List of former monasteries, monasteries and people to come in East Frisia

The list of former monasteries, monasteries and comers in East Friesland includes all proven former monasteries , monasteries and comers in East Friesland . According to tradition, there was almost nowhere in the medieval German Empire a monastery landscape like in East Friesland , where about 30 branches of various orders can be identified, none of which survived the Reformation . Their exact number is unknown, as some branches of various orders were abandoned early on or it is unclear whether some houses were ever an independent monastery.

Former monasteries, monasteries and comers in East Friesland

The locations of the former monasteries are shown on the map. The color shows the affiliation of the monasteries to the respective religious order. The relatively even distribution of the monasteries in East Frisia is easy to see. There is only a concentration for the historical Emsigerland , which the East Frisian cultural historian Fridrich Arends attributes to the (agricultural) wealth of that sub-region in the Middle Ages: “For the clergy it was a particularly blessed land; the number of monasteries erected in its corridors was a third of the rest in the whole province, and they were richest and endowed with the best lands. "

The unusually high number of monasteries founded in East Frisia is explained by the fact that there was a symbiosis between the local elites and the religious institutions. As far as this can be proven so far, the monasteries were under the protection of the respective state community, which is why this is listed in the third column. The natural area listed in the fourth column allows conclusions to be drawn about the economic basis of the monastery. The archives of the monasteries, monasteries, and those coming were destroyed or otherwise lost during or after the Reformation. The foundation dates listed in the fifth column are therefore mostly based on the results of archaeological excavations or on indirect evidence that falls back on later recorded evidence. The sixth column, on the other hand, lists the actual initial mention of the monasteries and those who came, as far as this is known to date. The eighth column shows the unusually large number of double monasteries in the region.

The second table follows the same breakdown, but lists monasteries where evidence of their existence has so far only been indirect.

→ Main article : This list is a supplement to the article Klosterlandschaft Ostfriesland , which also contains the underlying literature.

