Karawanken
| Karawanken / Karavanke | ||
|---|---|---|
| Highest peak | Hochstuhl / Veliki Stol ( 2238 m above sea level ) | |
| location | Border Carinthia , Austria / Gorenjska , Slovenia | |
| part of | Southern Limestone Alps , Eastern Alps | |
|
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| Coordinates | 46 ° 26 ' N , 14 ° 12' E | |
The Karawanken ( Slovenian : Karavanke ) are a mountain range of the Southern Limestone Alps . The border between the Austrian state of Carinthia and the Slovenian Gorenjska (Upper Carniola) has been running along the main ridge since 1919/20 . The highest peak is the Hochstuhl (Slovenian: Veliki Stol) at 2238 m above sea level. A.
Landscape texture
The mountain group, the eastern continuation of the Carnic Alps , has a length of approx. 120 km and a width of 20 to 40 km. The northern boundary forms the Rosental with the Drau . In the south the Karawanken are limited by the upper Savetal , in the eastern part the Steiner Alps adjoin in the south . The Bacher Mountains connect to the east . The mountain range begins in the west at the Thörl-Maglern border crossing and leads over the Wurzenpass ( 1071 m above sea level ) to the Mittagskogel ( 2145 m above sea level ).
In the wider area east of the Bärental , the Karawanken divide into two ridges. The northern chain - the Karawanken foothills , including the Singerberg ( 1589 m ) and the Ferlacher Horn ( 1840 m above sea level ) - is with the exception of the Hochobir ( 2139 m above sea level ) and the Petzen ( 2126 m above sea level) . A. ) forested and from a tectonical point of view still belongs to the Northern Limestone Alps , as does the Gailtal Alps , although both lie south of the Central Alpine Ridge . The southern chain, which breaks off steeply on the Austrian side, includes u. a. the high chair ( 2238 m above sea level ), the Wertatscha ( 2180 m above sea level ), the Koschuta ( 2136 m above sea level ) and the Olševa (Ouschewa) ( 1930 m above sea level ), they belong tectonically already to the Southern Alps .
The obvious furrow between the two chains represents - in continuation of the Gailtal - the periadriatic seam and runs from St.Jakob-Rosenbach over the Krischnig-Sattel , Eselsattel , Zell-Pfarre , Schaidasattel , Ebriach and Remschnenig to Slovenia, where it is continues via Koprivna (Koprein) and Bistra towards Slovenska Bistrica .
South side: The high chair - highest peak of the massif
East side: view of the Petzen from the Lavant valley
View from the north of the Karawanken
history
The name Karawanken has already been handed down in ancient sources. Claudius Ptolemy called the border mountains between Italy and Norikum 150 AD as Karwankas . The name is probably derived from the Celtic karv for deer. This literal meaning has been preserved in the name of the Koschuta (Slov. Košuta ), the doe, to this day. The Karawanken have always been a political border mountain range, the southern and northern parts of which traditionally belong to the Slovene-speaking area, albeit in different dialectal forms. Another early evidence as a political border is the division of territory in the Franconian Empire , where the southern part was assigned to the Friuli region and the northern part to the Ostmark . The Karawanken border towards Carniola / SHS / Yugoslavia / Slovenia has not changed since the High Middle Ages, with a brief exception in the 19th century and the demarcation after the First World War. Zealand / Jezersko on the southern side came to the SHS state in 1919 without a referendum . In 1926, a bilateral commission set up boundary stones at intervals of 50 and 100 m, with an “Oe” carved on the Austrian side. The "Yu" on the Slovenian side was made unrecognizable from 1991 onwards.
When looking at Austrian and Slovenian hiking maps, there is often a pronounced reciprocal use of the topographical names. Since the last third of the 19th century, only artificially introduced German names can be found in Austrian maps. The topographical Germanization was later mainly promoted by the travel guide author Ludwig Jahne and the historian Martin Wutte , whereby the procedure was similar to that in South Tyrol, where Ettore Tolomei Italianized the ancestral German- South Tyrolean names . Unsuccessful attempts at Germanization in the Karawanken were Zinnewand instead of Vertatscha / Rtača, Gaisberg instead of Kosiak or Hirschwand instead of Koschuta / Košuta. One was successful with the high chair , earlier (Veliki) Stol / Stou or the many Kogel names, the Frauenkogel earlier Baba, the Rosenkogel / Rožica and the Kahlkogel / Golica. Currently, cards with German-Slovenian double names are increasingly gaining acceptance.
