Junkers Ju 52 / 1m

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Junkers Ju 52 / 1m
Junkers Ju 52 / 1m - replica in the Western Canada Aviation Museum
Type: Cargo plane
Design country:

German EmpireGerman Empire German Empire

Manufacturer:

Junkers Flugzeugwerke AG

First flight:

October 13, 1930

Number of pieces:

6th

The Junkers Ju 52 / 1m was a cargo aircraft from the German aircraft manufacturer Junkers .

history

At first the aircraft was called the Junkers Ju 52 , later, with the appearance of the Junkers Ju 52 / 3m, the Ju 52 / 1m . It was a single-engine, low- wing cargo aircraft that was developed by Junkers chief designer Ernst Zindel . It was based on experience with the W33 and W34 . Equipped with the patented Junkers double wings, it should offer the possibility of transporting two tonnes of payload to and from temporary airfields with a short runway, which is now known as STOL . For this purpose, it was equipped with a particularly robust chassis that could be exchanged for runners or floats if necessary. Two pilots were required for the operation.

The extraordinarily spacious cargo hold with a capacity of 20 m³ could be loaded through two large loading gates on the right and left of the fuselage, a circumstance that earned the aircraft the nickname Flying Furniture Van. At least the Junkers Ju 52 / 1m used in Canada had an additional hatch on the top of the fuselage, which enabled it to be loaded with particularly bulky goods from above using cranes.

Individual types

Junkers Ju 52 / 1m in the Royal Aviation Museum of Western Canada
Junkers Ju 52 / 1m in the Royal Aviation Museum of Western Canada, behind an Avro Canada VZ-9AV

The first flight of this type with the serial number 4001 took place on October 13, 1930 as the Ju 52ba . The aircraft was powered by a 588 kW Junkers L88 V12 engine. Soon the machine was equipped with a 507 kW BMW -VIIau engine and called the Ju 52be . She received the registration D-1974. The company Luftfrako Air Express GmbH created this type in June 1933 in service, but was not satisfied with the services and gave the machine soon back again.

As a result, the wings were changed, the rudder improved and three more machines built in this design ( Ju 52ce , also with the BMW VIIau engine) with the serial numbers 4002, 4003 and 4004.

One of these machines (serial number 4002) was driven by a Jumo 4 diesel engine and was used to determine flight performance with this engine. The type designation was Ju 52do .

The serial number 4003 received the improved BMW VIIa engine and float. It was left to a sea flying squadron.

The serial number 4004 was transferred to Sweden with the registration number D-2317 in 1932 after it had been sold to the German Aviation School . This type was converted into a torpedo aircraft by AB Flygindustri . After the rebuilt machine was returned to the German Reich , corresponding tests were made, but the aircraft turned out to be too cumbersome for this purpose. This type was called the Junkers K45c .

The next machine built with the serial number 4005 received the BMW IXau engine with 588 kW and was delivered to the Reich Association of the German Aviation Industry in February 1933 . Test flights followed in Berlin-Staaken , but in May of the same year the machine was completely destroyed by fire.

Equipped again with the original tail unit shape, the serial number 4006 received an Armstrong Siddeley Leopard engine with 551 kW. Equipped with floats, this aircraft was delivered to Canadian Airways (from 1942: Canadian Pacific Air Lines ). In 1936 this aircraft with the registration number CF-ARM was upgraded to a Rolls-Royce Buzzard engine with 606 kW. This machine ( Junkers Ju 52cao ) remained in active service until 1947.

Since Junkers overestimated the need for such a large cargo aircraft, these six Ju 52 / 1m aircraft remained. The last Ju 52 / 1m (factory number 4007) became the prototype of the Junkers Ju 52 / 3m after its maiden flight. For this purpose, from April 1931, it was equipped with two dummy engines on the wings to investigate the changed flow conditions. Another four cells that had already been started were completed as Ju 52 / 3m.

All Ju 52 / 1m remaining in Germany were later used as target aircraft by the Air Force .

Technical specifications

Parameter Data variant
engine k. A. BMW VII
Power (max.) k. A. 685 hp (504 kW)
Fuel system k. A. 1000 kg
crew 2
length 18.50 m
span 29.00 m
height 4.65 m
Takeoff weight 6600 kg 7000 kg
Payload k. A. 3000 kg
Hold k. A. 22 m³
Top speed 195 km / h
Cruising speed k. A. 160 km / h
Service ceiling 3800 m
Range 1500 km .. in 9.5 h

See also

literature

  • Paul Zöller: The Last Junkers Aircraft II , BoD, Norderstedt 2018, ISBN 978-3-752880168 , pp. 18-27
  • Wolfgang Wagner: Hugo Junkers aviation pioneer - his aircraft. (Volume 24: Die deutsche Luftfahrt ), Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Bonn 1996, ISBN 3-7637-6112-8

Web links

Commons : Junkers Ju 52 / 1m  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Notes and individual references

  1. ↑ a b The flying furniture van. In: Luxemburger Wort of February 25, 1931, Bibliothèque nationale de Luxembourg.
  2. ^ Royal Aviation Museum of Western Canada, Flying Boxcar, CF-ARM
  3. ↑ Junckers Ju 52 Monoplan , in the magazine L'Année aéronautique , by L. Hirschauer and Ch. Dolphus, in the Bibliothèque nationale de France (French).