List of people killed in the course of the so-called Röhm Putsch

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The following article provides a list-like overview of the course of the Roehm purge became known political purges of the Nazis murdered June 30 to July 2, 1934 persons, insofar as they are known by name.

On June 30, 1934, the list of people who were admitted to the Stadelheim prison in Munich on that day. After this list was presented to him on June 30th, Hitler marked the names of six SA leaders whose execution he ordered with a short pencil mark (/) in front of their names. The list was then handed over to the commander of his bodyguard, Sepp Dietrich, with the information that he had to take care of the execution of the men whose names were Hitler. This was carried out on the evening of June 30th in a courtyard of the prison. The prison administration underlined the names of these six men shot in Stadelheim with green pencils. Other prisoners who were picked up from the prison in the course of July 1, 1934 and shot at other locations were underlined with a red line by the prison administration.

Number of those murdered

As the historian Hermann Mau noted in his study of the Röhm affair of 1953, there is "hardly a case of the National Socialist era whose traces were covered with such painful care" as the murder from June 30th to July 2nd 1934. So the exact number of those murdered in the course of the "cleansing measures", the exact course of the decision-making processes and preparatory measures that preceded the operation, the course of many arrests and executions, the personal details of a large number of the perpetrators and many other details are still not available today completely cleared up.

The reason for this was that immediately after the completion of the murder and arrest measures these days, the Nazi government began to systematically remove as much evidence as possible that later investigators could provide information about it. The main motivating factor for this approach was probably the efforts of those responsible to protect themselves from legal prosecution in the event of a political upheaval in Germany by having all documents removed from the world as possible, who could have refuted (and therefore incriminated) the propaganda claims they used to justify the action in public. In practice, this destruction of evidence was carried out in such a way that shortly after Hitler ordered the murder to be stopped on the evening of July 1, Hermann Göring ordered all files related to the Röhm affair to be burned. The members of the SS who carried out the shootings were given an oath of honor by their superiors to maintain strict silence about their deeds during the action or (in the case of shootings in front of a large audience) about the events they had witnessed. Some sources also speak of the threat that anyone who illegally disclosed their knowledge to third parties would be shot themselves.

The judicial authorities were only allowed to investigate the murders carried out from June 30 to July 2 in exceptional cases, as in the case of Kuno Kamphausen . The basis for the decision as to which murders were allowed to be investigated and which not was an official death list with 77 names compiled at the beginning of July 1934 by the Detective Inspector Franz Josef Huber in the Secret State Police Office based on reports from the subordinate Gestapo and SD agencies . After Heinrich Himmler presented this list to Hitler and approved it, the murder of all persons on it was withdrawn from the judiciary, which was therefore only allowed to investigate the murder of people who were not on the 77 list. It can be assumed that the 77 people whom Hitler gave in his Reichstag speech of July 13 as the total number of those killed are identical to the 77 people on the list drawn up by Huber.

During the Nazi party rally in 1934, Himmler and the State Secretary in the Justice Ministry, Roland Freisler, were able to convince Hitler to put six more people killed on the list of officially approved murders, which thus increased to 83 people.

Since the 1970s, further indicators have emerged that make it possible to further limit the number of victims: For example, the historian Günther Kimmel was able to obtain the death certificates of the people murdered from June 30 to July 2 in Munich and the surrounding area at the Dachau / Prittlbach registry office - with one exception of the seven SA leaders who were shot in the Stadelheim prison. In addition to the sixteen people killed in the Munich area on the official list, he was able to find death certificates for five other people there (Adler, Gans, Häbich, Hereth, Wilhelm Eduard Schmid). At the beginning of the 1990s, Wolfram Selig was able to locate the ministerial book of the Munich crematorium in which the bodies of the victims of the cleanup who were murdered in Munich were burned. In this, 28 people (23 on the official list and the five people identified by Kimmel in the Dachau registry office) were recorded as dead people who had been cremated in connection with the Röhm affair at the instigation of the political police. From the exact match of the Munich victims, which emerges from the registry office's records and the crematorium's cremation log, it was later concluded that at least in Munich there were no - or at most a small number - other victims.

Sorted geographically, 27 died in Berlin and the surrounding area (2 of them in Potsdam), 28 in Munich and the surrounding area, 21 people in Silesia (9 of them in the area of ​​Breslau, 4 in Hirschberg, 2 in Leobschütz, 2 in Landeshut, 1 in Glogischdorf, 1 in Schweidnitz, 1 Boberrhördorff and 1 in Waldenburg), 5 in Dresden, 2 in Lichtenburg concentration camp, 1 person in Ellwangen, 1 person in Gieen, 1 person in Tilsit, 1 person in Plauen, 1 person in Deutsch-Eylau and 1 person in Szczecin and 1 person in an unknown location.

Information on the number of victims in the contemporary press and journalism

Due to the requirements of the Propaganda Ministry, only a few victims were allowed to be known by name in the German press : These were the six SA leaders shot in the Stadelheim prison , as well as Ernst Röhm , the group leader Karl Ernst and General Kurt von Schleicher and his wife. The publication of the wording of Hitler's Reichstag speech on July 13 also made Standartenführer Julius Uhl known to have been killed.

The foreign press, which tried to find out the actual number of people killed in the following months, was only able to provide very vague information due to the distance to the crime scenes and the difficulty of finding witnesses from Germany who would be willing to give evidence. The international press reports from the weeks immediately after the shootings presented extremely high numbers of victims, which were largely rejected by later research. They also identified numerous people as killed, whose survival could later be determined, such as the Potsdam Police President Wolf-Heinrich von Helldorff , the Bavarian monarchist leader Count Guttenberg and the publicist Walther Schotte . For example, the Daily Telegraph of July 7th put the number of people killed at 255, while the Manchester Guardian put it in its October 26, 1934 edition with "about 1000". The Neue Wiener Journal again assessed it as “1184”. The authors of the white book on the shootings of June 30, 1934 , published in Paris in autumn 1934 , claimed to be certain that more than 1,000 people had been killed during the Röhm affair, of whom they name only 113, including those too some could later be determined as definitely not murdered. The historian Wolfgang Sauer called the high number of victims published abroad in the 1950s fantasy, although he himself assumed 150 to 200 murdered. It is unclear to what extent the various excessive numbers of victims that were launched abroad were honest misunderstandings and errors or whether in some cases they were not deliberately false statements made by Nazi opponents for political reasons - especially for propaganda purposes - with the aim of the world were set to further dramatize the already dubious conditions in the German Reich in the perception of foreign countries, in order to strengthen the foreign country in its loathing and opposition to the Nazi regime.

Information on the number of victims in the research literature

In scientific research, the information on the number of people killed has been controversial since the 1950s: Hermann Mau estimated the number at the beginning of the 1950s to be 150 to 230 deaths. Wolfgang Sauer then “only” assumed a number of 150 to 200 people killed in 1960. Karl Martin Graß said in 1968 that, as "a detailed analysis of all cases shows, [...] the number of those murdered was 85". In his study of the Röhm affair of 1970, the Israeli historian Charles Bloch assumed , like Sauer, 150 to 200 people murdered during the Röhm affair. Hans Mommsen criticized Bloch in his 1971 review of his book and insisted that the “estimates of 150 to 200 victims” were out of date and that it had long been “irrefutably proven” that there were “85 victims in total”.

Michael Salewski wrote in his contribution The armed power in the Third Reich 1933-1939 in German Military History Volume IV about "at least" 200 murdered people. In his Himmler biography from 2008, Peter Longerich spoke of the fact that "around 150 to 200 people" had been executed.

In 1993 Otto Gritschneder was able to name 90 murdered people in his book Der Führer has sentenced them to death after revising the official list. In 2012, Rainer Orth identified eighty-nine people who were definitely killed as well as two other potential victims (Karl Günther Heimsoth and a man named Krause, whose first name was unknown), whose killing in the context of the Röhm affair had not been proven. He crossed out one person (Theodor Schmidt) from Gritschneder's list as definitely not killed and two others as not decidable, but at the same time added two other victims (Mosert and Oppenheim) who were still missing from Gritschneder's list. With reference to the files of the Ministry of Finance on the survivors' pensions of the relatives of the victims, in which no other dead persons appear, he assumed that the number of dead people only marginally exceeded the number of 89 identified dead. In another publication he added another person to the list of victims by identifying the man named "Krause", who was previously only known by surname, as Kurd Krause and at the same time providing evidence that this person, who had previously been considered possibly murdered, had actually been killed . Accordingly, he increased his information on the victims of the Röhm affair from eighty-nine to ninety verifiably killed people and assumes no or only a small number of other unreported victims.

In 1998 Ian Kershaw wrote in his biography of Hitler that, notwithstanding the aforementioned, ordered by Göring, the files relating to the action were "not destroyed". For example, "the remaining files [...] still list 85 to 90 people", of whom "only 50 belonged to the SA". He also refers to the estimates that the unreported number of those killed "totaled 150 to 200 people".

Treatment of the corpses

The six SA leaders who were shot in the Stadelheim prison on the evening of June 30th were buried that same night in the Perlach cemetery. Ernst Röhm was also buried there on the night of July 1st and 2nd. On July 10, 1934, the Bavarian Gauleiter Adolf Wagner ordered the bodies of those shot to be exhumed and cremated. This took place on July 21, when the dead were cremated in the crematorium at Munich's Ostfriedhof. In the ministerial book of the crematorium, besides the entries with the names of these seven people, the note “State criminal” was entered. In some cases the ashes of the dead were passed on to the relatives, so the parents of Count Spreti received a box with the remains of their deceased, postmarked on August 20th.

In order to avoid a stir, funerals had to be held within five minutes and only five relatives were allowed to be present, a clergyman was not allowed to attend.

The corpses of sixteen people shot in and near the Dachau concentration camp were transferred to Munich's Ostfriedhof in a moving van around midnight on July 2, where they were kept unnamed, wearing only drill trousers and a cloth in front of their mouths. After three days in the crematorium, they were cremated there.

Of the people shot in and around Munich, only Otto Ballerstedt , Fritz Beck , Alexander Glaser and Wilhelm Eduard Schmid received regular burials. The deaths of all these twenty people were recorded at the Prittlbach registry office, which was responsible for the Dachau concentration camp, whereby - out of negligence or for the purpose of concealment - z. Sometimes wrong dates and times of death were entered in the death register. Even Glaser, who died from his gunshot wounds in hospital on July 5, 1934, was registered as dead on June 30 in Dachau.

The people shot in the Lichterfelde cadet institute were taken to the Wedding crematorium in two large police trucks at noon on July 2, 1934 , where they were cremated under the supervision of the Gestapo. On July 3, five people ( Herbert von Bose , Erich Klausener , Gregor Strasser , Othmar Toifl and Edgar Jung ), who had been murdered elsewhere in the Berlin area, were first taken to the morgue on June 30 and July 1 had been brought in on Hannoversche Strasse, taken from the morgue to the Wedding crematorium and cremated there. The married couple Kurt and Elisabeth von Schleicher, who were killed in Neubabelsberg, were also cremated in the Wedding crematorium. The cremations in the Wedding crematorium were all carried out anonymously. H. the names of the dead were not given to the employees of the crematorium; instead, the dead only had slips of paper with numbers in their trouser pockets, which were then transferred to the ash pods into which the ashes of the dead were filled. The Gestapo had a list of references to the slip numbers. In principle, no information about these persons was allowed to be made in the register book of the crematorium. In addition, no payment was made for the cremation, in order not to have the process on record in this regard either. The crematorium employees were sworn to secrecy under threat of being shot. In total, the "approximately thirty corpses" of the victims of the murder in the Weddinger crematorium were removed.

The five people executed on July 1st in Dresden by the political readiness there ( Ernst Ewald Martin , Joachim Schroedter , Lamberdus Ostendorp , Otto Pietrzok and Max Schuldt ) were cremated in the Dresden-Tolkewitz crematorium.

The people shot in Breslau on July 1, 1934, were initially temporarily buried in the Riemberg-Obernik forest near Breslau, where they had been murdered, and later exhumed and cremated in the Gräbschen-Breslau crematorium.

Official documentation of the deaths of people who died during the Röhm affair

Over the decades, research has brought to light numerous official death certificates as official documentation of the deaths of various victims of the Röhm affair. A large part of the deaths of people who were murdered on June 30th to July 2nd, 1934, were registered at the registry offices in Berlin-Lichterfelde , Breslau , Dresden and Prittlbach .

