Blade (meadow ground)

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Municipality Wiesengrund
Coordinates: 51 ° 44 ′ 36 "  N , 14 ° 31 ′ 8"  E
Height : 86 m above sea level NN
Residents : 98  (December 31, 2018)
Incorporation : January 8, 1981
Incorporated into: Gosda
Postal code : 03149
Area code : 035694
map
Table sheet Forst, 1920, blade detail

Klinge , Klinka in Lower Sorbian , is a partially devastated part of the municipality in the Gosda district of the municipality of Wiesengrund in the Spree-Neisse district (Brandenburg). It was an independent municipality until 1981 and then a district of the municipality of Gosda. The place was excavated in 1981 by the Jänschwalde opencast mine, except for a small part at the Klinge station .

Klinge station building 2010

location

View of the future Klinger See from the former location of Klinge. 2010

Klinge was in Lower Lusatia, just under nine kilometers west of Forst (Lausitz) in the former Forst district . The former district was combined with the district of Gosda. The former district bordered Weißagk (devastated) in the east, Gosda in the southeast, Kathlow in the south for a short distance and the Schönigschen Stiftungsforst in the west.

The place can be reached via the K7111 from Gosda; the K7111 continues to Kathlow. Klinge station is on the Cottbus – Żary railway line .

history

Prehistory and prehistory

There were several clay or loam deposits in the place and its surroundings. In 1903 the complete skeleton of a mammoth was found in a clay pit south of the Cottbus-Forst railway line. A true-to-original replica is now in the district administration building in Forst. In 1915, when a new clay pit was opened, a spectacular find of the Lausitz culture , a crown neck ring . Barrows were discovered around 1930 on the northern municipal boundary. In the years from 1977 systematic excavations took place through which a variety of jewelry and work items as well as weapons could be recovered. The finds come from the corded ceramics and funnel cup culture .

General

The place was first mentioned in documents, probably in 1344, under the name "Clynge". Kaspar von Dohna certified his settlement of the dispute over the border between Klinge and Grötsch in the dominion of Cottbus and Weißagk in the dominion of Forst on behalf of Hans von Biberstein, Mr. zu Sorau and Beeskow, and Hans von Cottbus, Mr. zu Cottbus . The place name is derived from mhd. Klinge = stream, narrow gorge with a rushing stream. According to Rudolf Lehmann, the village structure of Klinge was a square village.

Between the villages of Weißagk and Klinge, the state border ran for many centuries until 1815, between Lower Lusatia , which became Saxon in 1635, and Cottbus, which became electoral Brandenburg in 1445 .

Ownership history

In 1486 the von Seiffertitz brothers were enfeoffed with blades. In 1500 Gunther Catwitz zur Clingen swore feudal duty to Joachim I and Margrave Albrecht . 1501 Günther von Kottwitz ( Kathewitcz ) is named on Klinge ( to the clinge ); he was surety for Peter von Polenz zu Cottbus. He died in 1504; he was followed by his son Christoph, who on Monday after Egidii (September 3, 1504) also received the fief on behalf of his underage brothers or brothers who were abroad. His brothers should also obey the feudal obligation after they came of age. Christoph also sat on a blade in 1536. Krüger also mentions an Antonius von Kottwitz as a co-owner, who was named as resident in Klinge as early as 1532. The two brothers are said to have built a water mill between Klinge and Gosda in 1536, which later became the Buschmühle, and provided it with the compulsory meal for both villages. Presumably it is the later bush mill that was located on the (original) Feldmark of Gosda. Christoph was married to Anna von Zabeltitz. Anton von Kottwitz auf Klinge and Gusow (= Gosda) married a Margaretha NN in 1538.

In 1548 Christoph's sons, Günther, Nickel, Georg and Baltzer von Kottwitz had already grown up. Christoph died in 1555. His son Günther von Kottwitz was the secret councilor and treasurer of the Brandenburg margrave Johann von Küstrin . He owned Sommerfeld, Baudach, Matzdorf, Grabko, Dubrau, Neuhausen, Bräsinchen, Groß Oßnig, Sergen, Trebendorf, Klinge and Mattendorf. He was married to Hedwig von Zabeltitz. Nickel and Balthasar / Baltzer followed as owners of Klinge, who bought his share in Klinge mit der Mühle and Gosda from their brother Günther in 1561. When the knight horses were inspected in 1565, those from Kottwitz zu Cottbus had to provide three horses, and one from the manor Klinge.

