2014 Atlantic hurricane season

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2014 Atlantic hurricane season
All the storms of the season
All the storms of the season
Formation of the
first storm		 July 1
Dissolution of the
last storm		 28th of October
Strongest storm Gonzalo - 940  hPa  ( mbar ), 125  kn  (230  km / h )
Tropical lows 9
Storms 8th
Hurricanes 6th
Severe hurricanes ( Cat. 3+ ) 2
Total number of victims 17 total
Total damage At least $ 262.8 million   (2014)
Atlantic hurricane season
2012 , 2013 , 2014 , 2015 , 2016

The 2014 Atlantic hurricane season officially started on June 1st and ended on November 30th. It is during this period that most hurricanes usually form , as it is only at this time that suitable conditions exist, such as warm ocean , moist air, and little wind shear , to allow tropical cyclones to form.

Storms in the Pacific Ocean are listed in the article Pacific Hurricane Season 2014 .

Season forecasts

Tropical cyclone activity predictions for the 2014 season
source date
Storms 		Number of
hurricanes
Cat. 3+
CSU Average (1950–2000) 9.6 5.9 2.3
NOAA Average (1981-2010) 12.1 6.4 2.7
Record values ​​(high) 28 15th 7th
Record values ​​(low) 4th 2 0
TSR December 12th 2013 14th 6th 3
WSI March 24, 2014 11 5 2
TSR April 7, 2014 12 5 2
CSU April 10, 2014 9 3 1
NCSU April 16, 2014 8-11 4-6 1-3
UKMET May 16, 2014 10 6th N / A
NOAA May 22, 2014 8-13 3-6 1-2
FSU May 29, 2014 5-9 2-6 1-2
Actual activity 8th 6th 2

Predictions about the activity of the coming hurricane season are made every year by the hurricane experts Philip J. Klotzbach and William M. Gray and their staff at Colorado State University and separately by the meteorologists of NOAA and the Tropical Storm Risk consortium.

Klotzbach's team defined the average number of storms per season on average (1950-2000) at 9.6 tropical storms, 5.9 hurricanes and 2.3 severe hurricanes (ie those that are at least in on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale be classified as category 3). A normal season, as determined by NOAA, consists of 9-12 named storms, of which 5-7 become hurricane strength and 1-3 become severe hurricanes.

Forecasts before the start of the season

On December 12, 2013 Tropical Storm Risk (TSR), a public consortium of experts in insurance, risk management and seasonal climate forecasting at University College London , issued a medium-term forecast that assumes a slightly above-average hurricane season for 2014. In the report, TSR noted that tropical cyclone activity could be close to the 1950–2013 average, with 14 (± 4) tropical storms, 6 (± 3) hurricanes, and 3 (± 2) severe hurricanes, and one accumulated ACE Index of 106 were expected. About three months later, on March 24, 2014, Weather Services International (WSI) published a forecast that assumes a slightly below average hurricane season. So there would be 11 tropical storms, 5 hurricanes and 2 major hurricanes. On April 7, 2014 Tropical Storm Risk (TSR) published its second forecast, which now assumes 12 (± 4) tropical storms, 5 (± 3) hurricanes and 2 (± 2) major hurricanes. Three days later, Colorado State University (CSU) published its first forecast for this year, which assumes a below-average hurricane season. So there would be 9 tropical storms, 3 hurricanes and one major hurricane. North Carolina State University (NCSU) followed a few days later and is also assuming a slightly below average season, with 8-11 tropical storms, 4-6 hurricanes and 1-3 major hurricanes. The Met Office (UKMET) is also forecasting a slightly below-average hurricane season a month later, with 10 tropical storms and 6 hurricanes forming. On May 22, 2014, NOAA published their first forecast for this season, which assumes normal to slightly below average activity. Accordingly, there are 8–13 tropical storms, 3–6 hurricanes and 1–2 severe hurricanes.

