Imperial and Royal Rifle Regiment "Trient" No. I

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Rifleman in the old uniform (uniform) in marching adjustment (shoulder flap with regimental number)
State rifleman in new gear after 1907/08 ( march adjustment )

The Imperial State Rifle Regiment "Trent" No. I was an infantry federation of kk Landwehr and belonged to kk Gebirgstruppe .

Naming

The original name was kk Landesschützen-Regiment Nr. I and was supplemented in 1897 with the addition of the garrison of the regimental staff. It was from then on kk country Rifle Regiment "Innsbruck" no. I . As of May 1, 1906 (transformation into Gebirgstruppe) it was moved to Trento and now carried the designation kk country Rifle Regiment "Trent" No. I The last time that was the regiment by a decree of Emperor Charles I on January 16, 1917 in kk Kaiserschützen regiment "Trient" No. I renamed. There was no official reason for this.

Lineup

On May 1, 1893, the ten existing state rifle battalions were combined into regiments. Regiment No. I (the numbering in Roman numerals was only used for the state riflemen) emerged from the merger of the former state rifle battalions:

In 1901 the II and IV battalions were disbanded. The previous III. Battalion became No. II and the III., Transferred from the kk Landwehr Infantry Regiment No. 2 in Linz . Battalion was incorporated with the same number.

Composition and association membership 1914

  • 88th Landess Rifle Brigade - 44th Landwehr Infantry Division - XIV Army Corps
  • Ethnic composition: 59% German-speaking - 38% Italian-speaking - 3% other
  • Regimental language: German

The ethnic composition could no longer be covered with the extremely heavy losses from the Tyrolean countries and Vorarlberg alone, so that in the course of the war more and more replacements from other parts of the country had to be hired into the regiment. It is doubtful whether the Tyrolean / Vorarlberg (not related to German-speaking) share still reached the 50% mark in 1918.

Dislocation

  • 1899
  • Garrison: Staff, I. Baon Innsbruck / II. Baon Schwaz / III. Baon Imst / IV. Baon (dissolved in 1901) Bregenz
  • 1908
  • Garrison: Staff, I. Baon Trient / II. Baon Pergine / III. Baon Cavalese / IV. Baon (inventory only 1907-08) Cortina / V. Baon (inventory only 1908) San Candido
  • 1914
  • Garrison: Staff, I. Baon Trient / II. Baon Strigno / III. Baon Ala / IV. Baon (built in 1913) Rovereto
  • Training stations

For specific mountain training, the state riflemen were relocated to summer stations. There were smaller barracks there or suitable buildings (larger inns) were rented.

Command headquarters Winter garrison Summer station
Regimental Kdo. Trent Trent
I. Baon-Kdo. Trent Lavarone
1. Comp. Trent Folgaria
2. Comp. Trent Lavarone
3. Comp. Trent Capella - 45 ° 56 ′ 17 ″  N , 11 ° 16 ′ 36 ″  E
4. Comp. Trent Monte Rover - 45 ° 57 ′ 39 ″  N , 11 ° 17 ′ 49 ″  E
Geb.MG Abt I / 1 Trent Lavarone
II. Baon-Kdo. Strigno Pieve Tesino - 46 ° 4 ′ 9 ″  N , 11 ° 36 ′ 40 ″  E
5. Comp. Strigno Pieve Tesino
6th comp. Strigno Castell Tesino - 46 ° 3 ′ 50 ″  N , 11 ° 37 ′ 57 ″  E
7th comp. Grigno Grigno - 46 ° 0 ′ 56 ″  N , 11 ° 38 ′ 13 ″  E
8th comp. Strigno Baricata - 45 ° 58 '47 "  N , 11 ° 35' 29"  O
MG Abbot I / 2 Strigno Pieve Tesino
III.Baon-Kdo. Ala Ala
9. Comp. Ala Brentonico - 45 ° 49 ′ 11 "  N , 10 ° 57 ′ 22"  E
10. Comp. Ala Ala
MG Abbot I / 3 Ala Brentonico
IV.Baon.-Kdo. Rovereto Raossi - 45 ° 46 ′ 57 ″  N , 11 ° 7 ′ 6 ″  E
11. Comp. Rovereto Chiesa - 45 ° 56 ′ 31 ″  N , 11 ° 15 ′ 7 ″  E
12. Comp. Rovereto Piazza ( Borgo Valsugana )
13. Comp. Rovereto Campo Silvano - 45 ° 45 ′ 34 ″  N , 11 ° 8 ′ 39 ″  E
Geb. MG Dept. I / 4 Rovereto Raossi
Madruzzo barracks in Trento
  • In case of war