Nickel von Kottwitz zum Klinge appears as a witness in a document from 1581. His sons were Christoph, Georg, Nicol, Caspar and Antonius; they are co-enfeoffers in a fiefdom from October 10, 1596 from their cousin Baltzer von Kottwitz on Sommerfeld. Nickel and Baltzer von Kottwitz came to the inspection of the knight horses in 1583 because of the village of Klingen, in good armor. In 1586, Nickel von Kottwitz zu Klinge joined the Kottbuser Rifle Guild; According to the records of the rifle guild, he died in 1591. Apparently he died without a physical heir, because in 1592 the son of his brother Baltzer, Hans Christoph, inherited the Klinge estate. He finally sold Klinge in 1601 for 5,000 thalers to his cousin Georg von Kottwitz. He had to raise 1,200 thalers for this and had financial difficulties in 1621. To pay off the debts, he sold Klinge in 1621 to Ernst von Kracht , the son of Caspar von Kracht on half of Strega. He died in 1629 and bequeathed Klinge and half of Strega to his sons Eustach, Hans Otto and Isaak. The Thirty Years War hit Klinge hard. Between September 1633 and Pentecost 1634 alone, Klinge suffered damage amounting to 3,246 thalers. The then tenant of the Krachtschen manor alone reported 1,926 thalers, which he had suffered from the imperial, especially Croatian, mercenaries. In 1635 all but one of the 12½ farmer's hooves were desolate. Of the seven gardener positions, only four were still occupied.

Blade on the original table sheet 4253 Forst from 1845

In 1644, Eustach von Kracht was the sole owner of Klinge. On October 22nd, 1644, the Cottbus mayor Johann Meißner swore in the name of Eustachius von Kracht the feudal obligation for blades. All accepted were Isaac, the brother of Eustach (here the father of the two Ernst von Kracht is called sel.), Heinrich Sigismund, the son of the late Christoph von Kracht zu Strega, and George Abraham, the son of the late Hans von Kracht to Klein Rietz. The following are also named as joint owners: Dietrich, the colonel and son of the late Baltzer von Kracht auf Milkersdorf, Philipp Heinrich, the son of the late Baltzer von Kracht auf Türkendorf, and Bartsch Hildebrand and Abraham, the sons of the late Bartsch von Kracht auf Sachsdorf. But none of these were present. Only Dietrich von Kracht, the Colonel, had given the courage on August 24, 1641 and received a note of courage, which he had lost in the Battle of Leipzig on June 19, 1643. Another encouragement slip was issued to him and since he was not coming to Küstrin himself, his authorized representative, the Electoral Chamberlain, Chief Stable Master and Colonel George Ehrenreich von Burgsdorff , gave up his duties on December 13, 1644.

According to the description of Cottbus and its villages in 1652, Eustachius von Kracht was the owner of Klinge. The watermill and a windmill were both passable . The marriage foundation between Eustach von Kracht and Elisabeth von Maltitz for a marriage allowance of 2,000 thalers dates from November 28, 1654 . The rest of the story is initially not documented. In 1691 an Isaac von Kracht, the son of Veit von Kracht, died on a blade without a male heir. This brought Klinge to his cousin Alexander Sigismund von Kracht on Strega; he was married to Anna Elisabeth, a daughter of Isaac von Kracht. Alexander Sigismund von Kracht died in 1700 or 1702 and left behind four sons Caspar Heinrich, Heinrich Sigismund, Christoph Ernst and Alexander Magnus.

On November 20, 1702, Christoph Ernst von Kracht signed the marriage contract with Anna Dorothea von Löben , daughter of Hans Nickel von Löben on Groß Döbbern on Strega and Klinge . After Houwald, however, his brother Caspar Heinrich also owned a stake in Strega, Groß Oßnig and Klinge. He had to sell Klinge to Hans Christoph von Pfuel for another 25 years . As early as 1705 Pfuel ceded his liens to the bailiff Johann Gottfried Schwarzkopf in Peitz. In 1710 he sold the blade for 14,000 thalers to Wolf Ernst von Zabeltitz in Laubsdorf. He was married to Anna Margarethe von Streumen; but he left no male offspring. In 1713 Caspar Heinrich von Kracht bought back the blade. However, he died two years later without male offspring. In 1715 his brother Christoph Ernst is on the blade, who probably sold the blade to his cousin Gottlob Heinrich von Kracht, the son of Bartusch Heinrich on Kracht, district administrator and state elder of the Spremberger district on Türkendorf. In 1729 he was able to acquire Gosda. In 1740 he sold Klinge and Gosda for 27,000 thalers and 500 thalers key money to Major General Bernhard von Beauvryé / Beauvrier. He was married to Johanna Henriette von Linger , daughter of the general of the infantry and chief of the artillery Christian Nikolaus von Linger. The marriage resulted in four sons and two daughters. He died in Berlin on August 13, 1750. The children initially owned the two goods in one piece. In 1759, the then lieutenant in Manteuffel's regiment, Ludwig Leonhard von Beauvrye, ceded his share of Klinge and Gosda for 6,000 thalers to his brother Friedrich Reinhard, lieutenant and adjutant general. The two sisters also waived their shares in return for a severance payment. However, Friedrich Reinhard ran into financial difficulties and in 1764 both goods were auctioned.