Berlin registry offices :

  • Civil registry office Berlin I register number 1951/26706: Adalbert Probst (according to the decision of the Düsseldorf District Court of September 30, 1950, 42 II 932/49 with effect from July 10, 1934 declared dead)
  • Civil registry office Berlin II Death certificate No. 1934/101: Erich Klausener dated July 23, 1934 (official date of death: June 30, 1934 1:15 p.m.; notarized on notification of the Berlin State Police Office)
  • Civil registry office [Berlin-] Dahlem death certificate no. 1934/105 dated September 7, 1934: Karl Ernst (official time and place of death: June 30, 1934, 9:37 pm in the SS barracks in Lichterfelde; notarized on notification from the Berlin State Police Office)
  • Civil registry office [Berlin-] Köpenick death certificate no. 1934/381 of July 30, 1934: Erwin Villain (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, 12 noon in the SS barracks in Lichterfelde; notarized on notification of the Berlin State Police Office)
  • Civil registry office [Berlin-] Lichterfelde death certificate no. 1934/588 of July 10, 1934: Walter von Mohrenschildt (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, 7.15 p.m. in the SS barracks in Lichterfelde; notarized on notification from the Berlin State Police Office )
  • Civil registry office [Berlin-] Lichterfelde death certificate no. 1934/640 of July 28, 1934: Herbert von Bose (official time and place of death: June 30, 1934, 1.30 p.m. at Vossstrasse 1; notarized on notification of the Berlin State Police Office)
  • Civil registry office [Berlin-] Lichterfelde death certificate no. 1934/654 of August 2, 1934: Joachim Hoffmann (SS member) (official time and place of death: June 30, 1934, 8 pm in the SS barracks in Lichterfelde; notarized upon notification of the Secret State Police Office Berlin)
  • Civil registry office [Berlin-] Lichterfelde death certificate no. 1934/712 dated August 25, 1934: Daniel Gerth (official time and place of death: July 2, 1934, 2.15 in the morning in the SS barracks in Lichterfelde; notarized on notification of the Berlin State Police Office)
  • Civil registry office [Berlin-] Lichterfelde death certificate no. 1934/725 dated August 29, 1934: Konrad Schragmüller (official time and place of death: July 2, 1934, 1.30 a.m. in the SS barracks in Lichterfelde; notarized on notification from the Berlin State Police Office)
  • Civil registry office [Berlin-] Lichterfelde death certificate no. 1934/765 dated December 11, 1934: Willi Klemm (official time and place of death: July 2, 1934, 3.15 a.m. in the SS barracks in Lichterfelde; notarized on notification of the Berlin State Police Office)
  • Civil registry office [Berlin-] Lichterfelde death certificate no. 1934/782 of December 19, 1934: Hans Walter Schmidt (official time and place of death: July 2, 1934, 12.15 p.m. in the SS barracks in Lichterfelde; notarized on notification from the Berlin State Police Office )
  • Civil registry office [Berlin-] Lichterfelde death certificate no. 1934/964 dated November 20, 1934: Kurd Krause (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, 1 a.m. in the SS barracks in Lichterfelde; notarized on notification from the Berlin State Police Office)
  • Civil registry office [Berlin-] Lichterfelde death certificate no. 1934/997 of November 30, 1934: Hans-Karl Koch (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, 7:30 in the afternoon in the SS barracks in Lichterfelde; notarized on notification from the Secret State Police Office Berlin)
  • Civil registry office [Berlin-] Lichterfelde death certificate no. 1935 [sic!] / 696 of July 12, 1935: Fritz von Kraußer (official time and place of death: July 2, 1934, 3 a.m. in the SS barracks in Lichterfelde; notarized on notification of the Secret State Police Office Berlin)
  • Civil registry office [Berlin-] Spandau I Death certificate no. 1934/835: Veit-Ulrich von Beulwitz dated July 18, 1934 (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, 8 a.m. in the SS barracks in Lichterfelde; notarized upon notification of the Secret State Police Office Berlin)
  • Civil registry office [Berlin-] Steglitz death certificate no. 1934/349 of July 19, 1934: Othmar Toifl (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, 3:30 a.m.; notarized on notification of the Berlin State Police Office)
  • Civil registry office [Berlin-] Tiergarten death certificate no. 1934/539 of August 8, 1934: Eugen von Kessel (official time and place of death: August 30 [recte June 30] 1934, 5.30 p.m. at Hildebrandstrasse 14; notarized on notification of the Secret State Police Office Berlin)
  • Civil registry office [Berlin-] Treptow death certificate no. 1934/123 dated July 12, 1934: Wilhelm Sander (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, 12:16 pm in the SS barracks in Lichterfelde; notarized upon notification from the Berlin State Police Office)
  • Civil registry office [Berlin-] Zehlendorf death certificate no. 1934/139 dated July 10, 1934: Georg von Detten (official time and place of death: July 2, 1934, 4 a.m. in the SS barracks in Lichterfelde; notarized on notification from the Berlin State Police Office )
  • Civil registry office Deutsch-Wilmersdorf Death certificate No. 1934/1011: Ferdinand von Bredow dated August 6, 1934 (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, 11.45 p.m.; notarized on notification from the Berlin State Police Office)
  • Civil registry office Deutsch-Wilmersdorf death certificate no. 1934/1017: Gregor Strasser

Wroclaw registry office :

  • Civil registry office Breslau death certificate no. 1934/728 of August 16, 1934: Karl Belding (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, three o'clock in the morning; notarized on notification of the state police station in Breslau with the note that ("the assistant commissioner and standartenführer" ) Belding "was found dead. The place, day and hour of death are unknown. The death was determined at the police headquarters in Wroclaw.")
  • Civil registry office Breslau Death certificate no. 1934/729 of August 16, 1934: Kurt Engelhardt (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, three o'clock in the morning; notarized on notification of the state police station in Breslau with the note that ("the deputy staff leader") Engelhardt "was found dead. The place, day and hour of death are unknown. The death was determined in the police headquarters in Breslau.")
  • Wroclaw registry office Death certificate no. 1934/730 of August 16, 1934: Karl Lipinski (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, three o'clock in the morning; notarized on notification from the Wroclaw state police station with the note that ("der Reiterstandartenführer") Lipinski "Was found dead. The place, day and hour of death are unknown. The death was determined in the police headquarters in Wroclaw.")
  • Civil registry office Breslau Death certificate no. 1934/731 of August 16, 1934: Reinhold Nixdorf (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, three o'clock in the morning; notarized on notification of the state police station in Breslau with the note that ("the Sturmbannführer") Nixdorf "Was found dead. The place, day and hour of death are unknown. The death was determined in the police headquarters in Wroclaw.")
  • Civil registry office Breslau Death certificate no. 1934/732 of August 16, 1934: Hans Ramshorn (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, three o'clock in the morning; notarized on notification of the state police station in Breslau with the note that ("the police chief and brigade leader" ) Ramshorn "was found dead. The place, day and hour of death are unknown. The death was determined at the police headquarters in Wroclaw.")
  • Civil registry office Breslau Death certificate no. 1934/733 of August 16, 1934: Otto Stucken (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, three o'clock in the morning; notarized on notification of the state police station in Breslau with the note that ("the brigade leader") Stucken "Was found dead. The place, day and hour of death are unknown. The death was determined in the police headquarters in Wroclaw.")
  • Civil registry office Breslau Death certificate no. 1934/734 of August 16, 1934: Eberhard von Wechmar (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, three o'clock in the morning; notarized on notification of the state police station in Breslau with the note that (“the painter and brigade leader ") Was found dead by Wechmar. The place, day and hour of death are unknown. The death was determined at the police headquarters in Breslau.")

Dresden registry office :

  • Civil registry office Dresden death certificate no. 1934/779 of July 24, 1934: Joachim Schroedter (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, four a.m. in Dresden-Neustadt; notarized on notification of the Dresden State Police Administration)
  • Civil registry office Dresden death certificate no.1934/780 of July 24, 1934: Lambertus Ostendorp (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, four o'clock in the morning in Dresden-Neustadt; notarized on notification of the Dresden State Police Administration)
  • Civil registry office Dresden death certificate no.1934/781 of July 24, 1934: Max Schuldt (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, four in the morning in Dresden-Neustadt; notarized on notification from the Dresden State Police Administration)
  • Civil registry office Dresden death certificate no. 1934/782 of July 24, 1934: Otto Piertzok (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, 4 a.m. in Dresden-Neustadt; notarized on notification of the Dresden State Police Administration)
  • Civil registry office Dresden death certificate no.1934/783 of July 24, 1934: Ernst Ewald Martin (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, four in the morning in Dresden-Neustadt; notarized on notification of the Dresden State Police Administration)

Munich registry office

  • Civil registry office Munich II Death certificate No. 1934/1128 dated July 4, 1934: Hans Hayn (official time and place of death: June 30, 1934, seven and a half a.m. at Stadelheimer Straße 12; notarized on notification from the management of the Munich penal institution of July 2, 1934 )
  • Civil registry office Munich II Death certificate No. 1934/1129 of July 4, 1934: Edmund Heines (official time and place of death: June 30, 1934, seven and a half a.m. at Stadelheimer Strasse 12; notarized on notification of the management of the Munich penal institution of July 2, 1934 )
  • Civil registry office Munich II Death certificate No. 1934/1130 of July 4, 1934: Peter von Heydebreck (official time and place of death: June 30, 1934, 7 and a half a.m. at Stadelheimer Strasse 12; notarized on notification from the management of the Munich penal institution on July 2 1934)
  • Civil registry office Munich II Death certificate no. 1934/1131 of July 4, 1934: Hans Erwin von Spreti-Weilbach (official time and place of death: June 30, 1934, seven and a half a.m. at Stadelheimer Strasse 12; notarized on notification of the management of the prison for execution in Munich from July 2, 1934)
  • Civil registry office Munich II Death certificate No. 1934/1132 dated July 4, 1934: Wilhelm Schmid (official time and place of death: June 30, 1934, seven and a half a.m. at Stadelheimer Strasse 12; notarized on notification of the management of the Munich prison for execution of July 2, 1934 )
  • Civil registry office Munich II Death certificate No. 1934/1133 of July 4, 1934: August Schneidhuber (official time and place of death: June 30, 1934, 7 and a half a.m. at Stadelheimer Straße 12; notarized on notification from the management of the Munich penal institution of July 2, 1934 )
  • Civil registry office Munich II Death certificate No. 1934/1134 of July 4, 1934: Ernst Röhm (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, 7 and a half a.m. at Stadelheimer Strasse 12; notarized on notification from the management of the Munich prison for execution of July 2, 1934 )
  • Munich registry office Death certificate no. 1934/2032 of October 24, 1934: Edgar Jung (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, three and a half in the morning, “The place of death is unknown”)

Civil registry office Leuthen:

  • Civil registry office Leuthen death certificate 1934/15: Oskar Heines

Registry office Neubabelsberg:

  • Civil registry office Neubabelsberg death certificate no. 1934/8: Kurt von Schleicher (official time and place of death: June 30, 1934 in Neubabelsberg)

Nowawes registry office:

  • Civil registry office Nowawes death certificate no. 1934/169 of July 2, 1934: Elisabeth von Schleicher (official time and place of death: June 30, 1934, twenty minutes after one o'clock [= 1.20 pm] in "Nowawes on the transport from Neubabelsberg to the hospital Neuwawes "; notarized on display of the police president in Potsdam)

Registry office Plauen :

  • Civil registry office Plauen death certificate 1934/737: Friedrich Karl Lämmermann (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, three and a half in the morning)

Registry office Pretin :

  • Registry office Prettin an der Elbe Death certificate no. 1934/45: Max Schulze

Prittlbach registry office :