Monasteries, monasteries and comers whose existence is assured

Monastery , monastery or coming (location)	medal	State municipality	Natural space	Foundation or	first mention	End or dissolution	Occupancy	image	Remarks
Reepsholt ( )	Canon Regular	Oestringen	Geest	983	1999	unknown / before the Reformation	Men's monastery		The monastery was created from a donation by two sisters to Adaldag , the Archbishop of Bremen.
Meerhusen ( )	Benedictines , from 1219 Cistercians , then Cistercians	Auricherland	Geest	1183-1198	1219	1204 at the latest	Convent		When the double monastery was founded , it was converted into a women's monastery after it was taken over by the Cistercians.
Thedinga ( )	Benedictine	Moormerland	Geest	1283	1338	after 1616	Double monastery		The renaissance case of the monastery organ was possibly reused for the instrument of the St.-Georg-Christophorus-Jodokus-Kirche in Stellichte (1610).
Sielmönken ( )	Benedictine	Emsigerland	march	1276	1999	after 1569	Double monastery		Taken over in 1444 by the Augustinian Canons ( Congregation of Windesheim )
Marienthal ( )	Benedictine	North	march	1999	1255	1530	Double monastery		Marienthal was the home monastery of the East Frisian count family Cirksena , whose burial place was there from 1464 to 1548.
Ihlow ( )	Cistercians	Auricherland	Geest	1999	1216	1527-1531	Men's monastery		Mother monastery was Aduard . Ihlow was the most important monastery in East Friesland and at the time of the so-called Frisian Freedom it was very likely the archive and office of the Upstalsboom Association.
Marienkamp  ( ) / Pansath ( )	Benedictines , Augustinian Canons from 1420 ( Windesheim Congregation )	Harlingerland	Geest	1999	1235	1530-1534	Double monastery		Pansath Monastery was probably initially just a suburb of Marienkamp. After its destruction, it took on the remaining monks.
Barthe ( )	Premonstratensian women	Moormerland	Geest	1170-1185	1284	1598-1601	Convent		Barthe was a rather average East Frisian convent, which is why it was researched most intensively next to Ihlow Monastery.
Easter cereal ( )	Augustinian women	Rheiderland	Geest	before 1376	1376	Early 16th century	Convent		Disbanded at the beginning of the 16th century due to the dollar slump .
Palmar ( )	Premonstratensians	Rheiderland	Geest	1204	1999	1447	Double monastery		Disbanded in 1447 because of the dollar slump .
Langen ( ) / Blauhaus ( )	Premonstratensians	Emsigerland	march	around 1240	1255	1566	Double monastery		Langen was moved to Blauhaus in 1499 after severe storm surges.
Aland ( )	Premonstratensians , then Premonstratensians	Emsigerland	march	around 1240	1255	around 1565	Double monastery, later women's monastery		When the double monastery was founded. The men's convention went under at the beginning of the 16th century.
Hesel ( )	Johanniter	Moormerland	Geest	1999	1319	1495/99	Duplicate		Incorporated in 1495 after Kommende Hasselt , but still mentioned in 1499 as an independent Kommende.
Hopels ( )	Premonstratensian women	Oestringen	Geest	1235-1287	1290	1580	Convent		incorporated into Marienkamp around 1450 .
Coldinne ( )	Premonstratensians	North	Geest	1235-1287	1290	1580	Double monastery		incorporated in Marienkamp around 1540 .
Sconamora ( ) / Oldekloster ( )	Premonstratensians	Harlingerland	Geest	1235-1287	1999	before 1420	Double monastery		Incorporated in Marienkamp around 1420 . After that, both were run as Vorwerk .
Jemgum ( )	Johanniter	Rheiderland	Geest	1999	1284	1533	Duplicate		Soldiers of the Duke of Geldern destroyed the monastery during the first battle of Jemgum .
Dune broek ( )	Johanniter	Rheiderland	march	1999	1319	around 1550	Duplicate		A silver chalice in honor of St. John commissioned by Commander Arnold in 1511 is considered the only surviving altarpiece from an East Frisian Johanniter commander. It is owned by the Wibadi Church in Wiegboldsbur .
Muhde ( )	Johanniter	Overledingerland	Geest	1999	1319	1556 at the latest	Duplicate		According to historical tradition, there was a fair in Muhde, which may have been held for the parish fair .
Hasselt ( )	Johanniter	Moormerland	Geest	1999	1319	1528	Duplicate		After the Reformation , Count Enno II Hasselt moved in. In 1574, the Counts of East Friesland had to return the commander to the order after several court cases.
Langholt ( )	Johanniter	Overledingerland	Geest	1999	1319	around 1583	Duplicate		After the Reformation , Count Enno II. Langholt moved in. In 1574, the Counts of East Friesland had to return the commander to the order after several court cases.
Boekzetel ( )	Johanniter	Auricherland	Geest	1999	1319	1499	Duplicate		According to tradition, the Benedictines founded a monastery in Boekzetel, which they later moved to Thedinga Monastery . In 1319 at the latest, the Johanniter took over the property.
Barrier ( )	Johanniter	Emsigerland	march	1999	1319	1529	Duplicate		At the beginning of the 16th century Abbingwehr was considered to be the richest coming from East Frisia.
Heiselhusen ( )	Johanniter	Emsigerland	march	1999	1446	1492	Double monastery		After 1492 incorporated into Abbingwehr Abbey .
Burmönken ( )	Johanniter	Oestringen	Geest	1999	1319	around 1528	Duplicate		Burmönken was the only branch of Johanniter in the East Frisian jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Bremen .
North ( )	Dominican	North	Geest	1999	1264	1527	Double monastery		Dissolved as the first East Frisian monastery.
Dykhusen ( )	Augustinian women	Emsigerland	march	1999	1376	1531	Convent		Taken over by Dominicans around 1451 .
Faldern ( )	Augustinians	Emsigerland	march	1999	1317	1561	Men's monastery		Faldern was the only Franciscan monastery in East Friesland. On December 23, 1464, Faldern Monastery was the site of the solemn ceremony with which Ulrich I was led by Emperor Friedrich III. was appointed Imperial Count of East Frisia.
Appingen ( )	Carmelites	Emsigerland	Geest	1999	1436	1545	Convent		The convent in Appingen was the only settlement of the Carmelites in East Friesland and the last monastery founded in the region.