In another auction in 1772, Ludwig Leopold von Kleist (* 1723) bought the Klinge estate. On October 1, 1764, he was made Knight of the Order of St. John. In 1785 Christian Gulde stated that he was the owner of Klinge, while Friedrich Reinhard von Beauvrye sat at Gosda. Ludwig Leopold von Kleist married Antonie Friederike Countess von Schönburg on February 16, 1762 (* July 10, 1723). He died in Klinge on May 5, 1790, his wife on March 15, 1795. The marriage had remained childless. Heiress was Karoline Antonie Luise Countess von Reichenbach-Goschütz, b. Countess von Schönburg, the daughter of her brother Heinrich Ernst von Schönburg.

On May 28, 1801, the heiress left the Klinge estate to her daughter Emilie Louise Wilhelmine Countess von Reichenbach-Goschütz (born April 11, 1780) for 24,000 thalers on the occasion of her wedding to Lieutenant Gneomar Moritz Constantin Graf von Wartensleben (born March 14, 1780) , Son of Alexander Leopold Graf von Wartensleben and Dorothea Caroline Louise b. from the warrior as a dowry. Bratring names Count von Wartensleben, who is based in Klinge, as the owner of the manor.

On April 26, 1806, Emilie Louise sold Wilhelmine Countess von Wartensleben nee. Countess von Reichenbach-Goschütz bought the manor Klinge for 66,000 Taler Cour. and 100 ducats of key money to Rudolph Alexander von Unruh . He was married to Luise von Oppeln-Bronikowski since 1799 . He ran into financial difficulties and the Klinge estate had to be auctioned.

On March 26, 1817, the estate was finally given to Baron Carl Maximilian Friedrich von Goltstein for the highest bid of 31,100 thalers. Already on September 15, 1820 this blade was sold for 58,220 thalers to the merchant Friedrich Wilhelm Reimann, the blade was sold to Ludwig Coulon on November 15, 1821 without valuation in exchange for the Wenzlow estate with the Dannenreich and Friedrichshof establishments in the then Teltow-Storkow district and the estate Steinfurth ( Stahnsdorf Office ) swapped. On April 17, 1823, Ludwig Coulon sold Klinge to the reindeer and banker Carl Friedrich Printz for 54,950 thalers.

Carl Friedrich Printz established the Klingensaue Vorwerk in 1839. On April 6, 1840, Carl Friedrich Printz exchanged the blade for a house in Kurstrasse in Berlin for Lieutenant Carl Georg von Hannecken. Since the house was valued at 42,000 thalers, Printz received an additional 21,000 thalers and an annual annuity of 240 thalers limited to 15 years. In 1841 Hannecken signed a contract with the farmers and farmers in Klinge to replace their inheritance. Carl Georg von Hannecken sold the Klinge estate on 14/20. March 1842 to lieutenant a. D. Horaz / Horace Alphons Servière for 44,800 thalers. He still owned it in 1850. Berghaus indicates a total area of ​​2702 acres for the manor, including 501 acres of arable land, 123 acres of meadows and 1739 acres of forest. Rauer lists him as the owner of Klinge in 1857. In 1861, Klinge was owned by Lieutenant Jouanne, who was elected District Police Commissioner that year. Riehl and Scheu call him C. Souanne.

According to Adolph Frantz, the postman Karl Schmidt in Senftenberg owned the Klinge manor and the Klingensaue farm in 1863. Houwald states that he sold large parts of the manor as building land to residents from Klinge. The topographic-statistical manual of the government district of Frankfurt a. O. from 1867 (which gives the status from 1864 again) is now called the remains of the knights ' estate , which was owned by the Baron von Steinäcker.