The area from the Dolomites to the Carinthian border was assigned to him as a combat section . At the same time, like the others, it had to deploy detachments to garrison the fortifications . (According to current law, the state riflemen were only allowed to be used to protect the homeland or to defend the borders of Tyrol and Vorarlberg. In order to circumvent this regulation, the fight against Russia was simply declared necessary to protect the homeland .)

Division from west to east

  • III. Battalion with the companies in Brentonico, Ala (Trentino), Chiesa, Piazza
  • Assigned defense section: Lake Garda , Monte Baldo , Borghetto, Corno di Aquiglio, Monte Tomba, Passo della Lora, Monte Pasubio , Monte Maggio.
  • 1st battalion with the companies in Folgaria, Lavarone, Vezzena
  • Assigned defense section: Monte Maggio, Laste alte, Noselari, Cassotto, Cima Mandriolo
  • 2nd battalion with companies in Pergine, Pieve Tesino, Grigno, Baricata.
  • Assigned Defense Section: Cima Madriolo, Cima Dodici, Cima Maora, Frizzone, Cima di Campo, Colle Cicogna, Monte Coppolo

Regimental commanders

  • 1893 to 1899: Colonel Ignaz Lunzer von Lindhausen
  • 1899 to 1905: Colonel Adolf Felber
  • 1905 to 1907: Colonel Wilhelm Fox
  • 1907 to 1911: Colonel Kasimir Freiherr von Lütgendorf
  • 1911 to 1914: Colonel Karl Englert
  • August 1914: Colonel Adolf Sloninka von Hołodów
    • Assigned staff officers: Colonel Lt. Johann Nowak - Major Karl Hochleitner - Major Oswald Zheumer - Major Karl Martinez - Major Rudolf Florio - Major Ludwig Nechi - Major Karl Kupferschmid

Uniformity

Until 1906/1907 the riflemen wore the uniform of the kk Landwehr. Afterwards they were equipped with the outfit of the mountain troops introduced that year . This consisted of the following pieces of equipment:

Captain in single parade adjustment
  • Pike-gray field cap with attached play tap (in the field the play tap was only put on on command)
  • Pike-gray blouse with patch pockets and grass-green parolis , officers for parade or on command with shoulder boards.
  • Pike-gray knee breeches with knee-high wool stockings
  • Mountain boots
  • Officers and batches carried the short saber.

This was both field and parade adjustments . In contrast to this, officers in parade adjustment had to wear the old outfit as an individual (e.g. for the award of medals). This consisted of:

Battle days of the regiment in the First World War

On August 1, 1914, the regiment mobilized and was transferred to the Russian front by rail. The association gathered in the Grodek area from August 17th to 25th and marched to Lemberg until August 26th .

Battle of Lviv

  • August 29, 1914: Battle near Zurawniki and the heights of Jezernia
  • 30th to 31st August 1914: Battles near Hermanow, Czarnuszowice and the Jezernia height. Then retreat to Grodek.