  • Civil registry office Prittlbach death certificate No. 1934/10 of July 3, 1934: Adam Hereth (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, around eleven o'clock in the Dachau concentration camp, Prittlbach plant; notarized on notification of the Dachau District Court of July 3, 1934)
  • Civil registry office Prittlbach death certificate no. 1934/11 of July 5, 1934: Wilhelm Eduard Schmid (official time and place of death: June 30, 1934, 6:00 p.m. [later changed to 8:00 p.m. by order of the Dachau District Court of August 23, 1934] in the concentration camp Dachau, municipality of Prittlbach; notarized on notification of the Dachau district office from July 5, 1934)
  • Civil registry office Prittlbach death certificate no. 1934/13 of July 27, 1934: Fritz Beck (official time and place of death: June 30, 1934, ten o'clock in the Prittlbach community, Dachau plant; notarized on notification of the Bavarian Political Police on July 25 1934)
  • Civil registry office Prittlbach death certificate no. 1934/14 of July 27, 1934: Karl Zehnter (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, three o'clock in the Prittlbach community, Dachau plant; notarized on notification of the Bavarian Political Police on July 25 1934)
  • Civil registry office Prittlbach death certificate no. 1934/15 of July 27, 1934: Otto Ballerstedt (official time and place of death: June 30, 1934, 7:00 p.m. [changed to "7:30 p.m." by order of the Dachau District Court of October 18, 1934] in the municipality of Prittlbach, Dachau plant; notarized on notification of the Bavarian Political Police from July 25, 1934)
  • Civil registry office Prittlbach death certificate no. 1934/16 of July 27, 1934: Alexander Glaser (official time and place of death: June 30, 1934, eight o'clock [realiter on July 5, 1934] in the Prittlbach community, Dachau plant [realiter in Munich] ; notarized on notification of the Bavarian Political Police from July 25, 1934)
  • Civil registry office Prittlbach death certificate no. 1934/17 of July 27, 1934: Fritz Gerlich (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, ten o'clock [in the morning hours of July 1] in the municipality of Prittlbach, Dachau plant; notarized Communication from the Bavarian Political Police from July 25, 1934)
  • Civil registry office Prittlbach death certificate no. 1934/18 from July 27, 1934: Ernestine Zoref (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, two o'clock in the Prittlbach community, Dachau plant; notarized on notification of the Bavarian Political Police of July 25, 1934 )
  • Civil registry office Prittlbach death certificate no. 1934/19 of July 27, 1934: Julius Uhl (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934: 3:00 a.m. [in the morning hours of July 2] in the Prittlbach community, Dachau plant; Communication from the Bavarian Political Police from July 25, 1934)
  • Civil registry office Prittlbach death certificate no. 1934/20 of July 27, 1934: Heinrich Johann König (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, three o'clock [in the morning hours of July 2] in the Prittlbach community, Dachau plant; notarized on notification of the Bavarian Political Police from July 25, 1934)
  • Civil registry office Prittlbach death certificate no. 1934/21 of July 27, 1934: Martin Schätzl (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934: 4:00 am [in the morning hours of July 2] in the municipality of Prittlbach, Dachau plant; notarized on Communication from the Bavarian Political Police from July 25, 1934)
  • Civil registry office Prittlbach death certificate No. 1934/22 of July 27, 1934: Johann Schweighart (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, four o'clock in the municipality of Prittlbach, Dachau plant; notarized on notification of the Bavarian Political Police of July 25, 1934 )
  • Civil registry office Prittlbach death certificate no. 1934/23 from July 27, 1934: Edmund Paul Neumayer (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, five o'clock in the Prittlbach community, Dachau plant; notarized on notification of the Bavarian Political Police on July 25 1934)
  • Civil registry office Prittlbach death certificate no. 1934/24 of July 27, 1934: Paul Röhrbein (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, three o'clock; notarized on notification of the Bavarian Political Police of July 25, 1934)
  • Civil registry office Prittlbach death certificate no. 1934/25 from July 27, 1934: Max Vogel (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, three o'clock in the Prittlbach community, Dachau plant; notarized on notification of the Bavarian Political Police of July 25, 1934 )
  • Civil registry office Prittlbach death certificate no. 1934/26 of July 27, 1934: Erich Schieweck [recte: Schiewek] (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, three o'clock in the municipality of Prittlbach, Dachau plant; notarized on notification of the Bavarian Political Police of July 25, 1934)
  • Civil registry office Prittlbach death certificate no. 1934/27 of July 27, 1934: Bernhard Rudolf Stempfle (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, 9 a.m. in the Prittlbach community, Dachau plant; notarized on communication from the Bavarian Political Police on July 25 1934)
  • Civil registry office Prittlbach Death certificate No. 1934/28 of July 27, 1934: Gustav von Kahr (official time and place of death: June 30, 1934, 2 p.m. in the Prittlbach community, Dachau plant; notarized on notification of the Bavarian Political Police on July 25 1934)
  • Civil registry office Prittlbach death certificate No. 1934/30 of August 8, 1934: Erich Gans (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, 4 p.m. in the Prittlbach community, Dachau plant; notarized on notification of the Bavarian Political Police of August 7, 1934 )
  • Civil registry office Prittlbach death certificate No. 1934/31 of August 8, 1934: Walter Häbich (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, 4 p.m. in the Prittlbach community, Dachau plant; notarized on notification of the Bavarian Political Police of August 7, 1934 )
  • Civil registry office Prittlbach death certificate No. 1934/32 of August 8, 1934: Julius Adler (official time and place of death: July 1, 1934, 4 p.m. in the Prittlbach community, Dachau plant; notarized on notification of the Bavarian Political Police of August 7, 1934 )

Registry office Szczecin :

  • Registry office Stettin Death certificate no.1934/945 of July 14, 1934: Walter Schulz (SA member) (official time and place of death: July 2, 1934, three quarters in the morning, Stettin Falkenwalder Strasse; notarized on notification from the State Police in Stettin)

Certificates of Death:

  • Certificate of death for Erich Lindemann from August 13, 1934

Basis of the list

The basis of the list is a list of the people who died in the course of the purge, which the Gestapo compiled at the beginning of July 1934 on the instructions of Adolf Hitler - here called the official list - who requested it as the basis for his Reichstag speech of July 13, 1934, in the he justified the killings. These and other lists remained secret during the Third Reich. A copy can be found in the appendix to Heinrich Bennecke's book Reichswehr und SA (1961) and in the appendix to Heinz Höhne's book Mordsache Röhm (1984). The list originally consisted of seventy-seven people killed - the same number that Hitler mentioned in his speech in the Reichstag - and six other names were later added to it. In his Reichstag speech, Hitler had spread a lie about the number of people killed.

In his Reichstag speech, Hitler named only eleven people killed: Ferdinand von Bredow, Georg von Detten, Karl Ernst, Hans Hayn, Edmund Heines, Hans Peter von Heydebreck, Ernst Röhm, Kurt von Schleicher, Hans Walter Schmidt, Gregor Strasser and Julius Uhl. He only mentioned the remaining sixty-six people in an anonymized classification of the dead into subject groups, which also included the eleven already mentioned:

“The atonement for these crimes was severe and severe: 19 senior SA leaders, 31 SA leaders and members of the SA were shot, as well as three SS leaders who were involved in the plot. 13 SA leaders and civilians who tried to resist the arrest lost their lives. Three more ended in suicide. Five non-SA members but party members were shot for involvement. Finally three SS members were shot who were guilty of shameful mistreatment of prisoners in prison. "

Several more people killed could later be identified from historical research.

Classification approaches in research

In research, the victims of the cleansing campaign are repeatedly divided into different victim groups. Frequently chosen groups are:

  • I. The higher SA leaders and their personal environment (e.g. Karl Ernst and Ernst Röhm and their adjutants, staff leaders and chauffeurs)
  • II. Conservative opponents of the Nazi government (e.g. Herbert von Bose and Edgar Jung)
  • III. People from the field of political Catholicism (e.g. Erich Klausener and Adalbert Probst)
  • IV. Former political opponents or competitors of higher Nazi leaders (e.g. Gustav von Kahr and Kurt von Schleicher)
  • V. Former, current or potential future personal competitors of Nazi leaders from their own ranks who did not belong to the SA, as well as their personal environment (e.g. Gregor Strasser and his lawyer Alexander Glaser)
  • VI. Otherwise like unpleasant people,
    • People who knew too much and should disappear as inconvenient carriers of secrets (e.g. Karl Ernst, Eugen von Kessel or Ernestine Zoref)
    • Private opponents of higher NS leaders in non-political areas (e.g. Bernhard Stempfle)
    • Subordinate Nazi functionaries who were negative in higher positions (e.g. the SS man Joachim Hoffmann, the detective Karl Belding or the spy Othmar Toifl)
    • Ideological opponents of the lower level (e.g. communist or social democratic concentration camp prisoners such as Adam Hereth or Walter Häbich)
    • Jews (e.g. Erich Lindemann in Glogischdorf or the four Hirschberg Jews)
  • VII. Victims of private feuds of the personnel carrying out the murders who were also eliminated without permission from above on the occasion of the opportunity (e.g. Kuno Kamphausen)
  • VIII. People who fell victim to mix-ups, accidents or arbitrary actions (e.g. Wilhelm Eduard Schmid)

It is not always clear to which group a particular person can be assigned. Some people can also be assigned to several groups.

Julius Adler
Fritz Beck
Karl Belding
Veit Ulrich von Beulwitz
Franz Bläsner
Herbert von Bose
Ferdinand von Bredow
Georg von Detten
Kurt Engelhardt
Karl Ernst
Hans-Joachim von Falkenhausen
Fritz Gerlich
Daniel Gerth
Alexander Glaser
Walter Häbich
Hans Hayn
Edmund Heines
Adam Hereth
Hans Adam von Heydebreck
Joachim Hoffmann
Edgar Julius Jung
Gustav Ritter von Kahr
Kuno Kamphausen
Erich Klausener
Hans-Karl Koch
Johann Heinrich King
Fritz von Kraußer
Friedrich Karl Lämmermann
Hermann Mattheiß
Edmund Paul Neumayer
Otto Pietrzok
Fritz Pleines
Adalbert Probst
Hans Ramshorn
Ernst Röhm
Wilhelm Sander
Martin Schätzl
Kurt von Schleicher
Wilhelm Schmid
Wilhelm Eduard Schmid
August Schneidhuber
Konrad Schragmüller
Joachim Schroedter
Max Schuldt
Hans Schweighart
Emil Sembach
Hans Erwin from Spreti-Weilbach
Bernhard Stempfle
Gregor Strasser
Othmar Toifl
Julius Uhl
Erwin Villain

List of people killed in the course of the Röhm putsch

Surname Position / function Last home address Date and place of birth Date and place of death Entry on the official death list of the Secret State Police Office?
Julius Adler Lawyer in Würzburg, Jew Wurzburg September 29, 1882 in Würzburg July 1, 1934 in Dachau concentration camp No
Otto Ballerstedt Graduate engineer, former leader of the Bavarian Association Munich, Bauerstraße 10/3 April 1, 1887 in Munich July 1, 1934 in the Gündinger Forest near Neuhimmelreich Yes
Fritz Beck Director of the Munich Student Union Munich Luisenstrasse 67/4, 1st staircase July 14, 1889 in Landsberg am Lech July 1, 1934 in the Gündinger Forest near Dachau Yes
Karl Belding SA-Führer (SA-Standartenführer), criminal employee, accused of participating in the Schorfheide assassination attempt on Heinrich Himmler Berlin-Spandau, Spekteweg 30 (according to the death certificate, resident: Zeppelinstr. 47) / Breslau April 12, 1897 in Fahrenbach July 1, 1934 in a wooded area near Obernigk and Breslau-Deutsch-Lissa Yes
Veit Ulrich von Beulwitz SA member (SA Obertruppführer), press officer / staff leader in the press office of the highest SA leadership Berlin-Spandau, Franzstrasse 30 July 17, 1899 in Stolzenberg July 1, 1934 in Berlin-Lichterfelde, SS barracks Lichterfelde Yes
Alois Bittmann Schneider, SA member (SA squad leader) Leobschütz, Bahnstrasse 3 October 17, 1914 in Baditz July 1, 1934 in Leobschütz Yes
Franz Bläsner Roofer, SA member (SA troop leader) Tilsit July 31, 1899 in Schillelwethen July 1, 1934 at Tilsit Yes
Herbert von Bose Former officer (retired captain), newsman and civil servant (senior government councilor), press officer in the vice-chancellor's office Berlin-Lichterfelder, Neuchateller Strasse 8 March 16, 1893 in Strasbourg June 30, 1934 (officially 1.30 p.m.) in Berlin, Vossstrasse 1 (office of the Deputy Chancellor) Yes
Ferdinand von Bredow Officer a. D. (retired major general), former head of the defense department of the Reichswehr Ministry (1929–1933) and former head of the ministerial office in the Reichswehr Ministry (1932–1933) Berlin-Wilmersdorf, Spichernstrasse 15 May 16, 1884 in Neuruppin July 1, 1934 in Berlin Yes
[Kurt] Charig Merchant, Jew Hirschberg April 23, 1884 in Hirschberg July 1, 1934 near Hirschberg Yes
Georg von Detten Officer (Rittmeister retired), SA leader (SA group leader), head of the political office of the highest SA leadership, member of the Prussian State Council, member of the Reichstag Berlin-Zehlendorf, Georgenstrasse 21/23 September 9, 1887 in Hagen, Westphalia July 2, 1934 (officially 4:00 a.m.) in Berlin-Lichterfelde, SS-Kaserne Lichterfelde Yes
Herbert Ender

(erroneously referred to as "Ender schools" on the official death list)