In 1874, Adalbert Richard Friedrich Wilhelm Bruno Baron von Steinäcker is the owner of the manor in Klinge. He was deputy head of the district 8 Gosda in the district of Cottbus. Ellerholz then names the Cottbus master mason Friedrich Wilhelm Schneider as the owner of the Klinge manor in 1879. At that time, the remaining manor had a size of 190 ha, 81 ha of arable land, 12 ha of meadows, 17 ha of water and 80 ha of forest. The net income from property tax was 1,176.63 marks. A brick factory already belonged to the estate. In 1885 the net income from real estate tax was 1,286 marks with the same size. In 1884 the Klinge estate was sold to the lawyer Dr. Hoffmann in Berlin and in 1888/89 the estate was owned by a Christian Sellesk. The property handbook from 1896 now specifies the size of the manor as 200 hectares (85 hectares of fields, 27.5 hectares of meadows, 87.5 hectares of forest) with the same net income from property tax. An Ackermann is named as the owner, whom Houwald calls Gustav Ackermann. It is recorded in Klinge until 1914.

The property handbook from 1921 names an Oscar Coester as the (new) owner of the property. He had the estate run by an administrator named Friebler. The size of the property is given as 190 hectares, 50 hectares of arable land, 35 hectares of meadows, 100 hectares of woodland, 2 hectares of wasteland and 3 hectares of water.

Niekammer's goods address book from 1923 names a size of 135 hectares, 45 hectares of arable land, 18 hectares of meadows, 65 hectares of forest and 7 hectares of wasteland and water. The livestock is given as seven horses, 20 head cattle, eight of them cows and 15 pigs.

Niekammer's agricultural address book from 1929 mentions, in addition to Oscar Coester's manor, a smaller Paul Sellesk estate with a total size of 23 hectares. The net income from real estate tax on the Coester estate was only 820 marks. The size is still given as 134 ha. The livestock had reduced to four horses, ten head of main cattle, of which four were cows and 10 pigs.

Village history

In 1635 there are or were seven knight's hooves and 12½ farmer's hooves on the Feldmark. Except for one hoof, all peasant hooves are desolate. Three of the seven gardening positions are also vacant due to the devastation of the Thirty Years' War. The mill had also been destroyed. After the age of thirty, the rulers moved the Schulzengut with two farmer's hooves, another two-hoofed farm, a farm with 1½ hooves and two gardeners' jobs with one hoof each, a total of 7½ hooves and added them to the farm. According to the description of Cottbus and its villages in 1652, the watermill and a windmill were both passable . Among the gardeners were two minstrels and two tailors.

In 1718/19 the manor comprised seven knight's hooves and eight and a half farmer's hooves. Four farmers lived in the village, each with one hoof, and seven gardeners who shared three and a half cosset hooves. The field was sown annually. In 1787, Klinge had 28 houses and 163 residents. In 1805 the social structure in the village was as follows: four whole farmers, 13 kossäts, two Büdner and one granny. There was a forge, a windmill and a brick factory. A forester was responsible for the forest of the property. 188 people lived in 31 fireplaces . The size of the field mark is given as 16 hooves. In 1818 there were 257 people living in 45 fireplaces . The Klinger windmill was uninhabited. Three people lived in a residential building in the Klinger brickworks. The topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurt ad O. from 1844 (status 1840) now gives the number of 51 houses, the population as 309. In the Vorwerk Klingensaue there was a residential building in which 16 people lived. In 1850, 313 of the 329 people spoke Wendish.

In 1861 Riehl and Scheu gave the number of houses as 53 and the number of inhabitants as 318. In 1864, 52 residential buildings and 338 inhabitants were registered in the town. There was still only one residential building in the Vorwerk; it had 14 residents. To the west of the village stood the windmill, and in the southern part of the Feldmark there were two brickworks. Of the 324 residents, 260 were still speaking Wendish.

Population development in Klinge from 1787 to 1971
year 1787 1805 1818 1846 1871 1890 1900 1910 1925 1939 1946 1950 1964 1971
Residents 163 188 257 320 397 400 485 461 460 533 649 667 589 525
House Chamberlain at the level crossing in Klinge (Lausitz)

In 1927 an American plane landed in a field in the village. It was an emergency landing at the end of the second ocean crossing from America to Europe. The real goal was Berlin. In memory of the pilot Chamberlain , the Scheppan Inn in Klinge was named "Chamberlain Restaurant". The house still stands today and is used as a residential building.

In 1981 Klinge was excavated through the Jänschwalde opencast mine, except for a small part at the Klinge station . 432 people were resettled.