Battle of Grodek

  • September 7, 1914: Skirmish near Dobrostany
  • September 8-11, 1914: Skirmishes near Ottenhausen, Wielkopole, Stromna, Zuszyce, Powitno, Zaluze and Bojana
  • September 12, 1914: March to Leszczyny (near Gorlice ). Restoration there (rest)

Battle of Przemysl

  • October 3, 1914: advance on Przemysl to relieve the besieged fortress
  • October 12-29, 1914: Fighting near Byblo, Hruszatyce, and on the Magiera Heights
  • October 30, 1914: Relocation and relocation to Russian Poland
  • November 13th to 25th, 1914: aggressive fighting near Biskupice and Pilica
  • November 25 to December 13, 1914: Trench warfare near Pilica
  • December 14, 1914: Rail transport to Cracow
  • 15th to 18th December 1914: Movement fighting in the Jasien area
  • December 19-22, 1914: Relocation by train via Budapest to Soslak (Carpathians)
  • December 22-25, 1914: advance to Cisna

December 26-27, 1914: Battles near Lopienka, Smerek, Stare Siolo, and Bereznica wyzna

Liberation offensive on Przemysl

  • 19 to 28 January 1915: Fights near Chrewt, Paniszczow, Olchiwiec, Horodek and Wola Gorzanska
  • February 6 to March 29, 1915: Fighting on the San and near Jaworzec
  • April 4 to May 8, 1915: Fighting on the main Carpathian ridge near Ujszek and north of Oroszpatak

May offensive against Russia

  • May 9-15, 1915: Battle near Smerek. Fights at Krywe, Sokolowa wola, Zasadki, Sudkowice and Laszki Zawiadzane.

(It is uncertain whether the assigned crews of the fortifications were already on the plateau of the seven municipalities.)

  • May 24th to July 2nd 1915: Defensive battles on the Lavarone-Folgaria plateau
  • 17th to 20th July 1915: Defensive battles at the Rolle Pass , then transported to the Isonzo

Second battle of the Isonzo

  • July 26th to August 29th 1915: Attack and positional battles near Doberdò , Monte San Michele and Monte dei Sei Busi
  • August 29, 1915: Rail transport to the front in Tyrol.

Fight at the Tonale Pass

  • September 14, 1915 to February 28, 1916: Positional and defensive battles on the Tonale Pass , on the Punta Albiolo, the Monticellograd and the Passo Paradiso.
    • September 23, 1915: Storming of Punta Albiolo
    • December 15, 1915: Transfer of the IV. Baon to Judicaria , trench warfare on Monte Nozzolo.
  • March 3, 1916: The I. and III. Baon moved to the Valsugana. Three companies stayed behind at the Tonale and on April 24th were merged into a new IV Baon. Patrols and trench warfare in the area of ​​the Presena glacier and the Busazza.

Fights In Valsugana (Suganertal)

    • January 30, 1916: The IV. Baon relocated to Valsugana
    • February 2 to 14, 1916: IV. Baon - Fights at Votto-Erterli
    • February 15 to March 9, 1916: IV. Baon - defensive battles in the front line Kesseljoch-Portella-Collo
  • March 9 to April 15, 1916: Trench warfare in the Monte Broi-Kesseljoch-Portella-Collo line
  • April 16, 1916: Aggressive fighting at Monte Broi and Collo
  • April 24, 1916: The previous IV Baon was dissolved.
State riflemen in action

South Tyrol offensive

  • May 20, 1916: The high alpine detachment under the command of Lieutenant Enrich captured the Cima Mandriolo
  • May 21, 1916: The regiment marched from Rovereto into the Vallarsa Valley.
  • May 24 to June 1, 1916: Fighting de II. Baon at the Buole Pass
  • June 2 to 4, 1916: Regiment regrouped, I. and III. Baon were to Foxi, Raossi, Val Sommele - ( 45 ° 47 '24 "  N , 11 ° 8' 17 '  O ) and Menderle ( 45 ° 47' 24"  N , 11 ° 9 '5 "  O ) laid.
  • June 7-24, 1916: Trench warfare in Val Sommele and on Monte Menderle
  • June 24-25, 1916: The regiment was withdrawn to the new front line at the Valmorbia factory - Monte Spil - Monte Corno - Monte Testo.
  • June 25, 1916 to May 3, 1917: Defensive and positional battles in Vallarsa (Monte Spil, Monte Corno and Zugna Torta)
  • May 3 to June 8, 1917: Restoration in Trento
  • June 8, 1917: Relocation to III. Corps to the level of the seven parishes
  • June 9 to October 1, 1917: Trench warfare in the Lepozze-Ortigara position
  • October 1 to 10, 1917: Restoration in Lavis

Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo

  • October 10-14, 1917: Rail transport to Villach
  • October 14th to 16th, 1917: Walk over Tarvisio - Predilpass to the Pustina camp
  • October 16-23, 1917: Deployed as porters to transport ammunition
  • October 24, 1917: Breakthrough at Flitsch
  • October 25, 1917: Storming of the Prvi Hum and the Hum
  • October 26, 1917: Storming of the Stol and occupation of Bergogna
  • October 27, 1917: The III. Baon fought a battle at Monta Aperta
  • October 28, 1917: Skirmishes at Vedronza and Sella Forador
  • October 29, 1917: Capture of Gemona
  • October 30, 1917: Battle near Portis
  • November 5, 1917: Crossing the Tagliamento
  • November 7, 1917: Battle at Barcis
  • November 9, 1917: Crossing over Monte Cavallo
  • November 10, 1917: Battle at Fara d'Alpago
  • November 21, 1917: Storming of the Fontana Secca
  • November 27, 1917 to April 15, 1918: Trench warfare on Fontana Secca, Calcino-Hang and Monte Tomba. The IV Baon was dissolved and distributed among the others.
  • April 25 to May 25, 1918: Restoration in Bolzano.

Company avalanche

  • June 16-27, 1918: Relocation to Trient in the reserve
Monticello ridge
  • July 27, 1918: Relocation to the Tonale area begins.
  • July 12 to November 3, 1918: positional battles on the Tonale, in the Pejo section, on the Montozzo and the Monticello ridge, storming the Punta di San Matteo and Monte Mantello
  • November 3: The regiment on the march back home is captured by the Italians who advanced in the Val di Sole without resistance. (For reasons that have not yet been explored, the Austro-Hungarian High Command informed the troops that the war would end on November 3rd, although November 4th was expressly stated in the armistice negotiations. In this grotesque way, the Italians managed to get over 300,000 completely surprised Austro-Hungarian soldiers to capture.)

Others

  • The motto of the regiment was: "Victory or death in the alpine red."
  • For all three Landesschützen / Kaiserschützen regiments, the regimental march was the Kaiserschützen march .
  • Bruno Franceschini (1894–1970) served as an ensign in the Trient No. I Rifle Regiment during the First World War
  • Karl Werkmann (1878–1951) served during the First World War as captain of the reserve in the Trento I rifle regiment, assigned to the emperor's general adjutantage .

Known members of the regiment

literature

  • Austrian Federal Ministry for the Army and War Archives. Under the direction of Edmund Glaise-Horstenau (Ed.): Austria-Hungary's Last War 1914–1918 Volume I - VII. Publishing House of Military Science Communications, Vienna 1930–39
  • Hans Magenschab: The grandfathers' war 1914-1918. Publishing house of the Austrian State Printing House, Vienna 1988
  • Heinz von Lichem : The lonely war. Athesia Verlag Bozen 1981.
  • Heinz von Lichem: Spielhahnstoke and edelweiss. Stocker Verlag Graz 1977

Web links

Commons : Landesschützen-Regiment "Trient" No. I  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Unless otherwise stated, all organizational data refer to the summer of 1914
  2. ↑ Wording of the decree: I order that from now on the state riflemen are called Kaiserschützen. I am convinced that these brave troops, who have won immortal laurels until now, will make the new name shine in glory, for my joy, for their honor and for the good of the fatherland. Karl mp
  3. ↑ The first names of non-German-speaking officers were usually Germanized, which is why you can hardly find a first name that matches the surname here.
  4. ↑ From the war diaries of Major General Adolf Sloninka von Horodów and Colonel Rudolf Florio
  5. ↑ Arno Kerschbaumer, Nobilitations under the reign of Emperor Karl I / IV. Károly király (1916–1921) . Graz 2016, ISBN 978-3-9504153-1-5 , p. 133.