Head of the SA Motorsport School in Kroischwitz Schweidnitz August 20, 1903 in Liegnitz July 1, 1934 in Schweidnitz, Neumühlwerk Yes
Kurt Engelhardt SA member (SA Sturmbannführer) Breslau, Kronprinzenstraße 64 / Augustastraße 131 May 1, 1891 in Brzostkow July 1, 1934 in a wooded area near Obernigk and Breslau-Deutsch-Lissa Yes
Ludwig Werner Engels Lawyer and business graduate, SA-Führer (SA-Obersturmbannführer), syndic of the NSDAP-Gaupresse in Silesia, state official (Upper Government Council), Deputy Police President of Wroclaw Breslau, Eichbornstrasse 3 August 30, 1901 in Haus Landscheid near Burscheid July 2, 1934 in a field near Groß Heidau Yes
Karl Ernst Kaufmann, SA leader (SA group leader), leader of the SA group Berlin-Brandenburg and the SA upper group xy Berlin-Dahlem, Podbielskiallee 83 September 1, 1904 in Wilmersdorf June 30, 1934 (officially 9:37 p.m.) in Berlin-Lichterfelde, SS-Kaserne Lichterfelde Yes
Hans-Joachim von Falkenhausen Officer a. D., SA leader (SA Oberführer) Berlin [?] October 5, 1897 in Brzeg July 2, 1934 in Berlin, SS barracks Lichterfelde Yes
Gustav Fink SS member, former member of the guards at the Bredow concentration camp in Stettin Szczecin September 24, 1903 in Kollin June 30, 1934 in Berlin-Lichterfelde, SS barracks Lichterfelde Yes
Walter Foerster Lawyer, Jew Hirschberg November 4, 1896 in Gliwice July 1, 1934 near Hirschberg Yes
Erich goose Worker (warehouse clerk), authorized signatory, member of the KPD and the Red Aid, protective prisoner in the Dachau concentration camp Nuremberg, Dürrenhofstrasse 47 May 5, 1908 in Nuremberg July 1, 1934 in Dachau concentration camp No
Fritz Gerlich Archives councilor, publicist Munich, Richard-Wagner-Strasse 27/1 February 15, 1883 in Stettin July 1, 1934 in the Dachau concentration camp (shooting range) Yes
Daniel Gerth Officer a. D. (First Lieutenant retired), SA leader, 1st adjutant of the leader of the SA group Berlin-Brandenburg (Karl Ernst) Berlin .... February 10, 1891 July 1 or 2, 1934 (officially July 2, 1934, 2.15 a.m.) in Berlin-Lichterfelde, SS-Kaserne Lichterfelde Yes
Alexander Glaser Lawyer, former head of staff of the Reich organizational head of the NSDAP (Gregor Strasser), former member of the Bavarian state parliament Munich, Amalienstraße 2/0 July 1, 1884 in Munich July 5, 1934 in Munich Yes
Walter Häbich Communist, editor of the Neue Zeitung ... October 15, 1904 in Botnang near Stuttgart July 1, 1934 in Dachau concentration camp No
Hans Hayn Kaufmann, SA-Führer (SA-Gruppenführer), leader of the SA-Gruppe Sachsen, member of the Reichstag Dresden ... August 7, 1896 in Liegnitz June 30, 1934 in Munich, Stadelheim prison Yes
Edmund Heines Officer a. D., Freikorps member and businessman, SA leader (SA-Obergruppenführer), leader of Obergruppe VIII (Group Silesia), at the same time entrusted with the management of the group command center Central Silesia, location Breslau, member of the Prussian State Council, member of the Reichstag Breslau, Salvatorplatz 7 July 21, 1897 in Munich June 30, 1934 in Munich, Stadelheim prison Yes
Oskar Heines Kaufmann, member of the SA (SA-Obersturmbannführer), since May 15, 1934 ( see Fuehrer's order no. 25 ) adjutant to the leader of SA Brigade 19 (Central Silesia North), Breslau location, brother of Edmund Heines Wroclaw February 3, 1903 in Munich July 2, 1934 in a field near Groß Heidau Yes
Adam Hereth Worker (cement worker), social democrat, prisoner in the Dachau concentration camp Laineck January 16, 1897 in Harsdorf near Bayreuth July 1, 1934 in Dachau concentration camp No
Peter von Heydebreck Former officer, former Freikorpsführer, SA-Führer (SA-Brigadführer), leader of the SA-Group Pomerania, location Szczecin; Member of the Reichstag Stettin, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Strasse 8 July 1, 1889 in Köslin June 30, 1934 in Munich, Stadelheim prison
Joachim Hoffmann Lawyer, SS-Führer (SS-Sturmführer), detective, former head of the Gestapo office in Stettin Szczecin, Arndtstrasse 13 May 28, 1905 in Kreckow, Stettin June 30, 1934 (officially 8:00 p.m.), Berlin-Lichterfelde, SS-Kaserne Lichterfelde Yes
Anton von Hohberg and Buchwald Manor owner, SS leader (SS Obertruppführer) Manor in Dulzen near Preussisch-Eylau September 21, 1885 in Wismar July 2, 1934 manor in Dulzen near Preussisch-Eylau Yes
Edgar Jung Lawyer, writer, speechwriter for Franz von Papen Munich, Habsburger Strasse 10/3; Berlin, Paulsborner Strasse 79 March 6, 1894 in Ludwigshafen July 1, 1934 outside Berlin Yes
Gustav von Kahr Lawyer and administrative officer, former Prime Minister (1920–1921) and State Commissioner General (1923–1924) of Bavaria and President of the Bavarian Administrative Court (1924–1930) Munich, Mühlbaurst. 8/4 November 29, 1862 in Weissenburg June 30, 1934 in the Dachau concentration camp (bunker) Yes
Kuno Kamphausen Architect and town planning officer in Waldenburg Waldenburg November 27, 1900 in Krefeld June 30, 1934 in Waldenburg No
Eugen von Kessel Officer a. D. (captain a. D.), police officer a. D., news man, operator of a private news bureau Berlin-Tiergarten, Hildebrandstrasse 14 October 29, 1890 in Frankfurt am Main June 30, 1934 (officially at 5.30 p.m.) in Berlin-Tiergarten, Hildebrandstrasse 14 Yes
Erich Klausener Lawyer and state official (Ministerialdirektor), former head of the police department in the Prussian Ministry of the Interior, head of the shipping department in the Reich Ministry of Transport, leader of the Catholic Action Berlin, Lutherstrasse 47 January 25, 1885 in Düsseldorf June 30, 1934 in Berlin, Wilhelmstrasse 80 (Reich Ministry of Transport) Yes
Willi Klemm Merchant, car driving school teacher, SA leader (SA Brigadführer), former leader of the Gausturm Silesia, motor vehicle inspector of SA upper group II, motor vehicle inspector of SA upper group III Breslau, Liegnitzer Stra0e 22 March 9, 1892 in Aken July 2, 1934 (officially 3.15 a.m.) in Berlin-Lichterfelde, SS-Kaserne Lichterfelde Yes
Hans-Karl Koch Graduate farmer, SA-Führer (SA-Brigadführer), leader of the SA-Gruppe Westmark Koblenz, Standartenstrasse 11 October 14, 1897 in Potsdam July 1, 1934 in Berlin-Lichterfelde, SS barracks Lichterfelde Yes
Heinrich Johann King SA-Führer (SA-Oberscharführer), driver of Ernst Röhm Munich 1897 July 2, 1934 in the Dachau concentration camp Yes
Ewald Köppel Miner, communist Landeshut Bahnhofstrasse 21 February 5, 1905 in Landeshut July 1, 1934 Landeshut, prison Yes
[Kurd] Krause Officer a. D. (First lieutenant retired), SA leader (SA standard leader?) Berlin Schöneberg, Hauptstrasse 124 May 14, 1897 in Magdeburg July 1, 1934 (officially at 1.00 a.m.), Berlin-Lichterfelde, SS-Kaserne Lichterfelde yes (in the official list only listed with last name, first name missing)
Fritz von Kraußer Kaufmann, SA-Führer (SA-Obergruppenführer), head of the leadership office of OSAF, member of the Reichstag Munich, Parzival Str. 45/1 Äußere Prinz-Regentenstrasse 17 April 29, 1888 in Nuremberg July 2, 1934 (officially 3:00 a.m.), Berlin-Lichterfelde, SS-Kaserne Lichterfelde Yes
Karl Lämmermann Hitler Youth Leader in Plauen, Hitler Youth Bann 134 Plauen, Tischendorfstrasse 13 1914 in Buenos Aires July 1, 1934 in Plauen Yes
Gotthard Langer SA member (SA Obertruppführer) Leobschütz December 1, 1914 July 1, 1934 in Leobschütz Yes
Erich Lindemann Pulmonologist, head of a private sanatorium in Glogischdorf, Jew, head of the Reich Association of Jewish Front Soldiers in Glogau Glogischdorf October 4, 1894 in Eberswalde July 1, 1934 in a forest clearing near his sanatorium in Glogischdorf near Glogau Yes
Karl Lipinski Kaufmann, SA-Führer (SA-Hauptsturmführer), leader of the SA-Reiterstandarte in Militsch Breslau, Kronprinzenstrasse 54 May 29, 1896 in Goslau, Kreuzburg July 1, 1934 in a wooded area near Obernigk and Breslau-Deutsch-Lissa Yes
Ernst Ewald Martin Private detective, head of the intelligence service of the Gauleitung Sachsen, Dresden, Marschallstrasse 34 January 19, 1900 in Dresden July 1, 1934 in Dresden Yes
Hermann Mattheiß Official (Oberregierungsrat), Former Chief of the Political Police in Württemberg (Württemberg State Police) Stuttgart, Bopserwaldstrasse 20/1 July 18, 1893 in Ludwigstal July 1, 1934 SS barracks in Ellwangen Yes
Walter von Mohrenschildt Graduate colonial farmer, SA leader, 2nd adjutant of the leader of the SA group Berlin (Karl Ernst) Berlin, Tiergartenstrasse 4 June 6, 1910 in Dresden July 1, 1934 (officially 7.15 p.m.), Berlin-Lichterfelde, SS-Kaserne Lichterfelde Yes
Kurt Mosert SA leader (SA standard leader) Torgau March 1907 in Wittenberg July 2, 1934 in the Lichtenburg concentration camp No
Edmund Paul Neumayer Hairdresser (beard trimmer), SA member (SA Rottenführer) Munich August 8, 1908 in Munich July 1, 1934 in Dachau concentration camp Yes
Reinhold Nixdorf SA-Führer (SA-Sturmhauptführer), member of the staff of SA-Obergruppe VIII Breslau, Charlottenstrasse 11 October 19, 1890 in Breslau July 1, 1934 in a wooded area near Obernigk and Breslau-Deutsch-Lissa Yes
Moritz Oppenheimer Merchant, Jew 1879 July 2, 1934 in Giessen No
Lamberdus Ostendorp SA-Führer (SA-Obersturmführer), Feldjäger -teilung Dresden Dresden, Feldjäger accommodation May 20, 1903 in Collinghorst July 1, 1934 in Dresden Yes
Otto Pietrzok SA-Führer (SA-Sturmführer), member of the staff of the SA-Gruppe Sachsen, driver of the Führer of the SA-Gruppe Sachsen (Hans Hayn) Dresden, Ferdinandplatz 1 December 13, 1908 in Waldenburg July 1, 1934 in Dresden Yes
Fritz Pleines SS member, former security guard in the Bredow concentration camp in Stettin Szczecin ... July 6, 1906 in Stolp June 30, 1934 in Berlin-Lichterfelde, SS barracks Lichterfelde Yes
Adalbert Probst Reichsführer of the German Youth Force (DJK) Düsseldorf, Moltkestrasse 6 July 27, 1900 in Regensburg around July 1, 1934, unknown location (allegedly on the way to Lichtenburg concentration camp) Yes
Hans Ramshorn Officer a. D., police officer ret. D., SA Brigadefuhrer / with effect from April 14, 1934 charged with the management of the Upper Silesia Group Command, Gleiwitz location of Upper Group VIII (Silesia Group), Police President of Gleiwitz, member of the Reichstag Gleiwitz, Police Headquarters March 17, 1892 in Mittelwalde / Habelschwerdt district July 1, 1934 in a wooded area near Obernigk and Breslau-Deutsch-Lissa Yes
Robert Reh Worker (stoker), communist State hat, market 8 November 28, 1904 in Samter July 1, 1934 in Landeshut, prison Yes
Ernst Röhm Officer a. D. (retired German captain, retired Bolivian colonel), SA leader (SA chief of staff) Munich, Prinzregenstenplatz 7/1 1887 July 1, 1934 in Munich, Stadelheim prison (cell 474) Yes
Paul Röhrbein Officer a. D. (Captain retired), former paramilitary activist (leader of the Frontbanns Nord) Berlin, Sesenheimer Strasse 37 November 27, 1890 in Berlin-Charlottenburg July 1, 1934 in the Dachau concentration camp (shooting range) Yes
Wilhelm Sander Officer a. D., police officer ret. D. (Police major a. D.), SA leader (SA Brigadführer), staff leader of the SA group Berlin-Brandenburg Berlin June 14, 1895 in Aurich July 1, 1934 (officially 12.16 p.m.), Berlin-Lichterfelde, SS-Kaserne Lichterfelde Yes
Martin Schätzl Painter, former SS member (SS-Scharführer), SA member (SA troop leader), adjutant / secretary of the SA chief of staff Munich, Adalbertstrasse 19/4 March 13, 1909 in Munich July 2, 1934 in Dachau concentration camp Yes
Erich Schiewek SA member (SA-Obertruppführer), member of an SA relief organization camp near Breslau, companion ("Putzer") of the leader of the SA-Obergruppe x (Edmund Heines) on his trip to Bad Wiessee Breslau, SA relief agency camp August 10, 1913 in Breslau July 1, 1934 in Dachau concentration camp Yes
Elisabeth von Schleicher Wife of Kurt von Schleicher Neubabelsberg, Griebnitzstrasse 4 November 18, 1893 in Potsdam June 30, 1934 in Neubabelsberg, Nowawes Hospital Yes
Kurt von Schleicher Officer (retired general), retired Reichswehr Minister D., Reich Chancellor a. D. Neubabelsberg, Griebnitzstrasse 4 April 7, 1882 in Brandenburg an der Havel June 30, 1934 in Neubabelsberg, Griebnitzstraße 4 (study of his villa) Yes
Wilhelm Schmid Officer a. D. (Captain a. D.), SA leader) SA group leader), former leader of Division II (personnel department) of the Supreme SA leadership, leader of the SA group Hochland, member of the Reichstag Munich, Mainzer Strasse 7/1 June 3, 1889 in Munich June 30, 1934 in Munich, Stadelheim prison Yes
Wilhelm Eduard Schmid Music critic, shot because of mistaken identity Munich, Schackstrasse 3 April 12, 1893 in Weilheim June 30, 1934 in Dachau concentration camp No
Hans Walter Schmidt Commercial clerk, SA leader (SA standard leader), adjutant of the leader of the SA group Silesia (Edmund Heines) Breslau, Herdain Strasse 12/21 [?] April 19, 1912 in Breslau July 2, 1934 (officially 0.45 a.m.), Berlin-Lichterfelde, SS-Kaserne Lichterfelde Yes
August Schneidhuber Officer a. D. (Major retired), farmer, SA-Führer (SA-Obergruppenführer), leader of the SA-Obergruppe xy, Police President of Munich, member of the Reichstag Munich, Ettstrasse 4/1 1887 in Traunstein June 30, 1934 in Munich, Stadelheim prison Yes
Konrad Schragmüller Graduate farmer, SA-Führer (SA-Gruppenführer), Police President of Magdeburg, member of the Reichstag Magdeburg, Kaiser-Otto-Ring 8 March 11, 1895 in Megede, Dortmund district July 2, 1934 (officially: 1.30 a.m.), Berlin-Lichterfelde, SS-Kaserne Lichterfelde Yes
Joachim Schroedter Dentist, SA leader (SA Oberführer), leader of the SA Brigade 33 (Dresden) and at the same time site leader of the SA for the Dresden site Dresden, Stübelallee 77 April 2, 1897 in Breslau July 1, 1934 in Dresden Yes
Max Schuldt SA leader (SA standard leader) Chemnitz, Fritz-Reuter-Strasse 2 May 3, 1903 in Neukirchen July 1, 1934 in Dresden Yes
Walter Schulz Officer (first lieutenant retired), former Freikorpsführer, SA leader (SA-Obersturmbannführer), staff leader of the SA group Pomerania Szczecin September 2, 1897 in Kolberg July 2, 1934 in Stettin Yes
Max Schulze SA-Führer (SA-Oberführer), councilor of the city of Magdeburg Magdeburg October 21, 1900 in Gaildorf July 2, 1934 in the Lichtenburg concentration camp Yes
Hans Schweighart SA-Führer (SA-Standartenführer), adjutant on the staff of the Supreme SA leadership Munich, Rosenbuschstrasse 5/1 July 12, 1894 in Allach near Munich July 1, 1934 in Dachau concentration camp Yes
Emil Sembach Kaufmann, former SS-Führer (SS-Oberführer), member of the Reichstag Brieg, Grüner Weg 1 March 2, 1891 in the Stifting forester's house near Greinburg / Lower Austria July 1, 1934 in the Giant Mountains Yes
Hans Erwin Graf von Spreti-Weilbach , Farmer, SA-Führer (SA-Standartenführer), Adjutant of the Chief of Staff of the SA (Ernst Röhm) Munich and Weilbach Castle September 24, 1908 in Karlsruhe June 30, 1934 in Munich, Stadelheim prison Yes
Bernhard Stempfle Former Hieronymite partner, publicist, employee in the archive of the Reich leadership of the NSDAP Munich, Cherubinistraße 2/0 April 17, 1882 in Munich July 1, 1934 Yes
Gregor Strasser Pharmacist, former leading politician of the NSDAP ("Reichsorganisationsleiter", ie de facto general secretary of the party), director of the pharmaceutical company Schering-Kahlbaum Berlin-Wilmersdorf, Brienner Strasse 12 May 31, 1892 in Geisenfeld June 30, 1934 in Berlin, Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse (Secret State Police Office) Yes
Otto Stucken SA member (mWv July 7, 1933 SA Oberführer), since March 1, 1933 leader of SA Standard 62 (Cosel) and also with effect from April 14, 1934 with the leadership of Brigade 119 (Upper Silesia South), location Cosel commissioned Cosel, Upper Silesia December 13, 1896 in Einbeck July 1, 1934 in a wooded area near Obernigk and Breslau-Deutsch-Lissa Yes
Othmar Toifl Newsman in the service of Kurt Daluege , member of the SS (SS troop leader), guard troop leader in the Columbiahaus concentration camp, detective at the secret state police office Berlin-Steglitz, Körnerstrasse 44 July 16, 1898 in Herzogenburg, Austria July 1, 1934 in Berlin-Grunewald, Herthastraße Yes
Julius Uhl SA-Führer (SA-Standartenführer), former leader of the staff guard of the upper SA leadership Munich and Ingolstadt March 3, 1903 in Böbing July 2, 1934 in Dachau concentration camp Yes
Erwin Villain SA standard leader, standard doctor Berlin-Koepenick, Bahnstrasse 131 November 3, 1898 in Berlin-Koepenick July 1, 1934 (officially 12 noon) in Berlin-Lichterfelde, SS-Kaserne Lichterfelde Yes
Max Vogel SA-Führer (SA-Obersturmführer), Ernst Röhm's chauffeur Munich July 18, 1908 in Munich July 1, 1934 in Dachau concentration camp
Gerd Voss Jurist (court assessor), leader of the lectureship of the law faculty of the Berlin University, SA leader (SA storm leader), legal advisor of the SA group Berlin-Brandenburg Berlin, Fraunhoferstraße 27 September 27, 1907 in Itzehoe 1./2. July 1934 in Berlin-Lichterfelde, SS-Kaserne Lichterfelde Yes
Eberhard Carl Freiherr von Wechmar SA-Führer (SA-Brigadführer), with effect from April 14, 1934 (see Führer order No. 25) with the management of the group command post Lower Silesia of Upper Group VIII (Group Silesia), location Liegnitz and at the same time with the command of the SA-Brigade 120 (Lower Silesia North), Glogau site commissioned Liegnitz, Hotel Berghof; (according to death certificate resident: Schönwaldau, district Goldberg) July 12, 1897 in Frankfurt am Main July 1, 1934 in a wooded area near Obernigk and Breslau-Deutsch-Lissa Yes
Karl Zehnter Innkeeper (host of the Nürnberger Bratwurstglöckl restaurant ), friend of Ernst Röhm Munich, Frauenplatz 9/0 and 1 March 27, 1900 in Munich 1934 Road from Dachau to Augsburg near Lengermoos Yes
Ernestine Zoref Housekeeper, partner of the writer Paul Edmund von Hahn Munich, Pariser Strasse 33 May 23, 1896 in Vienna July 1, 1934 Dachau concentration camp Yes
Alexander branch Doctor, medical writer, Jew Hirschberg, Bad Warmbrunn, Hornstrasse 8 June 11, 1881 in Oels July 1, 1934 near Hirschberg Yes
Jeanette branch Wife of Alexander Zweig Hirschberg, Bad Warmbrunn, Hornstrasse 8 1877/1878 July 1, 1934 near Hirschberg Yes