Local political affiliation

The place is located in Lower Lusatia and belonged to the Cottbus lordship , which came to the Electorate of Brandenburg in 1445 (half of Reinhard von Cottbus) and 1455 (half of Luther von Cottbus). In 1494 the lordships of Cottbus and Peitz were annexed to the Neumark . At the time of the division of the Mark Brandenburg (1535–1571) under Joachim II and Johann von Küstrin , the dominions Cottbus and Peitz belonged to the Principality of Brandenburg-Küstrin . In the early modern period, the Cottbus Beritt, and later the Cottbus Circle , emerged from the two lords . In 1806 Prussia had to cede the lordships of Cottbus and Peitz and the Cottbus district to the Kingdom of Saxony . In 1813/4 they came back to Prussia, and in 1815 the rest of Lower Lusatia, which Saxony had to cede to Prussia. In the district reform of 1816/7, the new Cottbus district, later the Cottbus district, was formed, to which the former Lower Lusatian enclaves were incorporated. In return, some previous exclaves were lost to neighboring districts. Klinge remained in the Cottbus district. In 1928 the parish and manor district were combined to form the parish of Klinge. In the district and district reform of 1952 in the former GDR , the new district of Forst was formed in the also new district of Cottbus ; Blade was assigned to this new circle. In the course of the partial evastation, the Restort Klinge was incorporated into Gosda on January 8, 1981. After reunification, 14 communities in the Forst and Spremberg districts merged to form the Döbern-Land office . During the district reform in 1993 in Brandenburg in the district of Spree-Neisse, the district of Forst was merged. As of December 31, 2001, the previously independent communities of Gahry , Gosda, Jethe , Mattendorf and Trebendorf formed the new community of Wiesengrund. Since then, Gosda has been part of the municipality of Wiesengrund, while Klinge is a part of the municipality without its own local political representation.

Monuments and sights

The robber barons gate in blade, back with plaque

The " robber barons gate " with three busts of knights stood in the blade until it was devastated . The lower jaws of the heads of the knight busts were missing. It is said that a swamp castle stood here as early as the Middle Ages. The robber barons living here attacked travelers and threw them into the castle dungeon. If their relatives could not pay the ransom they asked for, they would have cut off the prisoners' jaws.

After the completion of the mining work in the immediate vicinity of the place and the lifting of the mining protection, the robber barons gate was rebuilt in the remaining part of the place.

Church history

There was a chapel in Klinge, the start of construction remains unknown. It has been proven that it received its last known shape in 1828. Around 1880, a sermon was held in Sorbian every third Sunday, as almost all the villagers spoke Sorbian at that time. There is evidence that Klinge was parish off to Groß Lieskau from 1652 until the 20th century. Today, Klinge belongs to the Kreuzkirchen parish of Forst-Nord in the Evangelical Church District of Cottbus.

Personalities

  • Paul Hoffmann (1887–1975), educator, politician and Lord Mayor of Greifswald

See also

supporting documents

literature

  • Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz in the middle of the 19th century; or geographical-historical-statistical description of the Province of Brandenburg, at the instigation of the State Minister and Upper President Flottwell. Third volume. XCV S. + 783 S., printed and published by Adolph Müller, Brandenburg, 1856. Online at Google Books (in the following abbreviated Berghaus, Landbuch, 3 with corresponding page number)
  • Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring : Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg. Third and last volume: Containing the Neumark Brandenburg. VIII, 390 pp., Maurer, Berlin 1809 Online at Google Books (in the following abbreviated Bratring, Neumark Brandenburg, with corresponding page number).
  • Documentation of relocations due to mining , archive of lost places, forest 2010
  • Carl von Eickstedt: Contributions to a newer land book of the Brandenburg brands: prelates, knights, cities, fiefdoms, or Roßdienst and fiefdom. Creutz, Magdeburg 1840, online at Google Bools (hereinafter abbreviated to Eickstedt, Landbuch, with corresponding page number)
  • Christian Carl Gulde: Historical-geographical-state description of the rule Cottbus. Lausitzisches Magazin or collection of various treatises and news, 20 (3): 33–36, (4): 49–52, 69–71, 99–102, 133–137, Görlitz 1788 (1787) hereinafter abbreviated to Gulde, description of the Lordship of Cottbus with corresponding page number)
  • Götz Freiherr von Houwald : The Niederlausitz manors and their owners. Volume VII Kottbus District. 278 S., Neustadt an der Aisch 2001, Verlag Degener & Co. ISBN 3-7686-4206-2
  • Richard Ihlo, Wilfried Scholze, Max Balde: The village of Klinge from its beginnings to 1980. 192 p., Ed .: Rat des Kreises Forst, Forst 1981. (hereinafter abbreviated Ihlo et al., Klinge with corresponding page number)
  • Rudolf Lehmann : Sources for the history of Niederlausitz I. part. 290 p., Böhlau Verlag, Cologne, Vienna 1972 (p. 240)
  • Rudolf Lehmann: Historical local lexicon for Niederlausitz. Volume 2 The districts of Cottbus, Spremberg, Guben and Sorau. Hessisches Landesamt für Geschichtliche Landeskunde, Marburg, 1979 ISBN 3-921254-96-5 (hereinafter abbreviated Lehmann, Historisches Ortslexikon Niederlausitz, 2 with corresponding page number)
  • George Adalbert von Mülverstedt , Ed .: Collection of marriage foundations and personal commemorative letters of the knightly families of the provinces of Saxony, Brandenburg, Pomerania and Prussia . 360 p., Magdeburg 1863 (hereinafter abbreviated to Mülverstedt, marriage foundations and personal property letters with the corresponding page number)
  • Lost home - mining and its effects on churches and parishes in Upper and Lower Lusatia , Cottbus 2007 ISBN 3-935826-88-5