Storms

Hurricane Arthur

Category 2 hurricane
Arthur Jul 3 2014 1615Z.jpg Arthur 2014 track.png
Duration July 1st - July 5th
intensity 85 kn (155 km / h ) (1 minute) , 973 hPa

Storm course

On June 27, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) announced the formation of a nontropical depression over South Carolina . The following day the system moved east-southeast, was now over water east of the coast and organized. It slowly moved south during the day and was given a high chance of developing into a tropical depression on June 29th. By the early morning of July 1, the disturbance had worsened to the point where it was updated to Tropical Depression One about 170 km east-southeast of Cape Canaveral , Florida . Later that day, the National Hurricane Center upgraded the system to the first tropical storm of the season, named Arthur . The system drifted north on the night of July 2 and intensified in the process. Arthur continued to strengthen rapidly, so the National Hurricane Center updated him to a strong tropical storm. On the morning of July 3, the system reached Category 1 hurricane strength when it began to form a visible eye. Arthur moved in a north-northeast direction during the day and continued to intensify. On the night of July 4th, the National Hurricane Center upgraded the storm to a Category 2 hurricane before disembarking between Cape Lookout and Beaufort , North Carolina in the early morning . The hurricane moved inland across Pamlico Sound in the course of the morning . A few hours later, Arthur reached the sea again near Kitty Hawk , North Carolina. After that, the storm weakened east of Virginia Beach into a Category 1 hurricane and moved northeast at a high train speed. Arthur resumed its slowdown early on July 5th and was already a weak hurricane. A few hours later, the system hit the province of Nova Scotia as a strong tropical storm . On the afternoon of July 5, Arthur degenerated into an extra-tropical cyclone, so the National Hurricane Center issued the final warning about the storm when it was about 155 km west-northwest of Halifax , Nova Scotia.


Hurricane Bertha

Category 1 hurricane
Bertha Aug 4 2014 1750Z.jpg Bertha 2014 track.png
Duration August 1st - August 6th
intensity 70 kn (130 km / h ) (1 minute) , 998 hPa

Storm course

In the early morning of August 1, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) reported that a tropical storm named Bertha had formed about 445 km east-southeast of Barbados . During the day the system moved west-northwest at high speed and passed Barbados north in the afternoon while strengthening a little. A few hours later Bertha made it into the Caribbean Sea between Martinique and Dominica . The storm continued its direction of movement on the morning of August 2, but could not develop any further. The very disorganized Bertha moved into the Mona Passage during the day and went ashore several kilometers south of Punta Cana over the eastern Dominican Republic that same evening . The storm reached the sea again near Las Terrenas in the early morning of August 3 . Six hours later Bertha reached the Turks and Caicos Islands with winds of 75 km / h and another six hours later the southeastern Bahamas . However, on the evening of the same day, the system began to drift away from the Bahamas when it embarked on a north-northwest course and rapidly intensified. Bertha intensified into a Category 1 hurricane during August 4, moving in a northerly direction and peaking at the same time. The morning of the next day, the National Hurricane Center downgraded the system to a tropical storm again when it moved north-northeast and was west of Bermuda . Over the next few hours, Bertha continued to weaken and by the evening of the same day it was already a moderate tropical storm. On the afternoon of August 6, the system degenerated to an extra-tropical residual low when it was about 495 km south of Halifax , Nova Scotia .

The extra-tropical low pressure area of ​​the hurricane reached the British Isles on August 10th and caused heavy rains, subsequent floods and gusts of wind.

Effects

A man was killed by a tree on his sailing boat in England because of the gusts of wind.

Hurricane Cristobal

Category 1 hurricane
Cristobal Aug 28 2014 1530Z.jpg Cristobal 2014 track.png
Duration August 23 - August 29
intensity 75 kn (140 km / h ) (1 minute) , 970 hPa

Storm course

On the evening of August 23, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) began to observe a tropical depression that has formed about 120 km northeast of Great Inagua and was given the designation four . About 12 hours later, on the morning of the following day, the system intensified into a tropical storm, named Cristobal , which moved northwest. On the evening of the same day, the storm turned north on a course, but could not develop any further. Cristobal began to remain stationary in the early morning of August 25th and was slowly strengthening. During the day, the storm drifted from a north-northeast to an easterly direction and updated to a Category 1 hurricane at midnight on August 26. Cristobal took a north course that day and started moving a little faster. On the night of August 27, the system was able to strengthen somewhat, but it remained a weak hurricane. 21 hours later, on the evening of the same day, the storm was exactly between Bermuda and Cape Hatteras . Moving north-east, Cristobal began to move at a high migratory speed and reached its peak over the northern Atlantic in the early morning of August 29 with sustained wind speeds of around 140 km / h and an air pressure of 970 hPa. Later that day, about 480 km east-southeast of Cape Race , Newfoundland , the system degenerated into a powerful extra-tropical cyclone.