Alternative death lists

Shortly after the events of the Röhm Putsch, various other death lists were published in the non-German press and in publications by political opponents of the National Socialists who had emigrated. In addition to the narrower purpose of finding out the exact number and identity of the people murdered in the course of the Nazi government's purge in June and July 1934, these publications were mostly based on an educational and warning objective: on the one hand, the international public should be informed about the facts Extent of the atrocities committed by the Nazi rulers during the Röhm affair and, secondly, about the brutality and willingness to murder these rulers demonstrated by these atrocities. It was more or less explicitly linked to the fact that people who commit such acts in their own country would, if the opportunity arose - once they had the means to do so - do so abroad too, and that it would therefore be wise to to have no illusions about the “true character” of the German regime. Following on from this, it was often demanded to arm oneself in the event of a dispute with the "murderer gang" ruling in the German Reich or to put an end to it by force in good time.

Due to the ideological opposition on which most of the published death lists were based, these were often strongly propagandistic in color, which was reflected in particular in the indication of - intentionally or unintentionally - greatly inflated numbers of victims, some of which went into the thousands, which is good corresponds to a tenfold increase in the number of victims assumed today. Accordingly, for many of the people reported as murdered by non-German journalists in the first years after the Röhm Putsch, the contemporary press and later research could prove this as false reports.

"Otto Strasser List"

Otto Strasser , the leader of the Black Front and brother of Gregor Strasser who was murdered on June 30th in the cellar of the Secret State Police Office, published a detailed list of the dead in his book Die Deutsche Bartholomäusnacht in 1934/1935 .

White paper list

The white book on the shootings of June 30, 1934 , published in Paris in 1934 by exiled communist circles around Willi Munzenberg , went public in autumn 1934 with the assertion that it had certain evidence that more than 1,000 people were killed during the Röhm affair of which it could only name 113 by name. Here, too, it is unclear to what extent the people wrongly indicated as murdered were on the list of deaths due to errors (i.e. the subjectively honest assumption of the Weissbuch editorial team as a result of reports from Germany that they had been killed) or whether they were deliberate falsifications (i.e. information of people killed whom the editorial staff knew had in fact survived), which were made to increase the shock effect of the list.