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Facts and Figures. In: amt-doebern-land.de. Office Döbern-Land, accessed on February 22, 2019 .
  2. ↑ a b Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv: Online research : The disputed border between the Saxon Gut Weißagk (Weißack, Sorau district) and the Brandenburg villages of Grötsch, Klinge, Branitz, Tranitz and Gosda. In it: contains u. a .: Copy of the document: Kaspar von Dohna notarizes his settlement of the dispute over the border between Klinge and Grötsch in the lordship of Cottbus on behalf of Hans von Biberstein, Herr zu Sorau and Beeskow, and Hans von Cottbus, Herr zu Cottbus and Weißagk in der Herrschaft Forst, 1344 (?) (Bl. 12-13; copy from 1748 of a certified copy from 1681; cf. Rudolf Lehmann, Document inventory for the history of Niederlausitz bis 1400, 1968, pp. 378-380 No. 996 with the date of the document in the late 14th century)
  3. ↑ Ernst Eichler |: The place names of Niederlausitz. 189 p., VEB Domowina-Verlag , Bautzen, 1975, p. 64.
  4. ↑ a b c d Lehmann, Historisches Ortslexikon, Niederlausitz, 2, pp. 51/52.
  5. ↑ Gerhard Krüger: The manors in the Cottbus lordship and their owners. 39 p., Verein für Heimatkunde, Cottbus 1939 (= Familienkundliche Hefte der Niederlausitz, Vol. 9), p. 22
  6. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel : Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis : Collection of documents, chronicles and other source documents. Part 3 Vol. 2, 516 S., Berlin, G. Reimer, 1860 Online at Google Books (p. 429)
  7. ↑ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv: Online research : Peter von Polenz (Polentczk) on Cottbus (Cotbus) sold to the Caspar, Ritter brothers after the dispute over Lübbenau Castle (sloß Lobnow) was settled; Hans, Heinrich, Leupold and Poppe von Köckritz (Kokritcz) on Friedland (Ffridlandt), Schenkendorf, Lieberose (Lubraß) and Lübbenau his right to the Lübbenau Castle, sold by Köckeritz, for 5½ thousand Rhenish ones from his deceased brother Georg von Polenz Gulden and hands it over to the bailiff of Lower Lusatia Heinrich (III. Von Plauen), burgrave of Meißen "alß der feudalhandt". Hans von Pannwitz (Panewitcz) on Kathlow (Catlow), Georg von Maxen (Maxsen) on (Nieder) Jeser (Jhessir), Günther von Kottwitz (Kathewitcz) on Klinge (to Clinge), Christoph von Löben (praise) on Klein-Döbern (Cleinen Döhbrin), Balthasar von Rechenberg, Hans von Polenz on Golzig (-ltcz), Georg von Muschwitz (-itcz) on Sielow (Sylow), Hans von Seben (Sebin) on Papitz (-itcz), Nickel from Köckritz (Kokritcz ) on Raakow (Rakow) promise to be a "right (...) rifle" as guarantor (would be self-guilty and castles) to represent and hold harmless the buyers and also Anna, the widow of Georg von Polenz and their daughter Anna ( and behave wonderfully, fraw Annan Gorg von Polentczks (…) wittwen (…) and jungfraw Annan irer both daughters (…) were addressed and prosecuted). (Geschrebenn zcu Cotbus on dinner day to Trinitaticz, after Cristi our gentlemen were born in vunffzcen 100 and in the first year of the year). 1501 June 8.
  8. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel: Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Collection of documents, chronicles and other source documents. Part 3 Vol. 2, 516 pp., Berlin, G. Reimer, 1860 Online at Google Books (p. 507)
  9. ^ Fritz Schmidt: The documents of the Cottbus city archive in regesta form. Niederlausitzer Mitteilungen, 10: 115–239, 1907, p. 140, document number 122.
  10. ↑ Mülverstedt, Marriage Foundations and Leibgedingsbriefe, p. 96 Online at Google Books .
  11. ↑ Eickstedt, Landbuch, p. 41 Online at Google Books
  12. ^ Eickstedt, Landbuch, p. 98 Online at Google Books
  13. ^ Ferdinand Karl Liersch: Noble members of the Kottbuser Schützengilde . Archiv für Stamm- und Wappenkunde, 10: 17–20, 1910. Online at www.archive.org
  14. ↑ a b Eickstedt, contributions, p. 284 online at Google Books
  15. ^ A b c Gerhard Krüger: The Lordship of Cottbus and its population after the Thirty Years' War. 94 p., Albert Heine, Cottbus 1936, p. 25.
  16. ^ Mülverstedt, Ehestiftungen and Leibgedingsbriefe, p. 321 Online at Google Books .
  17. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv: Online research : Marriage contract between Christoph Ernst von Kracht on Strega and Klinge and Anna Dorothea von Löben, daughter of Hans Nickel von Löben on Groß Döbbern and Buckwitz (Klein Buckow). November 20, 1702