Effects

The effects of the storm killed at least five people in the Caribbean : On Providenciales , part of the Turks and Caicos Islands , a man drowned in the floods. In addition, two people died in the Dominican Republic and two in Haiti . Two young men also drowned in stormy conditions on the east coast of the United States .

Tropical storm dolly

Tropical storm
Dolly Sept 02 2014 1730Z.jpg Dolly 2014 track.png
Duration September 1st - September 3rd
intensity 45 kn (85 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1002 hPa

Storm course

On the evening of September 1, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) reported that about 410 km east-southeast of Tuxpan , Mexico, over the southern Gulf of Mexico, tropical depression Five had formed. Nine hours later, early in the morning the next day, the system was updated to a tropical storm, named Dolly , which was moving in a northwest direction. On the afternoon of the same day, Dolly peaked as a moderate tropical storm with sustained winds of around 85 km / h and turned on a course to the west. The system went ashore in the early morning of September 3, a few kilometers south of Tampico , Mexico, and nine hours later weakened into a tropical depression over San Luis Potosí . This broke up during the day when it was about 145 km west-southwest of Tampico, Mexico and moved far inland.

Hurricane Edouard

Category 3 hurricane
Edouard Sept 16 2014 1735Z.jpg Edouard 2014 track.png
Duration September 11th - September 19th
intensity 100 kn (185 km / h ) (1 minute) , 955 hPa

Storm course

On the afternoon of September 11th, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) began observing Tropical Depression Six , which was formed about 1,400 km west of Cape Verde . Twelve hours later, early in the morning of the next day, the system intensified into tropical storm Edouard , which was moving in a west-northwest direction. At first, the cyclones could not gain any strength and remained a relatively weak tropical storm. It was not until the morning of September 13 that Edouard began to slowly strengthen and was upgraded to a tropical storm of moderate intensity when it was simultaneously heading northwest. Eighteen hours later, on the night of the following day, the system reached the status of a strong tropical storm. This started to form a small eye in the course of September 14th and was therefore updated to a Category 1 hurricane. Edouard intensified further over the next few hours, reaching Category 2 on the morning of September 15, and continuing to move north-west. The system turned in a north-northwest direction in the early morning of the next day over the central Atlantic and intensified 12 hours later into the first major hurricane of the season. However, the National Hurricane Center downgraded Edouard six hours later, on the evening of September 16, again to a Category 2 hurricane. After that, the cyclones began to weaken rapidly and a further six hours later it was a Category 1 hurricane drifting northeast.

Hurricane Fay

Category 1 hurricane
Fay Oct 12 2014 1455Z.jpg Fay 2014 track.png
Duration October 10th - October 13th
intensity 65 kn (120 km / h ) (1 minute) , 986 hPa

Storm course

In the afternoon of October 10, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) reported the formation of a subtropical low pressure area, which had formed about 950 km south of Bermuda and was identified as seven . Over the next six hours, the system moved in a northwest to north-northwest direction and intensified into subtropical storm Fay that same evening . The cyclone was upgraded to a moderate intensity storm on the night of October 11th and began to take on tropical characteristics later that day, causing the National Hurricane Center to classify Fay as a tropical storm at noon.

Hurricane Gonzalo

Category 4 hurricane
Gonzalo Oct 16 2014 1745Z.jpg Gonzalo 2014 track.png
Duration October 12th - October 19th
intensity 125 kn (230 km / h ) (1 minute) , 940 hPa

Storm course

In the late afternoon of October 12, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) began observing tropical storm Gonzalo , which formed about 320 km east of Guadeloupe . Over the next few hours, the system moved west, moving towards the Leeward Islands, and intensifying into a moderate tropical storm. Gonzalo passed over Antigua and Barbuda on the afternoon of October 13, was upgraded to a strong tropical storm, and later moved east past St. Kitts and Nevis . On the evening of the same day, the cyclone reached the strength of a Category 1 hurricane while simultaneously heading north-west and also crossing Saint-Barthélemy , St. Martin and Anguilla . The system began moving away from the Lesser Antilles on the morning of October 14, now located northeast of the British Virgin Islands, and has been upgraded to a Category 2 hurricane by the National Hurricane Center. Gonzalo intensified further and reached its climax on October 16 with sustained wind speeds of around 230 km / h and an air pressure of 940 hPa as a hurricane of the second highest category 4. Finally, the storm turned on a northeastern trajectory and lost its force. Just before Gonzalo directly hit Bermuda , the system was downgraded to a Category 2 hurricane. It continued on its way north-east and lost its tropical characteristics east of Newfoundland, still at the strength of a Category 1 hurricane.