  • Bechthold, SA leader (p. 87) = Hermann Berchtold (actually not killed)
  • Fritz Beck, leading member of the Catholic Action (p. 84) = Fritz Beck
  • Bergmann, "SA leader, adjutant on the staff of the highest chief of staff Ernst Röhm" (p. 75, 87) = Robert Bergmann
  • von Beulwitz, SA standard leader, adjutant of the group leader Ernst, press chief of the Berlin SA (p. 74) = Veit Ulrich von Beulwitz
  • von Bose, "Upper Government Councilor and First Secretary of Vice Chancellor Papen" (p. 81) = Herbert von Bose
  • von Bredow, "Major General, Head of the Ministerial Office in the Reichswehr Ministry under Schleicher and his closest collaborator and confidant" (p. 79) = Ferdinand von Bredow
  • Camphausen, "Government Builder in Waldenburg" (p. 84) = Kuno Kamphausen
  • Dr. Charig (p. 86) = Kurt Charig
  • Georg von Detten (p. 87) = Georg von Detten
  • Count Du Moulin-Eckardt (p. 87) = Karl Leon Du Moulin-Eckart (actually not killed)
  • Ender, SA-Sturmbannführer in Schweidnitz (p. 75) = Herbert Ender
  • "Engel (Berlin)" (p. 89) or "Engel, Gruppe Ernst, Berlin" (p. 100) = probably Fritz Karl Engel (actually not killed)
  • Engel, “SA leader in the staff of Obergruppenführer Heines, Deputy Police President of Breslau” (p. 98), also “Engel (Breslau)” (p. 89) = Ludwig Werner Engels
  • Karl Ernst, SA group leader Berlin-Brandenburg (p. 92) = Karl Ernst (SA member)
  • von Falkenhausen, SA leader of the Ernst group, Berlin = Hans-Joachim von Falkenhausen
  • von Fichte (p. 87) = Werner von Fichte (actually not killed)
  • Fiedler, "SA-Oberführer in the Berlin-Brandenburg group" (p. 92) = Richard Fiedler (actually not killed)
  • Captain Fischer (p. 87)
  • Fleck (p. 87) = probably SA-Sturmbannführer Karl Fleck (actually not killed)
  • Dr. Foerster, Hirschberg (p. 86) = Walter Foerster
  • Frasenhauser, SA leader in Saxony (p. 75) = unclear, possibly Hans-Joachim von Falkenhausen from Saxony
  • Fritz Gerlich, "Editor-in-Chief of the Münchener Neuesten Nachrichten, published heavily incriminating documents in the summer of 1932 that convicted Goering of accepting bribes from industrial sources during the World War" = Fritz Gerlich
  • Gerth, "SA-Standartenführer, adjutant of the group leader Ernst, former pilot officer, knight of the order Pour le mérite" (p. 75) = Daniel Gerth
  • Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg (p. 87) = Georg Enoch Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg (actually only arrested)
  • Dr. Glaser, “Financial advisor to the Röhm staff, confidant of dark financial affairs of the NSDAP; Liaison between industry and Hitler ”(p. 82) = Alexander Glaser
  • Walter Haebich, "Member of the illegal Communist Party of Germany" (p. 86) = Walter Häbich
  • Hans Hayn, SA group leader of Saxony, member of the Reichstag (p. 75) = Hans Hayn
  • Heck, Standartenführer, Group Berlin = Carl Heck (actually not killed, later SA brigade leader in Pomerania)
  • Dr. Karl Heimsoth, “Writer and doctor, recipient of the so-called Röhm letters and owner of the letters of many Nazi leaders from which their homosexual disposition emerged” (p. 82) = Karl-Günther Heimsoth
  • Edmund Heines, SA-Obergruppenführer Silesia, member of the Reichstag and the Prussian Council of State, Police President of Breslau, law enforcement murderer, responsible for all outrageous tortures and murders in Silesia since Hitler came to power (p. 74) = Edmund Heines
  • Hess (p. 87) =
  • Hans Peter von Heydebreck, SA group leader Pomerania, member of the Reichstag, former captain, leader of an Upper Silesian free corps named after him (p. 76) = Hans Peter von Heydebreck
  • Hinzen (p. 87) =
  • Hoffmann, SA-Oberführer, Stettin (p. 77) = Joachim Hoffmann
  • Huber (p. 87) = probably Joseph Carl Huber (actually not killed)
  • von Humboldt (p. 84) = probably Alexander von Humboldt (SA member) (actually not killed)
  • Dr. Jacobson, Glogau (p. 86) = lawyer Sally Jacobsohn in Glogau (actually "only" mistreated, but not killed)
  • Edgar Jung, “Employee of the Vice Chancellor von Papen, is considered to be the author of the Marburge speech” (p. 81) = Edgar Jung
  • Jurk, SA-Standartenführer Löbau, former adjutant of the SA-Obergruppenfürher von Killinger (p. 76)
  • Gustav von Kahr, Bavarian Prime Minister and State Commissioner General in Bavaria (p. 81) = Gustav von Kahr
  • Kaindl (p. 87) = August Kaindl (actually only died after the cleansing wave in a different context)
  • Siegfried Kasche (p. 87) = Siegfried Kasche (actually not killed)
  • Keppler (p. 87)
  • Eugen von Kessel, "Police Captain, Consultant in the Prussian Ministry of the Interior" (p. 82) = Eugen von Kessel
  • Kirschbaum, SA leader of the Ernst group, Berlin (p. 76) = Martin Kirschbaum (actually not killed)
  • Erich Klausener, "Ministerial Director in the Reichsverkehrsminsiterium, formerly head of the police department in the Prussian Interior Ministry, leader of the Catholic Action in Germany" (p. 83) = Erich Klausener
  • Koch, Sturmbannführer, Koblenz (p. 76) = Hans-Karl Koch
  • Ewald Köppel, "Member of the illegally Communist Party of Germany" (p. 87) = Walter Köppel
  • Krause, Sturmbannführer of the Pioniersturm of Brigade 30 (p. 76) =?
  • Fritz Ritter von Krausser, SA-Obergruppenführer, permanent deputy of the Chief of Staff Röhm, member of the Reichstag and the Prussian Council of State (p. 76)
  • Kunze, Sturmbannführer, Group Berlin (p. 76) = Otto Kunze (actually not killed)
  • Karl Lämmermann, "nineteen-year-old subordinate of the Hitler Youth in Plauen" (p. 82) = Friedrich Karl Lämmermann
  • Dr. Lindemann, Glogau (p. 86) = Erich Lindemann
  • Hans Littmann (p. 87)
  • Lönnicker, Sturmbannführer (p. 76) = Karl Lönneker (actually not killed)
  • Markus, Standartenführer, Gruppe Berlin (p. 76) = Willi Markus (actually not killed)
  • von Marlow (p. 87) = Otto Marloh (actually not killed)
  • Martin, SA leader of the Sachsen group (p. 76) = Ernst Ewald Martin
  • Dr. Matheus (p. 87) = Hermann Mattheiß
  • Mathis (p. 87)
  • May (p. 87) = Rudolf May (actually only arrested, not killed)
  • Merker, Sturmbannführer, Gruppe Berlin (p. 76) = Herbert Merker (actually not killed)
  • von Mohrenschild, SA leader in the Berlin Brandenburg group (p. 92) = Walter von Mohrenschildt
  • Dr. Morsbach (p. 87) = Adolf Morsbach (actually not killed)
  • Pastor Mühler, "City Pastor in Munich, Leader of Catholic Action in Bavaria" (p. 84) = Emil Muhler (actually not killed)
  • Erich Mühsam, writer (p. 84) = Erich Mühsam (actually only killed after the completion of the Röhm campaign)
  • Oberwurzer (p. 87) = probably Herbert von Obwurzer (actually not killed)
  • Salomon Oppenheim (p. 87) = Moritz Oppenheimer
  • Oppenheim's son (p. 87) = Siegfried Oppenheimer (actually "only" injured but not killed)
  • Ose (p. 87)
  • Overhau, SA leader of the Ernst Group, Berlin
  • by Pasinsky (p. 87)
  • Adalbert Probst, "Head of the Catholic Youth Movement in the Rhineland" (p. 84) = Adalbert Probst
  • Hans Ramshorn, SA Brigade Leader in Upper Silesia, Captain a. D., member of the Reichstag, severely disabled person , police chief of Gleiwitz (p. 76) = Hans Ramshorn
  • Reblitzki (p. 90 and 207) = Helmut Rebitzki , Lord Mayor of Breslau (actually not killed)
  • Baron Redwitz = Franz von Redwitz (actually not killed)
  • Wilhelm Reh, "Member of the illegal Communist Party of Germany" (p. 86) = Robert Reh
  • Reiner (p. 87) = Rolf Reiner (actually not killed)
  • von Roskotten (p. 87)
  • Sander, "Standartenführer, staff leader of the Berlin-Brandenburg group" (p. 92) = Wilhelm Sander
  • Graf Scherr-Thoss (p. 90) = probably Ernst Hans Christoph Theobald Graf von Seherr-Thoss, Major General and Secretary of the Presidium of the Union Club in Berlin (actually not killed)
  • Dr. Schiftan, Landeshut = Hermann Schiftan (p. 90 and 131)
  • Elisabeth von Schleicher, wife of Schleicher (p. 79) = Elisabeth von Schleicher
  • Kurt von Schleicher, "General of the Infantry, Head of the Ministerial Office in the Reichswehr Ministry until May 30, 1932, then Reichswehr administrator in the Papen Cabinet until November 10, 1932, then Chancellor and Minister for Defense until January 30, 1933" (p. 79) = Kurt von Sneak
  • Walter Schmidt, SA standard leader, adjutant to Obergruppenführer Edmund Heines (p. 76) = Hans Walter Schmidt
  • Willy Schmidt, music critic (p. 87; possibly counted twice) = Wilhelm Eduard Schmid
  • August Schneidhuber, SA-Obergruppenführer, head of the SA in Bavaria, member of the Reichstag, police president in Munich (p. 74) = August Schneidhuber
  • Schragmüller, leader of the SA-Gruppe Mitte, Magdeburg (p. 76) = Konrad Schragmüller
  • Schwarz, Oberführer, Gruppe Berlin (p. 76) = Werner Schwarz (politician, 1902) (actually not killed)
  • Hans Erwin Graf Spreti, SA standard leader, Ordonnanzoffizier in Röhm's staff (p. 76) = Hans Erwin von Spreti-Weilbach
  • Schröder, standard leader in Saxony (p. 76) = Joachim Schroedter
  • Eduard Stadler (p. 87) = Eduard Stadtler (actually not killed)
  • Stefan (p. 87)
  • Leo Stein (p. 85) = Leo Stein, Berlin Jew, only died a few days after the Röhm affair
  • Pastor Stempfle, "Head of the Miesbacher Anzeiger and opposition Catholic leader" (p. 84) = Bernhard Stempfle
  • Gregor Strasser (p. 81) = Gregor Strasser
  • Thomas, SA leader of the Ernst Group, Berlin
  • Trambauer, standard bearer during the Hitler putsch (p. 87) = Heinrich Trambauer
  • Uhl, SA Standartenführer, member of the Supreme SA Staff (p. 76) = Julius Uhl
  • Villain, SA leader of the Ernst group, Berlin (p. 76) = Erwin Villain
  • Dr. Voss, Berlin lawyer, "was Gregor Strasser's legal advisor for many years" (p. 82) = Gerd Voss
  • Erich Wagner (p. 87)
  • Weber, (p. 87) =
  • Weiersch (p. 87) = possibly Udo von Woyrsch (actually one of the organizers of the murder operation)
  • Winkler, "General Secretary of the Catholic Journeyman's Associations, Klausener's employee at the Catholic Action" (p. 84) = August Christian Winkler (actually not killed)
  • Wopfner (p. 87)
  • Prince Ysenburg = either Ferdinand Karl von Isenburg , SA-Standartenführer and adjutant of the Reich Governor of Bavaria (actually only arrested), or the journalist Werner Abel , a personal enemy of Hitler, who, after working under the code name "Prince Ysenburg "Had acted, was known to the public under this name (also not killed during the purge, but only murdered in 1935 in the Dachau concentration camp)
  • Innkeeper Zehntner (p. 82) = Karl Zehnter
  • Tenth head waiter (p. 82) =? (probably non-existent person)
  • Zehntners Zapfmeister (p. 82) =? (probably non-existent person)
  • Dr. Zweig, Hirschberg (p. 86) = Alexander Zweig
  • Mrs. Zweig, Hirschberg (p. 86) = Jeanette Zweig

Death lists in contemporary newspapers

The Pariser Tageblatt reported in its edition of July 6, 1934 in the article "Uncovered secrets of June 30", the following people as victims of the purge

  • Ernst, "Obergruppenführer of Berlin-Brandenburg" = Karl Ernst
  • Fiedler "Oberführer [...] of Brigade 32" = Richard Fiedler (actually not killed)
  • "Frasenhauser" "Saxon SA leader", "brother of the general of the same name" = Hans-Joachim von Falkenhausen
  • "Gert", "Captain", "Adjutant Ernsts" = Daniel Gerth
  • Heck "Standartenführer [...] of Staffel 8 = Karl Heck (actually not killed)
  • Krause "Standartenführer [...] of the pioneer storm of Brigade 30" = Kurd Krause
  • Marcus "Standartenführer [...] of Season 6" = Willi Markus (actually not killed)
  • Sander, "Standartenführer", "Chief of Staff of the Berlin-Brandenburg Upper Group" = Wilhelm Sander
  • Schwarz "Oberführer [...] of Brigade 20" = Werner Schwarz (actually not killed)

Incorrectly reported people killed

Other persecuted people

Persons who were intended to be murdered but escaped it because they were able to evade the hunters in time or could not be found or who were arrested but not shot included:

  • Konrad Adenauer , the former mayor of Cologne and chairman of the Prussian State Council, was arrested by the Gestapo on June 30, 1934 and held in Potsdam prison for a few days
  • Werner von Alvensleben , former liaison man of General von Schleicher and a leading member of the German gentlemen's club; was arrested and held in Lichtenberg concentration camp for a few days. Friedrich Glum reported in his memoirs that Alvensleben only escaped the shooting because he managed to reach Heinrich Himmler by telephone immediately before the SS commando arrested him. Himmler then blamed the SS men who had stepped in, who snatched the receiver from Alvensleben's hand, with their heads that nothing would happen to Alvensleben.
  • Heinrich Brüning , former Chancellor of the Reich, received a slip of paper in May stating that his life was in danger, and then fled abroad
  • Bernhard Wilhelm von Bülow , State Secretary in the Foreign Office, removed from the death list at Göring's instigation
  • Rudolf Diels , the first head of the Gestapo, ousted by Himmler and Heydrich, stated in his memoirs in 1949 that both had wanted to use the opportunity of June 30 to liquidate him too. Only the protective hand of his patron Goering saved him, Diels, from being shot. To be on the safe side, he also went on a hunting excursion on June 30, 1934, so that he would have been sitting on a high seat with his hunting rifle - untraceable to possible murderers.
  • Karl Leon Du Moulin-Eckart , former head of the SA secret service, escaped because the plane that was supposed to take him to Berlin to be shot could not take off due to a breakdown. In part, the protection of Himmler is also held responsible for his protection.
  • Jenö von Egan-Krieger , former managing director of DNVP; was held in Potsdam prison for a few days
  • Hermann Ehrhardt , former Freikorps leader and competitor of Hitler for the leadership of the German right; the SS command withdrew because Ehrhardt, warned and surrounded by armed loyalists, was waiting for them at the edge of the forest near his property. He escaped to Switzerland.
  • Hellmuth Elbrechte , Berlin dentist and editor of the magazine Die Tat , advisor and liaison for Schleicher, Brüning and Gregor Strasser; escaped assassination as he happened not to be in Berlin on June 30th.
  • Edmund Forschbach , DNVP politician, was able to go into hiding and later flee to the Netherlands
  • Theodor Groppe , major general, commander of the border guard division in Gleiwitz, Nazi opponent and later resistance fighter.
  • Otto von Heydebreck, journalist, brother of the SA group leader Hans Peter von Heydebreck. As a friend of the former Chancellor Brüning, Heydrich put him on the murder list, but was able to go into hiding after warning. While friends hid him in changing quarters, generals and high officials stood up for him.
  • Siegfried Kasche , SA group leader, was able to persuade Göring to spare his life
  • Hans von Kessel, journalist, brother of Eugen von Kessel. Avoided the assassination because he was in Stockholm at the time of the alleged Röhm putsch.
  • Wilhelm Freiherr von Ketteler , employee of Vice Chancellor Franz von Papen, member of the conservative opposition group around Herbert von Bose; was able to escape the occupation of the vice chancellery by the SS by posing as a visitor.
  • Manfred von Killinger , SA leader
  • Ernst Klein , journalist
  • Bernhard Lippert , diplomat, nephew of Ernst Röhm, was arrested but not shot after it was found that he knew nothing of the alleged conspiracy.
  • Franz Mariaux , journalist, France correspondent for the Ullstein press; was arrested by the Gestapo a few days before June 30, but - probably because of reports in the foreign press and possibly after protests by the French embassy - handed over to the regular police and released again.
  • Eugen Ott , a former colleague of Kurt von Schleicher, was allegedly on the death list, but was already in Japan as a military attaché at the time of the alleged Röhm putsch
  • Franz von Papen , Vice-Chancellor in the Hitler government, was removed from the murder list at Göring's instigation and taken into protective custody
  • Rolf Reiner , SA leader
  • Gerhard Roßbach , former Free Corps Leader
  • Friedrich Carl von Savigny , employee of the Vice Chancellor's office, arrested but not shot due to a misunderstanding
  • Otto Schmidt-Hannover , the former leader of the DNVP parliamentary group in the Reichstag, fled to the coast from his home in Wroclaw before an arrest squad arrived after General von Kleist had warned him.
  • Johannes Ludwig Schmitt , doctor and clinic owner in Munich; probably got on the murder list because he helped Hitler's archenemy Otto Strasser to flee abroad. He escaped because the Gestapo commando, which was sent out to kill him on June 30th, did not know that he had been arrested since April and was incarcerated in Stadelheim prison. There he was hidden from the SS by a caretaker in a wooden shed until July 2nd.
  • Walther Schotte , conservative journalist and speechwriter von Papens. Schotte was falsely reported murdered on various occasions and, according to a friend, “just got away with his life”.
  • Paul Schulz , a former Reich Inspector of the NSDAP and a close colleague of Gregor Strasser, was seriously injured by gunfire by the Gestapo, pretended to be dead and was able to escape.
  • Roderich Graf von Thun and Hohenstein , General Secretary of the Working Group of Catholic Germans. temporarily arrested on July 1 and the Secret State Police Office detained
  • Gottfried Treviranus , conservative politician, escaped the Gestapo by jumping over his garden wall when they arrived - in tennis dress - and fling through the adjacent gardens.
  • Fritz Günther von Tschirschky , an employee of the vice chancellery, escaped the murder because two different murder squads could not agree who was responsible for him, then saved by the intervention of Papen and the Dutch ambassador
  • Wilhelm von Prussia , former Crown Prince of the German Empire, was removed from the murder list at Göring's instigation
  • Prince Ernst Heinrich of Saxony , third son of the last King of Saxony

Archival material

Various files on the murders of 1934 were kept in the public prosecutor's offices (STAW) in the Munich State Archives (No. 1436, 28792, 28793, 28794, 29791, 29792, 29794). In it u. a. "Were admitted and admitted here on June 30, 1934" (28792), Directorate of the execution prison in Munich, list of the prisoners' cases taken into custody, minutes by Director Koch of the execution prison administration.