Transitions and peaks
The fact that the Karawanken and Carnic Alps have formed an almost straight political border for more than 2000 years is due not only to their closeness with a few, mostly high border crossings, but also to the climatic phenomena. They form the windward side for often heavy autumn precipitation. Until recently, the passes were often closed for months due to early snow. In the Karawanken, 84 percent of the border follow a main watershed.
The Wurzenpass (19% gradient), the Loiblpass (24%) and the Seebergsattel (12%) have been the three traditional transport routes since ancient times. Until they were expanded in the post-war period, they were a challenge for motorists. In the present, the Karawanken tunnels ( motorway tunnels and railway tunnels ) have also emerged as important border crossings in addition to the three pass routes .
Important peaks are (from west to east) the three-country triangle (Peč), the Mittagskogel (Kepa), the high chair (Veliki Stol), the Koschutnikturm (Košutnik), the Hochobir (Obir) and the Petzen (Peca).
Other peaks:
- Matschacher Gupf 1691 m above sea level A.
- Bärntaler Kotschna 1944 m above sea level A.
- Sinacher Gupf 1557 m above sea level A.
- Singerberg 1589 m above sea level A.
- Kosiak 2024 m above sea level A.
- Vertatscha 2180 m above sea level A.
- Loibler Baba 1969 m above sea level A.
- Ferlacher Horn 1840 m above sea level A.
- Sixth 1449 m above sea level A.
- Matzen 1627 m above sea level A.
- Freiberg 1923 m above sea level A.
- Schwarzer Gupf 1688 m above sea level A.
- Kuhberg 2026 m above sea level A.
- Kleinobir 1948 m above sea level A.
- Weinasch 2104 m above sea level A.
- Kahlkogel 1834 m above sea level A.
- Frauenkogel 1892 m above sea level A.
- Techantinger Mittagskogel 1932 m above sea level A.
- Mallestiger Mittagskogel 1801 m above sea level A.
- Schwarzkogel 1836 m above sea level A.
- Ferlacherspitze 1742 m above sea level A.
- Kapellenberg 1226 m above sea level A.
- Großer Muschenig 1021 m above sea level A.
- Bielschitza 1959 m above sea level A.
- Klagenfurt peak 2103 m above sea level A.
- Edelweiß peak 1995 m above sea level A.
- Selenitza 2026 m above sea level A.
- Rjautza 1789 m above sea level A.
- Neuberg 1368 m above sea level A.
- Rabenberg 1465 m above sea level A.
- Begunschtschitza 2060 m above sea level A.
- High tower 2080 m above sea level A.
- Thick Koschuta 2059 m above sea level A.
- Welzespitze (Wilze) 1799 m above sea level A.
- Jauernikgupf 1690 m above sea level A.
- Carinthian Storschitz 1759 m above sea level A.
- Ursulaberg 1699 m above sea level A.
- Mali vrh 2017 m above sea level A.
The mountain huts are the Bertahütte , the Klagenfurter Hütte , the Koschutahaus , the Eisenkappler Hütte and the hut above the Arichwand .
literature
- Janez Bizjak, Ludwig Druml, Manfred Gietler, Paul Gleirscher, Josef Götz, Hans Haid: Boundless Karawanken. History and stories, fauna, flora and the most beautiful tours and excursions between Drava and Sava and Tarvisio and Dravograd. , Leeb! Enszeichen, Feistritz an der Gail 2008, ISBN 978-3-9502379-0-0 .
- Manfred Posch : The magic kingdom of Karawanken. The most beautiful tours , Klagenfurt 1997, Kärntner Druckerei- und Verlagsgesellschaft mbH; ISBN 3-85391-143-9
- Helmut Lang: "Hiking guide Karawanken and Steiner Alps", Bergverlag Rother, Munich. 2nd edition, 2016; ISBN 978-3-7633-4424-6
Web links
- Entry on Karawanken in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
- Hribi.net: List of peaks in the Karawanken
References and comments
- ^ Eberhard Kranzmayer : Place name book of Carinthia . Part II, 1958, p. 115.
- ↑ Kurt F. Strasser, Harald Waitzbauer : Across the borders to Trieste. Hikes between the Carnic Alps and the Adriatic Sea. Vienna-Cologne-Weimar, 1999, p. 17 f.