Monasteries, monasteries and those coming whose existence or location is unclear

Monastery , monastery or coming (location)	medal	State municipality	Natural space	Foundation or	first mention	End or dissolution	Occupancy	Remarks
Balna Insula (location unknown)	Premonstratensians		march		1270/1290	unknown / before the Reformation	unknown	The monastery is mentioned as sancta Maria in Balna Insula in two catalogs of the Premonstratensian order created between 1270 and 1290. It was possibly on Borkum.
Margins ( )	unknown, later Augustinian canons	Harlingerland	Geest			1530-1534	unknown	Old maps, finds of stones in the monastery format as well as official duties of the surrounding villages indicate the existence of an independent monastery.
Terheide ( )	unknown, later Cistercian	Harlingerland	Geest				unknown	Old maps and official duties of the surrounding villages indicate the existence as an independent monastery.
Tjuchen ( )	Johanniter	Oestringen	Geest		1319		unknown	Tjüchen is mentioned in 1319 as an independent commander, but later only as a preliminary work for Burmönken.
Burlage ( )	Johanniter	Overledingerland	Geest		1319		unknown	Burlage is mentioned in 1319 as an independent commander, but later only as a Vorwerk of Langholt.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ The data are taken from Paul Weßels : Barthe - On the history of a monastery and the subsequent domain on the basis of written sources. Norden 1997, ISBN 3-928327-26-7 , p. 24 and supplemented with information from: Josef Dolle with the collaboration of Dennis Kniehauer (Ed.): Niedersächsisches Klosterbuch. Directory of the monasteries, monasteries, comedians and beguinages in Lower Saxony and Bremen from the beginnings to 1810 . Part 1-4. Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 3-89534-956-9 .
2. ↑ Hajo van Lengen (ed.): The Frisian freedom of the Middle Ages - life and legend . Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 2003, ISBN 3-932206-30-4 , p. 195.
3. ↑ Fridrich Arends: Erdbeschreibung des Fürstenthums Ostfriesland and Harlingerlandes , Emden 1824. Online in the Google book search, p. 282, accessed on May 26, 2013.
4. ↑ Hajo van Lengen (ed.): The Frisian freedom of the Middle Ages - life and legend. Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 2003, ISBN 3-932206-30-4 , p. 243.
5. ^ Josef Dolle: Balna Insula . In: Josef Dolle with the collaboration of Dennis Kniehauer (Ed.): Lower Saxony Monastery Book. Directory of the monasteries, monasteries, comedians and beguinages in Lower Saxony and Bremen from the beginnings to 1810 . Part 1, Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 3-89534-957-7 , p. 33
6. ↑ Axel Heinze: Margens . In: Josef Dolle with the collaboration of Dennis Kniehauer (Ed.): Lower Saxony Monastery Book. Directory of the monasteries, monasteries, comedians and beguinages in Lower Saxony and Bremen from the beginnings to 1810 . Part 2, Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 3-89534-958-5 , p. 988 ff.
7. ↑ Axel Heinze: Terheide . In: Josef Dolle with the collaboration of Dennis Kniehauer (Ed.): Lower Saxony Monastery Book. Directory of the monasteries, monasteries, comedians and beguinages in Lower Saxony and Bremen from the beginnings to 1810 . Part 3, Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 3-89534-959-3 , p. 1410 f.
8. ↑ Marc Sgonina: Tjüchen - Johanniter . In: Josef Dolle with the collaboration of Dennis Kniehauer (Ed.): Lower Saxony Monastery Book. Directory of the monasteries, monasteries, comedians and beguinages in Lower Saxony and Bremen from the beginnings to 1810 . Part 3, Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 3-89534-959-3 , p. 1414.
9. ↑ Josef Dolle: Burlage . In: Josef Dolle with the collaboration of Dennis Kniehauer (Ed.): Lower Saxony Monastery Book. Directory of the monasteries, monasteries, comedians and beguinages in Lower Saxony and Bremen from the beginnings to 1810 . Part 1, Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 3-89534-957-7 , p. 278.

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This version was added to the selection of informative lists and portals on September 13, 2013 .