SS members who were promoted immediately after the Röhm murders

  • Wilhelm Albert (1898–1960), Head of the SD Upper Section West: Promoted to SS Sturmbannführer in July 1934
  • Kurt Andorf (born October 17, 1901): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski (1899–1972): Promoted to SS-Gruppenführer on July 11, 1934
  • Albert Bannwitz (born November 18, 1887): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Helmuth Barnstedt (born September 1, 1903): Promoted to SS-Hauptsturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Oskar Bartel (born July 10, 1896): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer in July 1934
  • Jakob Beck (1889– ??), Head of the Bavarian Political Police: Promoted to SS-Sturmbannführer on July 4, 1934
  • Hermann Behrends (1907–1948), Head of the SD Upper Section East in Berlin: Promoted to SS Obersturmbannführer on July 4, 1934
  • Johann Bergmüllter (born May 10, 1894), member of the Kriminalkommando (personal protection Hitler): promoted to SS-Untersturmführer in July 1934
  • Ludwig Bergmüller (born July 8, 1900), member of the Kriminalkommando (personal protection Hitler): promoted to SS-Untersturmführer in July 1934
  • Werner Best (1903–1989), Head of the SD Upper Section South in Munich: Promoted to SS Obersturmbannführer on July 4, 1934
  • Horst Böhme (1909–1945), member of SD Section II in Dresden: promoted to SS-Untersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Erich Bruns (born October 8, 1907 in Golzwarden; + December 13/14, 1941 in Nikoljewo): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Karl Bürger (born August 30, 1898), member of the staff of the SS Upper Section Southeast: Promoted to SS Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Hans Burkhard (born April 12, 1886)
  • Karl Delfs (born February 2, 1903): Promoted to SS-Sturmführer on July 2, 1934
  • Josef Dietrich (1892–1966), commander of the LSSAH: promoted to SS-Obergruppenführer in July 1934
  • Adolf Dirr (born February 14, 1907 in Munich), Führer Accompanying Command: On July 1, 1934, to the SS: Untersturmfürher promoted
  • Gustav Drews (born March 27, 1883): Promoted to SS-Obersturmfürher on July 4, 1934
  • Anton Dunckern (1905–1985), Secret State Police Office:
  • Wilhelm Eckhold (born August 25, 1902): Promoted to Untersturmführer in July 1934
  • Max Ehrlich (born October 3, 1897): Promoted to SS-Untersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Theodor Eicke (1892–1943), commandant of the Dachau concentration camp: Promoted to SS group leader on July 11, 1934
  • Paul Exner (born October 17, 1892 in Hampont): Promoted to SS-Hauptsturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Willi Falkenberg (1900–1968), Head of SD Section III in Berlin: Promoted to SS-Hauptsturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Oskar Fischer: Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Reinhard Flesch (1894–1942), Secret State Police Office: Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Ludwig Forster (born August 15, 1891), Kriminalkommando (personal protection Hitler): promoted to SS-Untersturmführer in July 1934
  • Walter Fritsch (1889–1966), head of the SA Feldjägerkorps: Promoted to Major in the Police on July 1, 1934
  • Hans Genslein (born November 28, 1898)
  • Bruno Gesche (1905–1980), Führer Accompanying Command: Promoted to SS-Hauptsturmführer on July 1, 1934
  • Kurt Gildisch (1904–1956), assigned to LSSAH: Promoted to SS-Sturmbannführer on July 4, 1934
  • Alfons Glatzel (1889–1956), Head of SD Upper Section West (Düsseldorf): Promoted to SS Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Johannes Gottwald: On July 4, 1934 as SS-Hauptsturmführer
  • August Görlitz (born January 23, 1899): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Kurt Graaf (1909–1972): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Wilhelm Grimminger (born June 20, 1906): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Erich Gritzbach (1896–1968), press officer for Hermann Göring: Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Richard Gutkaes (born June 16, 1898 in Rüstringen; January 27, 1936), member of the SD Upper Section East in Berlin: promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Hugo Hackbart (born February 5, 1893 in Herzberg): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Karl Hanke (1903–1945), State Secretary in the Reich Propaganda Ministry: Promoted to SS-Sturmbannführer on July 1, 1934
  • Walter Heggblum (born February 5, 1911): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Karl Hensgen (born September 18, 1897): Promoted to storm leader on July 4, 1934
  • Ludwig-Rolf Heß (born April 17, 1883): Promoted to SS-Untersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Reinhard Heydrich (1904–1942), head of the SD and head of the Secret State Police Office: promoted to SS group leader on June 30, 1934
  • Alfred Holstein (born August 21, 1908 in Danzig; December 11, 1936), LSSAH: Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Eberhard Horn
  • Heinrich Höflich (1895–1983): Promoted to SS-Oberführer on July 3, 1934
  • Peter Högl (1897–1945), detective command: promoted to SS-Obersturmführer in July 1934
  • Ernst Hörner (born July 12, 1898): Promoted to SS-Untersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Eberhard Hory (born July 29, 1908): Promoted to SS-Untersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Franz Josef Huber (1902–1975), employee of the Secret State Police Office: promoted to SS-Untersturmführer in July 1934
  • Oswald Jacob (born May 31, 1893): Promoted to SS-Hauptsturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Arnold Jaks (born December 13, 1904), member of the SS-Staffel: Promoted to SS-Untersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Josef Jörg (born May 16, 1896), detective command: promoted to SS-Obersturmführer in July 1934
  • Peter Johannsen (born January 1, 1903 in Bramstedtlund; March 31, 1935), SS Upper Section East: promoted to SS Standartenführer on July 4, 1934
  • Paul Jüttner (born September 7, 1897): Promoted to SS-Hauptsturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Bruno Kaluns (born August 25, 1904): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Günther Kamphenkel (born April 5, 1912): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Benedikt Karg (born June 22, 1901 in Munich): Promoted to SS-Untersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Johann Kaschek (born August 11, 1897): In July 1934 as Hauptsturmführer
  • Franz Kaufmann (born February 16, 1887): Promoted to SS-Untersturmführer on July 1, 1934
  • Wilhelm Keilhaus (1898–1977), LSSAH: Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Erich Kempka (1910–1975), Führer Accompanying Command: Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 1, 1934
  • Alfred Kirberg (born August 28, 1886): Promoted to Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Franz Koestler (born May 18, 1908), Fuhrer Accompanying Command: SS-Obersturmführer promoted
  • Martin Kohlroser (1905–1967), LSSAH: Promoted to SS-Obersturmbannführer in July 1934
  • Manfred Körnich (born January 27, 1903 in Zirkwotz): Promoted to SS-Hauptsturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Walter Koschulla (born August 18, 1898): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Johann Küffner (born April 19, 1896), detective command: promoted to SS-Untersturmführer in July 1934
  • Günter Kühndel (born February 11, 1906), member of the 16th SS squadron: promoted to SS-Untersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Otto Lange (born September 17, 1891 in Marienwerder): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Günter Leder: Promoted to SS-Hauptsturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Walter Lichtschlag (1889–1969): Promoted to SS-Standartenführer on July 4, 1934
  • Max Linbrunner (1894–1944), LSSAH: Promoted to SS-Untersturmführer in July 1934
  • Hugo Linhard (1896–1950): Promoted to SS-Sturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Rudolf Lohse (1904–1944), 16th SS standard in Breslau: promoted to SS standard leader on July 4, 1934
  • Franz Lucas (born December 12, 1901): Promoted to SS-Untersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Richard Lünser (born December 18, 1890): Promoted to SS-Hauptsturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Franz Lutz (born August 15, 1893): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Richard Mallé (born January 8, 1903 in Althüttendorf): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Alfred Margosch (born November 19, 1899): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Emil Maurice (1897–1972): Promoted to SS-Standartenführer on July 1, 1934
  • Herbert Mehlhorn (1903–1968), SD in Saxony: Promoted to SS-Hauptsturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Karl Meier: Promoted to SS-Oberführer on July 5, 1934
  • Josef Meisinger (1899–1947), Secret State Police Office: on July 4, 1934 as SS-Obersturmführer
  • Alfred Meißner (born February 7, 1896): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Fritz Mohr: Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Josef Monschein (born March 5, 1898 in Durbach): Promoted to SS troop leader on June 30, 1934
  • Ernst Müller (1893–1976), SD in Breslau: promoted to SS-Untersturmführer on July 2, 1934 (skipping four ranks)
  • Friedrich Müller (born March 28, 1904): Promoted to SS-Untersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Heinrich Müller (1900–1945), Secret State Police Office in Berlin: Promoted to Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Johannes Müller (born March 3, 1906; May 31, 1944): Promoted to SS-Untersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Josef Nägele (born March 23, 1906): Promoted to SS-Obersturmbannführer on July 4, 1934
  • Werner Neuendorff (born January 6, 1906): Promoted to SS-Sturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Karl Neumann (born December 14, 1889 in Paderborn): Promoted to SS-Hauptsturmführer on July 1, 1934
  • Otto Nitschke (born March 24, 1902): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Carl Oberg (1897–1965): Promoted to SS-Obersturmbannführer on July 4, 1934
  • Willi Ost (born March 20, 1903): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Ludwig Öttinger: Promoted to July 6, 1934
  • Günther Patschowsky (1903–1945), Head of Department III (Defense) of the Secret State Police Office: Promoted to SS-Obersturmbannführer on July 4, 1934
  • Gerhard Penner (born June 4, 1901): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Hans Pletsch (born February 26, 1905; May 17, 1858 in Wilhelmshaven): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 1, 1934
  • Walter Potzelt (1903–1955), Secret State Police Office, Adjutant of the SD Chief and Head of the Secret State Police Office Reinhard Heydrich: Promoted to SS-Obersturmbannführer on July 4, 1934
  • Richard Pruchtnow (1892–1943), Adjutant in the SD Upper Section East in Berlin: Promoted to SS Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Erich Raake (born October 4, 1895): Promoted to SS-Hauptsturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Fritz Rang (born April 9, 1899 in Grottau; missing since 1945): Promoted to SS-Untersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Hans Rattenhuber (1897–1957), Kriminalkommando: Promoted to SS-Obersturmbannführer on July 4, 1934
  • Günther Reibnitz (born September 8, 1894; February 2, 1983): Promoted to SS-Untersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Otto Reich (1891–1955), LSSAH: Promoted to Standartenführer in July
  • Horst Reisener: Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Hans Albin von Reitzenstein (1911–1943), LSSAH: Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Robert Richter: Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 6, 1934
  • Karl Rinne: On July 3, 1934 as SS-Obersturmbannführer
  • Walter Seifert (1895–1956): Promoted to SS-Sturmbannführer on July 4, 1934
  • Bernhard Siebken (1910–1949), LSSAH: Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Erdmann Skudlarek (born June 23, 1892): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Richard Schaale (born June 20, 1888): Promoted to SS-Hauptsturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Franz Schädle (1906–1945): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 1, 1934
  • Hans Scharff (born September 6, 1903): Promoted to SS-Untersturmführer in July 1934
  • Heinz Schildt (born May 25, 1906; missing since September 26, 1942): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Heinrich Schimmel (born September 28, 1891): Promoted to SS-Untersturmführer in July 1934
  • Hans Schimf: Promoted to SS-Hauptsturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Friedrich Schlums (born January 26, 1892): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 1, 1934
  • Konrad Schmidbauer (1895– ??), Kriminalkommando: Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 1, 1934
  • Friedrich Schmidt (born September 22, 1897), detective command: promoted to SS-Obersturmführer
  • Max Schneller (1886–1948):
  • Alfred Scholz (born February 24, 1893): Promoted to SS-Obersturmbannführer on July 4, 1934
  • Georg Schönknecht (born December 28, 1894): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Erich Schrage (born November 16, 1899 in Stettin): Promoted to SS-Sturmbannführer
  • Martin Schröder (born November 10, 1909): Promoted to SS-Untersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Karl Schubert (born March 25, 1894): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Otto Schupfer: Promoted to July 6, 1934
  • Albert Schwartz (born May 11, 1905): Promoted to SS-Untersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Paul Stache (born December 31, 1883): Promoted to SS-Untersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Heinrich Stamm (born March 8, 1893): Promoted to SS-Hauptsturmführer on July 1, 1934
  • Karl Stauffer (born December 24, 1908): Promoted to SS-Hauptsturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Reinhard Stief (born December 22, 1908): Promoted to SS-Untersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Josef Stohmeier (born June 30, 1905): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Heinz Tackmann (born February 11, 1901): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 1, 1934
  • Siegfried Taubert (1880–1946), LSSAH: Promoted to SS-Standartenführer on July 1, 1934
  • Arthur Tempsky (born April 9, 1893): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Albert Tonak (1906–1942): Promoted to SS-Hauptsturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Herbert Voshagen (born August 11, 1900): Promoted to SS-Sturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Günther Wagner (born August 12, 1911 in Altona): promoted to Obersturmführer
  • Jürgen Wagner (1901–1947), LSSAH: Promoted to SS-Obersturmbannführer on July 4, 1934
  • Kurt Walter (born July 14, 1901): Promoted to SS-Untersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Erich von Warzewski (born June 1, 1889 in Berent): Promoted to Obersturmbannführer on July 6, 1934
  • Christian Weber (1883–1945): Promoted to SS-Oberführer
  • Walter Weber (1895– ??), e.g. 6th SS Staffel, leader of the SS Command Hermann Göring: Promoted to SS: Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Hans Weibrecht (1911–1945), adjutant to the commandant of the Dachau concentration camp: promoted to SS-Untersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Hermann Witt (born December 11, 1893): Untersturmführer
  • Ignaz Wittmann (born January 12, 1895), detective command
  • Karl Wolff (1900–1984), adjutant to Heinrich Himmler: promoted to SS-Oberführer
  • Johann Wolfram (born November 20, 1904): Promoted to SS-Untersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Siegfried von Woyrsch (born March 19, 1893 in Schwanowitz; June 28, 1979 in Portals Nous , Mallorca): Promoted to SS-Obersturmführer on July 4, 1934
  • Ludwig Wurmannstätter (born July 30, 1895), detective command: promoted to Untersturmführer
  • Otto Zeller: Promoted to SS-Oberführer on July 5, 1934