  18. ↑ Anton Balthasar König: Biographical lexicon of all heroes and military figures who made themselves famous in the Prussian service. 1st part AF. 437 pp., Arnold Wever, Berlin 1788 Online at Google Books , p. 115.
  19. ↑ Johann Gottfried Dienemann: From the solennen knighthood held on October 1st in 1764. In: Johann Erdmann Hasse (Hrsg.): News from the Order of St. John, in particular of its Lordship in the Mark, Saxony, Pomerania and Wendland, as well as of the election and investiture of the current Lord Master, Prince August Ferdinand in Prussia Königl. Your Highness, along with a description of the accolades held in 1736, 1737, 1762 and 1764. George Ludewig Winter, Berlin 1767 Online at Google Books , p. 167.
  20. ^ Gulde, Description of the Lordship of Cottbus, p. 50 Online at Google Books .
  21. ↑ List of those princes, counts and lords who received the knighthood between 1731 and 1764. Berliner Revue, Volume 12, 126–128, Berlin 1858 Online at Google Books
  22. ^ Genealogical Reichs- und Staats-Handbuch: on the year 1804. First part, Barrentrapp and Wenner, Frankfurt am Main, 1804 online at Google Books (p. 332)
  23. ^ Heinrich Kypke (1885), and from additions by Hans Wätjen (1979) revised by Sigurd v. Kleist: history of the sex v. Kleist. Third part - biographies up to 1880. Third section Muttrin - Ladies line. The ladies' branch and the Ruschitz-Dargener branch. 2nd revised edition, Hamm 2016 PDF
  24. ↑ a b Bratring, Neumark Brandenburg, p. 349 Online at Google Books
  25. ↑ Julius von Wartensleben: News from the family of the Counts of Wartensleben. 1st part of the document book. 388 S., Albert Nauck and Comp., Berlin, 1858 Online at Google Books (p. 233).
  26. ^ Berghaus, Landbuch, 3, p. 594. Online at Google Books
  27. ^ Karl Friedrich Rauer: Hand register of the knight estates represented in all circles of the Prussian state on district and state parliaments. 454 p., Self-published by Rauer, Berlin 1857, p. 123.
  28. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Frankfurt a / O., Year 1861, 33rd issue, from August 14, 1861 online at Google Books p. 190.
  29. ↑ a b Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl, J. Scheu: Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz in their history and in their present existence. J. Scheu, Berlin 1861, online at Google Books (p. 619).
  30. ^ Adolf Frantz: General register of lordships, knights and other goods of the Prussian monarchy with information on the area, yield, property tax, owner, purchase and tax prices. 117 p., Verlag der Gsellius'schen Buchhandlung, Berlin, 1863, p. 75
  31. ↑ a b c Topographical-statistical manual of the government district of Frankfurt a. O. 346 S., published by Gustav Harnecker u. Co., Frankfurt a. Cit., 1867 Online at Google Books (p. 43)
  32. ↑ Local family book Groß Lieskow and Jänschwalde - family report: Adelaide Caroline Charlotte Emilie Ernestine Johanna Louise Ottilie von Steinäcker * 1850 in? lived in blade
  33. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Frankfurt a / O., Year 1861, Extraordinary supplement to the 28th issue, from July 15, 1874 online at Google Books p. 2.
  34. ^ Paul Ellerholz, H. Lodemann, H. von Wedell: General address book of the manor and estate owners in the German Empire. With details of the properties, their size (in Culturart), their net income from property tax, their tenants, branches of industry and post offices. I. The Kingdom of Prussia. I. Delivery The Province of Brandenburg. 311 pp., Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung R. Stricker, Berlin 1879, PDF , pp. 44–45.
  35. ^ Paul Ellerholz: Handbook of real estate in the German Empire. With indication of all goods, their quality, their size (in culture type); your property tax net income; their owners, tenants, administrators etc .; of industries; Postal stations; Breeding of special cattle, exploitation of livestock etc. I. The Kingdom of Prussia. I. Delivery: Province of Brandenburg. 2nd improved edition, 340 p., Berlin, Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1885, p. 24/25.