The storm depression, now called Ex-Gonzalo , turned on a south-easterly course around Scotland. It caused damage in Great Britain and the Benelux countries - with 9-10 Beaufort on October 21 - with heavy squalls, heavy showers and thunderstorms. From Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland to Hesse, gusts of wind reached strength 10 (heavy storm) to 11 (hurricane-like wind), on the mountains hurricane strength (e.g. Feldberg in the Black Forest 148 km / h), then in Bavaria also in the lowlands (Ansbach up to 137 km / h). A storm surge occurred in the North Sea, which only just missed the warning mark. A special feature was the “stormless” storm surge in Hamburg, which lay outside the fronts. Something like this is very rare and last occurred almost 50 years earlier (December 4, 1964). In the Alps there was a drop in temperature, with new snow amounts of up to 1 meter and heavy precipitation of 60-100 liters per square meter in 24 hours in the lowlands (a usual total October amount). The former hurricane moved to the Mediterranean area until October 23, with heavy showers, thunderstorms and squalls in the Adriatic region and then until October 25 also in Greece and Turkey.

Gonzalo was not only the strongest hurricane of the season, at nearly two weeks this low pressure complex was exceptionally long-lived, and the railway from the Antilles to the western Mediterranean is an extremely rare railway.

Effects

One person was killed by the impact of Gonzalo in Sint Maarten . In addition, the no longer tropical system caused property damage in Western and Central Europe.

Tropical storm Hanna

Tropical storm
Hanna Oct 27 2014 1600Z.jpg Hanna 2014 track.png
Duration October 22nd - October 28th
intensity 35 kn (65 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1000 hPa

Storm course

In the early morning of October 22nd, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) reported that about 255 km west-southwest of Campeche , Mexico, over the southern Gulf of Mexico, a tropical depression had formed, which was named Nine .

Season course

Storm names

The following names are given this season. This list will be used again in 2020, subject to names that the World Meteorological Organization may replace in spring 2015. This list is identical to the list for the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season , only Gustav, Ike and Paloma have been replaced by Gonzalo, Isaias and Paulette.

  • Arthur
  • Bertha
  • Cristobal
  • Dolly
  • Edouard
  • Fay
  • Gonzalo
  • Hanna

