | September 5th and 6th | over 6000 | nv |
1777 | near the Florida coast | June | nv | Spanish ship sunk, no survivors |
1777 | Central Atlantic | September 10 | nv | Five ships were lost |
1778 | 12. August | Virginia | nv | Prevented a sea battle between the British and French fleets as the approaching hurricane separated the ships. |
1778 | Cuba | 28th of October | Several | Most of the victims drowned. |
1778 | Cape Cod , Massachusetts | November 1st | 50-70 | May be related to the event from 28–31 October in connection. |
1779 | Louisiana | 18th of August | nv | All ships except one of the Spanish navy sank off the coast. Hit the port of New Orleans and drove the ships in the port far inland. Heavy damage. William Dunbar theorized for the first time that a hurricane revolves around a “vortex” in the center. |
1779 | Martinique | August 28th | "lots" | nv |
1779 | Atlantic coast | 3rd of December | 120 | nv |
1780 | The 1780 Atlantic hurricane season was extraordinarily devastating and the most lossy on record, with over 25,000 casualties. Three different hurricanes, all in October, each caused at least 1,000 deaths; such an event has not been repeated since then, and only two such hurricanes occurred in 1893 and 2005 . | |||
1781 | at Jamaica | August 1st | nv | Many ships sank and were driven ashore. |
1781 | near New Orleans | August 23 | nv | nv |
1781 | Florida | 2000 | ||
1782 | September 16 and 17 | 3000 | several war and merchant ships of an English convoy sank off Newfoundland. | |
1783 | US east coast | September 19th | nv | Three ships sank. |
1783 | North Carolina and Virginia | nv | Extensive damage in North Carolina. Richmond faced violent northeast gusts for 24 hours, but no damage. Norfolk and Portsmouth reported a "25-foot wave" causing damage. | |
1784 | Jamaica | 30th July | at least two drowned (possibly many) | |
1784 | Curacao | nv | nv | Many ships were either damaged or destroyed. |
1785 | Saint Croix , Puerto Rico , Jamaica and Cuba | August 24-29 | 142 | nv |
1785 | Delaware | September 2nd | 181 | One of the few hurricanes ever in this state. |
1785 | Chesapeake Bay | September 23rd and 24th | nv | The "highest wave known in Norfolk until then." Portsmouth experienced a hard north-east to north-west wind for 3 days. The Virginia storm was noted in both the October 1st Virginia Gazette and the October 1st New Jersey Gazette. |
1786 | Barbados | September 2nd | lots | |
1786 | in eastern Virginia | 5th October | nv | A possible tropical storm resulted in heavy rains. According to George Washington, the waves at Mount Vernon were "occasionally high" with "high freshness". James Madison near Montpelier saw the Rapidan River overflow its banks. The center must have happened near its location when the winds shifted from southeast to southwest. |
1786 | Jamaica | the 20th of October | 7th | Direct hit |
1787 | Belize | September 2nd | 100 injured | |
1787 | Honduras | September 23rd | about 100 | nv |
1788 | Virginia, Chesapeake Bay | July 23rd and 24th | nv | George Washington reported a "very high northeast wind" from Mount Vernon, which caused ships to sink and trees to be felled. One of the "most violent and serious hurricanes in many years." Madison in Montpelier reported "great winds and rains." According to the Philadelphia Independent Gazette on August 8, the Norfolk storm began and blew from the northeast on the 23rd at 5pm 12:30 a.m. from the south a "perfect hurricane ...". The wave was smaller than 1785. Alexandria also saw the winds turn from east-northeast to south, causing the highest known wave in the Potomac. |
1788 | Martinique , Dominica , Bahamas , New England | August 14th to 19th | 600 to 700 | nv |
1788 | New Jersey, New York and New England | August 19th | nv | "Considerable damage in Connecticut and western Massachusetts." |
1791 | West cuba | June 21 and 22 | 3000 | Damage to crops and livestock |
1791 | South Texas | nv | Padre Island and the nearby mainland were flooded. A herd of 50,000 cattle belonging to a Spanish cattle baron drowned in the storm surge. | |
1792 | Lesser Antilles | August 1st | nv | Some ships destroyed. |
1793 | Virgin Islands | August 13th to 16th | 28 | nv |
1793 | Louisiana | August | Crop damage and minor floods. This storm may have coincided with the 13-16th August in connection. | |
1794 | Jamaica | June 27th, end of July | "Caused many deaths" | A tropical storm hit the island, destroying at least one ship. A month later, a hurricane hit the island and "caused many deaths". |
1794 | North Carolina | July 4th to 6th | nv | In Annapolis, William Faris noted in his diary that “it rained and blew very hard” during the night. At 10 or 11 o'clock on the 6th everything brightened up again. |
1794 | Cuba , Louisiana | August 27th to 31st | 100 in Cuba, "many deaths" in Louisiana | Severe flooding, high winds, crop damage and unusually large hail occurred in Louisiana. |
1794 | Northeast Florida | the beginning of October | nv | nv |
1794 | North Carolina | October 25th and 26th | nv | Storm or hurricane, 88 mm rain at Madison's estate in Montpelier. While the wind was "lively" there on the morning of the 26th, Annapolis reported that it was "blowing hard, like a hurricane and raining all night". |
1795 | North Carolina | August 2nd | nv | Heavy rains in the Central Atlantic states, correspondence disrupted, crops destroyed. “A fleet of eighteen Spanish ships sailing from Havana to Spain was wiped out off Cape Hatteras ; an unknown number of these ships were lost. "Annapolis, trees were razed to the ground because" a hurricane was blowing "and the waves were so high" that you couldn't get to the warehouse without a boat. "Ships were driven ashore. |
1795 | North Carolina | August 12th and 13th | Additional flooding and crop damage. The damage can be estimated as "moderately estimated as an annual income," said Thomas Jefferson . The "heavy flood rain" caused rivers in Petersburg to rise higher than in the previous 70 years. Annapolis reported "harsh winds" and rains | |
1796 | Bahamas | October 2nd and 3rd | nv | "Delay of ships" |
1797 | North Carolina | 5th September | nv | a ship sunk |
1797 | Bahamas , landfall near Charleston , South Carolina | October 15-19 | nv | Many ships and lives have been reported lost. |
1799 | Jamaica | September 23rd | 27 | The hurricane stayed at sea, but rain, floods, and winds were strong enough to cause casualties. |
Web links
- nhc.noaa.gov
- nhc.noaa.gov
- hpc.ncep.noaa.gov
- docs.lib.noaa.gov (PDF file; 555 kB)
- aoml.noaa.gov
- candoo.com