  36. ↑ Paul Ellerholz, Ernst Kirstein, Traugott Müller, W. Gerland and Georg Volger: Handbuch des Grundbesitz im Deutschen Reiche. With indication of all goods, their quality, their size and type of culture; your property tax net income; their owners, tenants, administrators etc .; of industries; Post, telegraph and railroad stations; Breeding of special breeds of animals; Exploitation of the livestock etc. I. The Kingdom of Prussia. I. Delivery: Province of Brandenburg. 3rd improved edition, 310 pages, Berlin, Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1896
  37. ↑ R. Stricker, with the participation of the authorities and chambers of agriculture (ed.): Handbuch des Grundbesitzes im Deutschen Reiche. Brandenburg Province. Complete address book of all manors, estates and larger farms with details of the owners, tenants and administrators, the post, telegraph and railway stations and their distance from the property, as well as the telephone connections, the property property, the property tax net income, the total area and the area of ​​the individual crops, livestock, livestock exploitation, animal breeding and special crops, industrial facilities, courts and administrative districts, along with an alphabetical register of places and persons, an overview of the agricultural and structural conditions of the respective part of the country, a directory of the agricultural authorities and associations, cooperatives and industrial companies, as well as an exact map. 6th completely revised edition, 296 pages, Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung, Berlin, 1921.
  38. ^ Oskar Koehler (arrangement), Kurt Schleising (introduction): Niekammer's agricultural goods address books. Agricultural goods address book of the province of Brandenburg: List of all manors, estates and larger farms in the province of approx. 30 hectares upwards with details of property properties, net income from property tax, the total area and the area of ​​the individual crops, livestock, all industrial plants and the telephone connections, information about the property, tenants and administrators, the post, telegraph and railway stations and their distance from the property, the Protestant and Catholic parishes, the registry office districts, the city and official districts, the higher regional, regional and local courts, one alphabetical place and person registers, the manual of the royal authorities and a map in the scale 1: 175.0000. I-XXXII, 343 pp., Reichenbach'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Leipzig, 1923, p. 136.
  39. ↑ Ernst Seyfert, Hans Wehner, Alexander Haußknecht, Ludwig Hogrefe (eds.): Agricultural address book of the manors, estates and farms of the province of Brandenburg: List of all manors, estates and farms from approx. 20 ha upwards with information on the property, the total area and the area of ​​the individual crops, the livestock, the company's own industrial facilities and telephone connections, details of the owners, tenants and administrators, the post, telegraph and railway stations and their distance from the property, the regional and local courts, an alphabetical register of places and persons , a directory of the most important government agencies and agencies, agricultural associations and corporations. 4th increased and improved edition, 464 p., Leipzig, Verlag von Niekammer's address books, Leipzig, 1929 (Niekammer's goods address books Volume VII) p. 196.
  40. ↑ a b Gulde, Description of the Lordship of Cottbus, p. 34 Online at Google Books .
  41. ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the district of Frankfurth ad O. 388 S., G. Hayn, Berlin, 1820, p. 55.
  42. ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurt ad O. 270 S., Frankfurt a. O., Gustav Harnecker's Buchhandlung, 1844 Online at Google Books , p. 41
  43. ↑ Contribution to the statistics of the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics. Historical community directory of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005 19.13 District Spree-Neisse PDF
  44. ↑ Ihlo et al., Klinge, p. 17
  45. ↑ Documentation of relocations caused by mining, Archive of Disappeared Places, Forst 2010, p. 125
  46. ↑ List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg: District Spree-Neiße (PDF) Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum
  47. ↑ Lost Homeland - Mining and its effects on churches and parishes in Upper and Lower Lusatia, Cottbus 2007, p. 66
  48. ^ Evangelical Kreuzkirchengemeinde Forst-Nord

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