See also

Web links

Commons : 2014 Atlantic Hurricane Season  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Philip J. Klotzbach and William M. Gray: Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and US Landfall Strike Probability for 2009 ( English , PDF) Colorado State University . December 10, 2008. Retrieved January 5, 2014.
  2. ↑ a b Background Information: North Atlantic Hurricane Season ( English ) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . August 8, 2013. Retrieved January 5, 2014.
  3. ↑ a b Mark Saunders and Adam Lea: Extended Range Forecast for Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2014 ( English , PDF) Tropical Storm Risk. December 12, 2013. Retrieved January 5, 2014.
  4. ↑ a b Jon Erdman: 2014 Hurricane Season Outlook: Another Quiet Season Possible for Atlantic ( English ) The Weather Channel . March 24, 2014. Archived from the original on February 14, 2018. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 25, 2014. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / web-nerf-localsuite-prod-001-wc.weather.com
  5. ↑ a b Mark Saunders and Adam Lea: April Forecast Update for Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2014 ( English , PDF) Tropical Storm Risk. April 7, 2014. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
  6. ↑ a b Philip J. Klotzbach and William M. Gray: Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and Landfall Strike Probability for 2014 ( English , PDF) Colorado State University . April 10, 2014. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
  7. ↑ a b Lian Xie: Expect Relatively Quiet Hurricane Season, NC State Researchers Say ( English ) North Carolina State University . April 16, 2014. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
  8. ^ A b North Atlantic Tropical Storm Seasonal Forecast 2014 ( English ) Met Office . May 16, 2014. Retrieved May 22, 2014.
  9. ↑ a b NOAA predicts near-normal or below-normal 2014 Atlantic hurricane season ( English ) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . May 22, 2014. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  10. ↑ FSU COAPS Atlantic Hurricane Season Forecast ( English ) Florida State University . May 29, 2014. Archived from the original on May 30, 2014. Retrieved May 31, 2014.
  11. ↑ Eric Blake: Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Atlantic - June 27, 2014 0800 AM EDT ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 27, 2014. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
  12. ^ Daniel Brown: Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Atlantic - June 28, 2014 0800 AM EDT ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 28, 2014. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
  13. ^ Stacy Stewart: Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Atlantic - June 29, 2014 0200 PM EDT ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 29, 2014. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
  14. ^ Daniel Brown: Tropical Depression One Public Advisory Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 1, 2014. Accessed July 1, 2014.
  15. ↑ Stacy Stewart: Tropical Storm Arthur Public Advisory Number 3 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 1, 2014. Accessed July 1, 2014.
  16. ↑ Jack Beven: Tropical Storm Arthur Public Advisory Number 5 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 2, 2014. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
  17. ^ Lixion Avila: Tropical Storm Arthur Public Advisory Number 8 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 2, 2014. Retrieved July 3, 2014.
  18. ↑ Michael Brennan: Hurricane Arthur Public Advisory Number 10 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 3, 2014. Retrieved July 3, 2014.
  19. ^ Daniel Brown: Hurricane Arthur Public Advisory Number 11A ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 3, 2014. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
  20. ↑ Jack Beven: Hurricane Arthur Public Advisory Number 12B ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 4, 2014. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
  21. ↑ Jack Beven: Hurricane Arthur Public Advisory Number 13 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 4, 2014. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
  22. ↑ Jack Beven and Eric Blake: Hurricane Arthur Tropical Cyclone Update ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 4, 2014. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
  23. ↑ Michael Brennan: Hurricane Arthur Public Advisory Number 13A ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 4, 2014. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
  24. ↑ Michael Brennan and Christopher Landsea: Hurricane Arthur Public Advisory Number 13B ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 4, 2014. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
  25. ↑ Michael Brennan: Hurricane Arthur Public Advisory Number 14 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 4, 2014. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
  26. ^ Daniel Brown and James Franklin: Hurricane Arthur Public Advisory Number 14B ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 4, 2014. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
  27. ^ Daniel Brown: Hurricane Arthur Public Advisory Number 16 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 4, 2014. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
  28. ↑ Jack Beven: Hurricane Arthur Public Advisory Number 17 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 5, 2014. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
  29. ^ Lixion Avila: Tropical Storm Arthur Public Advisory Number 18 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 5, 2014. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
  30. ^ Daniel Brown and Richard Pasch: Post-Tropical Cyclone Arthur Public Advisory Number 18A ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 5, 2014. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
  31. ^ Daniel Brown and Richard Pasch: Post-Tropical Cyclone Arthur Public Advisory Number 19 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 5, 2014. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
  32. ^ Stacy Stewart: Tropical Storm Bertha Public Advisory Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 1, 2014. Retrieved August 1, 2014.
  33. ^ Lixion Avila: Tropical Storm Bertha Public Advisory Number 2 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 1, 2014. Retrieved August 2, 2014.
  34. ↑ Jack Beven: Tropical Storm Bertha Public Advisory Number 3 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 1, 2014. Retrieved August 2, 2014.
  35. ↑ Jack Beven: Tropical Storm Bertha Public Advisory Number 3A ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 1, 2014. Retrieved August 2, 2014.
  36. ↑ Jack Beven: Tropical Storm Bertha Public Advisory Number 4 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 1, 2014. Retrieved August 2, 2014.
  37. ^ Lixion Avila: Tropical Storm Bertha Public Advisory Number 5A ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 2, 2014. Retrieved August 2, 2014.
  38. ↑ Jack Beven: Tropical Storm Bertha Public Advisory Number 7A ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 2, 2014. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
  39. ↑ Jack Beven: Tropical Storm Bertha Public Advisory Number 8 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 2, 2014. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
  40. ↑ Michael Brennan: Tropical Storm Bertha Public Advisory Number 9 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 3, 2014. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  41. ^ Stacy Stewart: Tropical Storm Bertha Public Advisory Number 10 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 3, 2014. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  42. ^ Richard Pasch: Tropical Storm Bertha Public Advisory Number 11 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 3, 2014. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  43. ^ Richard Pasch: Tropical Storm Bertha Public Advisory Number 12 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 3, 2014. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  44. ^ Daniel Brown: Tropical Storm Bertha Public Advisory Number 13 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 4, 2014. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  45. ^ Richard Pasch: Hurricane Bertha Public Advisory Number 15 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 4, 2014. Retrieved August 5, 2014.
  46. ^ Stacy Stewart: Tropical Storm Bertha Public Advisory Number 18 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 5, 2014. Retrieved August 6, 2014.
  47. ^ Richard Pasch: Tropical Storm Bertha Public Advisory Number 20 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 5, 2014. Retrieved August 6, 2014.
  48. ^ Lixion Avila: Post-Tropical Cyclone Bertha Public Advisory Number 23 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 6, 2014. Retrieved August 6, 2014.
  49. ↑ Andy Dolan: Hurricane Bertha claims UK victim: Yachtsman killed after being hit in the head by boat's boom as he sailed in gale-force winds ( English ) Daily Mail . August 10, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2014.
  50. ↑ Michael Brennan: Tropical Depression Four Public Advisory Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 23, 2014. Retrieved August 23, 2014.
  51. ^ Daniel Brown: Tropical Storm Cristobal Tropical Cyclone Update ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 24, 2014. Retrieved August 24, 2014.
  52. ↑ Stacy Stewart: Tropical Storm Cristobal Public Advisory Number 4A ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 24, 2014. Retrieved August 28, 2014.
  53. ^ Daniel Brown: Tropical Storm Cristobal Public Advisory Number 6A ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 25, 2014. Retrieved August 28, 2014.
  54. ^ Stacy Stewart: Tropical Storm Cristobal Public Advisory Number 8 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 25, 2014. Retrieved August 28, 2014.
  55. ^ Richard Pasch: Tropical Storm Cristobal Public Advisory Number 9A ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 26, 2014. Retrieved August 28, 2014.
  56. ^ Richard Pasch: Hurricane Cristobal Tropical Cyclone Update ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 26, 2014. Retrieved August 28, 2014.
  57. ^ Lixion Avila: Hurricane Cristobal Public Advisory Number 11 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 26, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2014.
  58. ^ Richard Pasch: Hurricane Cristobal Public Advisory Number 13A ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 27, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2014.
  59. ↑ Michael Brennan: Hurricane Cristobal Public Advisory Number 17 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 27, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2014.
  60. ^ Lixion Avila: Hurricane Cristobal Public Advisory Number 19 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 28, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2014.
  61. ^ Richard Pasch: Hurricane Cristobal Public Advisory Number 22 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 29, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2014.
  62. ^ Daniel Brown: Post-Tropical Cyclone Cristobal Public Advisory Number 24 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 29, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2014.
  63. ↑ Hurricane Cristobal kills five people in the Caribbean as it moves towards Bermuda ( English ) The Independent . August 26, 2014. Retrieved August 28, 2014.
  64. ↑ Hurricane Cristobal Kills 7: Two Swimmers Die in Rip Currents Off US East Coast ( English ) The Weather Channel . August 28, 2014. Retrieved August 28, 2014.
  65. ^ Richard Pasch: Tropical Depression Five Public Advisory Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 1, 2014. Retrieved September 2, 2014.
  66. ↑ Stacy Stewart and Robbie Berg: Tropical Storm Dolly Public Advisory Number 2A ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 2, 2014. Retrieved September 2, 2014.
  67. ^ Richard Pasch: Tropical Storm Dolly Public Advisory Number 4 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 2, 2014. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
  68. ^ Richard Pasch: Tropical Storm Dolly Public Advisory Number 4A ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 2, 2014. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
  69. ^ Daniel Brown: Tropical Storm Dolly Public Advisory Number 6 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 3, 2014. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
  70. ^ Richard Pasch: Tropical Depression Dolly Public Advisory Number 7A ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 3, 2014. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
  71. ^ Richard Pasch: Remnants of Dolly Public Advisory Number 8 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 3, 2014. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
  72. ↑ Jack Beven: Tropical Depression Six Public Advisory Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 11, 2014. Retrieved September 11, 2014.
  73. ^ Lixion Avila: Tropical Storm Edouard Public Advisory Number 3 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 12, 2014. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  74. ^ Lixion Avila: Tropical Storm Edouard Public Advisory Number 5 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 12, 2014. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
  75. ↑ Christopher Landsea: Tropical Storm Edouard Public Advisory Number 8 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 13, 2014. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
  76. ↑ David Zelinsky and Jack Beven: Tropical Storm Edouard Public Advisory Number 11 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 14, 2014. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
  77. ^ Stacy Stewart: Hurricane Edouard Public Advisory Number 13 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 14, 2014. Retrieved September 16, 2014.
  78. ^ Robbie Berg: Hurricane Edouard Public Advisory Number 16 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 15, 2014. Retrieved September 16, 2014.
  79. ^ Todd Kimberlain: Hurricane Edouard Public Advisory Number 19 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 16, 2014. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
  80. ↑ Eric Blake: Hurricane Edouard Public Advisory Number 21 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 16, 2014. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
  81. ↑ Eric Blake: Hurricane Edouard Public Advisory Number 22 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 16, 2014. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
  82. ↑ Dave Roberts: Hurricane Edouard Public Advisory Number 23 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 17, 2014. Retrieved September 18, 2014.
  83. ↑ Todd Kimberlain: Subtropical Depression Seven Public Advisory Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 10, 2014. Retrieved October 10, 2014.
  84. ^ Stacy Stewart: Subtropical Depression Seven Public Advisory Number 1A ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 10, 2014. Retrieved October 10, 2014.
  85. ^ Stacy Stewart: Subtropical Storm Fay Public Advisory Number 2 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 10, 2014. Retrieved October 10, 2014.
  86. ↑ Michael Brennan: Subtropical Storm Fay Public Advisory Number 3 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 10, 2014. Retrieved October 11, 2014.
  87. ↑ Stacy Stewart: Tropical Storm Fay Public Advisory Number 5A ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 11, 2014. Retrieved October 11, 2014.
  88. ^ Stacy Stewart: Tropical Storm Gonzalo Public Advisory Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 12, 2014. Retrieved October 12, 2014.
  89. ↑ Michael Brennan: Tropical Storm Gonzalo Public Advisory Number 2A ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 13, 2014. Retrieved October 13, 2014.
  90. ^ Daniel Brown and Dave Roberts: Tropical Storm Gonzalo Public Advisory Number 3A ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 13, 2014. Retrieved October 13, 2014.
  91. ^ Stacy Stewart: Tropical Storm Gonzalo Public Advisory Number 5 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 13, 2014. Retrieved October 13, 2014.
  92. ↑ Stacy Stewart: Tropical Storm Gonzalo Public Advisory Number 5A ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 13, 2014. Retrieved October 13, 2014.
  93. ↑ Stacy Stewart: Hurricane Gonzalo Public Advisory Number 6 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 13, 2014. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
  94. ↑ Michael Brennan: Hurricane Gonzalo Public Advisory Number 6A ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 14, 2014. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
  95. ↑ Daniel Brown and Christopher Landsea: Hurricane Gonzalo Public Advisory Number 7A ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 14, 2014. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
  96. ^ Robbie Berg: Hurricane Gonzalo Public Advisory Number 17 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 16, 2014. Retrieved October 23, 2014.
  97. ^ Stacy Stewart: Hurricane Gonzalo Public Advisory Number 22A ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 18, 2014. Retrieved October 23, 2014.
  98. ^ Stacy Stewart: Hurricane Gonzalo Tropical Cyclone Update ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 18, 2014. Retrieved October 23, 2014.
  99. ^ Stacy Stewart: Post-Tropical Cyclone Gonzalo Public Advisory Number 30 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 19, 2014. Retrieved October 23, 2014.
  100. ↑ Forecast for Tue 21.10.14 12 UTC , DWD, on met.fu-berlin.de
  101. ↑ a b c d e f (Ex-) Hurricane GONZALO and its effects as far as southern Europe . unwetterzentrale.de.
  102. ^ Judy Fitzpatrick: 1 dead as hurricane strengthens, aims for Bermuda ( English ) Associated Press . October 14, 2014. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
  103. ↑ Weather in Germany: Hurricane "Gonzalo" sends the first autumn storm
  104. ^ Daniel Brown: Tropical Depression Nine Public Advisory Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 22, 2014. Retrieved October 23, 2014.