Judgments on the murders from June 30 to July 2, 1934

  • Judgment of the jury court Breslau of September 26, 1934 in the criminal case against Deponte u. a. for murder of Kamphausen -> Jenke was sentenced to one for manslaughter and Deponte to five years in prison for manslaughter, Förster was sentenced to two years in prison for presumptuousness in offense with serious deprivation of liberty, Makosch, Sstaak and others were acquitted
  • Judgment of the Schweinfurt jury on April 12, 1951 in the criminal case against Böttger and Gasse for aiding and abetting the murder of the Hirschberg citizens Charig, Förster, Alexander and Jeanette Zweig (2 Ks 2/51) -> Böttger was charged with aiding and abetting the murder of these people Sentenced to eight years, Gasse for complicity in the murder of these four people to four years in prison
  • Judgment of the jury court at the Kassel regional court on October 10, 1952 in the criminal case against Bischoff and Finsterwalde for the murder of Lindemann and collective bodily harm to Jacobsohn (3 Ks 5/52) -> Bischoff was sentenced to life in prison for the murder of Lindemann and Finsterwalde for collective bodily harm Sentenced to Jacobsohn to one year and five months in prison
  • Judgment of the jury at the Hanover Regional Court of March 5, 1954 in the criminal case against Makosch and Moschner for manslaughter of Herbert Ender (2 Ks 1/53) -> Makosch was sentenced to 1.5 years in prison for manslaughter of Ender and Moschner for assisting manslaughter Sentenced to 9 months in prison at Ender
  • Judgment of the jury court Berlin of September 12, 1955 in the criminal case against Himpe for aiding and abetting the murder of the Hirschberg citizens Charig, Förster, Alexander and Jeanette Zweig (1 PKs 2/53) -> Himpe was accused of aiding and abetting the murder of these four people Sentenced to 6 years in prison
  • Judgment of the jury court Braunschweig of May 28, 1956 in the criminal case against Skarabis, Blümel, Kadura, Hartmann and Bittner for aiding and abetting manslaughter of Köppel and Reh (1 KSs 1/56) -> Skarabis was closed for aiding and abetting homicide of Köppel and Reh four years in prison, Blümel, Kadura, Hartmann and Bittner sentenced to prison terms of between 1 and 4 years for aiding and abetting manslaughter in one case
  • Judgment of the jury court at the regional court in Osnabrück on August 2, 1957 in the criminal case against Woyrsch and Müller-Altenau

literature

  • Heinz Höhne: Mordache Röhm. Hitler's breakthrough to sole rule, 1933–1934 , Rowohlt, Reinbek near Hamburg 1984. (Official list of deaths from 1934 attached)
  • 100 years of correctional facility in Munich , s. l. e. a.

Newspaper articles

  • “Shootings are uncomfortable, but they have to be. Lippert heavily burdened on the final day of the Röhm trial ”, in: Süddeutsche Zeitung of May 14, 1957.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hermann Mau: THE "SECOND REVOLUTION" - June 30, 1934. In: VJHfZG, Jg. 1 (1953), p. 120.
  2. ^ Günther Kimmel: "The Dachau Concentration Camp", in: Bavaria in der NS-Zeit , Vol. II, Vienna 1979, p. 366.
  3. ↑ Wolfram Selig: "The Victims of the Röhm Putsch in Munich", in: Winfried Becker / Werner Chrobak (eds.): State, culture, politics, contributions to the history of Bavaria and Catholicism. Festschrift for Dieter Allbrecht's 65th birthday, Kallmütz 1992, p. 346.
  4. ↑ Weissbuch , p. 69 states that the authors “succeeded in identifying 115 people [who were murdered] by name”. When counting, one comes to 113 named persons as well as two persons named with their occupation (waiter and tap master).
  5. ↑ Wolfgang Sauer in The National Socialist Seizure of Power: Studies z. Establishment of the totalitarian system of rule in Germany in 1933/34 . Karl Dietrich Bracher; Wolfgang Sauer; Gerhard Schulz, Cologne 1960. p. 963.
  6. ^ Karl Martin Graß: Edgar Jung, Papenkreis and Röhmkrise, p. 292.
  7. ↑ Charles Bloch: The SA and the Crisis of the Nazi Regime 1934 , Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1970, p. 104
  8. ↑ Hans Mommsen: On the wrong track , in: The time of February 26, 1971.
  9. ^ Michael Salewski : The armed power in the Third Reich 1933-1939. In: Wehrmacht and National Socialism 1933–1933 . Published by the Military History Research Office , Munich 1983 ( German Military History , Vol. 4). Bernard & Graefe, Munich 1979, p. 76.
  10. ↑ Peter Longerich: Heinrich Himmler: A biography . Siedler Verlag, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-88680-859-5 , p. 183.
  11. ↑ Otto Gritschneder: "The Führer has sentenced you to death ...", Hitler's "Röhm Putsch" murders in front of a court , Munich 1993, pp. 60f.
  12. ^ Rainer Orth: Der SD-Mann Johannes Schmidt, pp. 102-111.
  13. ^ Orth: Official seat, p. 695.
  14. ↑ Ian Kershaw: Hitler. Volume 1: 1889-1936 . Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-421-05131-3 , p. 650.
  15. ↑ Wolfram Selig: Murdered in the name of the Führer. The victims of the Röhm putsch in Munich. In: Winfried Becker / Werner Chrobak (ed.): State, culture, politics. Contributions to the history of Bavaria and Catholicism. Festschrift for Dieter Albrecht's 65th birthday , Kallmünz / Opf. 1992, p. 346. With reference to the “Ministerial Book 1934” kept in the Munich City Archives “Städtische Bestattung, Krematorium”.
  16. ↑ Ibid., P. 346.
  17. ↑ Ibid., P. 345.
  18. ↑ Stanislav Zamencnik: That was Dachau, 2007, p 69f; Blessed: "killed"; According to Selig, the ministerial book of the crematorium contains the note that the following people were admitted there: Adler, Gans, Gerlich, Häbich, Kahr, Neumayer, Röhrbein, Schätzl, Schiewek, Schweighardt, Stempfle, Uhl, Vogel and Zehnter as well as two unknown corpses, which, according to Selig, must have been Hereth and Zoref. -> Zemencnik: Dachau; Nazi-Bastille, pp. 98-101 (inmate reports); Hugo Burkhard: Dance a Jew. From Dachau to Shanghai , pp. 96f .; Hornung pp. 220-234; Kimmel.
  19. ↑ Karin Mahlich: “The Wedding Crematorium. Richtstrasse 37 “, in: Helmut Engel (Ed.): Wedding , (= Geschichtslandschaft Berlin. Places and Events), Berlin 1990, pp. 180–182.
  20. ^ Information from Günther Kimmel: “The Dachau concentration camp. A study on the National Socialist violent crimes ”in: Martin Broszat / Elke Fröhlich (Ed.): Bavaria in the Nazi era . Volume II. Munich 1979, pp. 349-413.
  21. ↑ Hans-Günter Richardi / Klaus Schumann: Secret Files Gerlich / Bell: Röhms Plans for a Reich without Hitler, Munich 1993, p. 182.
  22. ↑ Hans-Günter Richardi / Klaus Schumann: Secret Files Gerlich / Bell: Röhms Plans for a Reich without Hitler, Munich 1993, p. 72, FN 5.
  23. ↑ Hans-Günter Richardi / Klaus Schumann: Secret Files Gerlich / Bell: Röhms Plans for a Reich without Hitler, Munich 1993, p. 72, FN 7.
  24. ↑ Breakdown: The 19 higher SA leaders were Detten, Ernst, Falkenhausen, Hayn, Heines, Heydebreck, Klemm, Koch, Kraußer, Ramshorn, Röhm, Sander, Schmid, Schneidhuber, Schragmüller, Schröder, Schulze, Stucken and Wechmar. The 31 SA leaders and SA members were Belding, Beulwitz, Bittmaier, Bläsner, Ender, Engels, Engelhardt, Gerth, Oskar Heines, König, Krause, Langer, Lipinsky, Mohrenschildt, Neumayer, Nixdorf, Ostendorp, Pietrzok, Schätzl and Schieweck , Hans Walter Schmidt, Theodor Schmidt, Schuldt, Schulz, Schweighart, Sembach [incorrect assignment of the Gestapo list, actually SS member], Spreti, Uhl, Villain, Vogel and Voss. The three SS leaders were Hohberg, Mattheis and Toifl. The 13 people who allegedly perished because of resistance to their arrest were Ballerstedt, Beck, Bredow, Gerlich, Jung, Kahr, Lämmermann, Lindemann, Probst, Röhrbein, Schleicher and Frau as well as Zoref. The three alleged suicides were Bose, Klausener and Strasser. The five non-SA members but party members who were shot were Glaser, Kessel (actually also SA member), Martin, Stempfle and Zehnter. The three SS members who allegedly died from abuse were Fink, Hoffmann and Pleines.
  25. ↑ Münchner Stadtadressbuch , 1934, p. 22 ("Ballerstedt, Otto Dipl.Ing. Bauerst. 10/3") ( digitized version ).
  26. ↑ Münchner Stadtadressbuch 1934, p. 35 ("Beck, Fritz Direkt. Luisenst. 67/4 I. Aufg.") ( Digitized version ).
  27. ↑ Charig's first name and date of birth are missing from the official death list. Here they were added according to information from Rainer Orth: Der SD-Mann Johannes Schmidt , p. 111.
  28. ↑ Münchner Stadtadressbuch 1934 , p. 166 ("Gerlich Fritz Dr. phil. Rich.-Wagner-St. 27/1") ( digitized version ).
  29. ↑ Münchner Stadtadressbuch 1934, p. 170 ("Glaser, Alex. Dr. Rechtsanw. Amalienst. 2/0") ( digitized version ).
  30. ↑ Münchner Stadtadressbuch 1934, p. 271 ("Kahr Gust. Ritt. V. Dr. President ret. Exz. Mühlbaurst. 8/4") ( digitized ).
  31. ↑ Krause's first name and identity as well as the fact that he was actually killed after Rainer Orth: The official seat of the opposition? Politics and state restructuring plans in the office of the deputy of the Reich Chancellor 1933/1934 , 2016, p. 695, citing death certificate no. 964/1934 from the Lichterfelde registry office.
  32. ↑ Münchner Stadtadressbuch , 1934, p. 313 ("Kraußer, Friedr. V. Hauptm. AD ​​Parzival. St. 45/1") ( digitized version ).
  33. ^ Entry on Mattheiß in the Stuttgart address book for 1934 ("Mattheiß, Herm. Oberreg.rat Bopserwaldstr. 20/1") ( digitized version ).
  34. ↑ Münchner Stadtadressbuch 1934, p. 474 ("Röhm, Ernst Staatssekretär, Chief of Staff of the SA., Hauptm. AD ​​Prinzregentenpl. 7/1") ( digitized ).
  35. ↑ Münchner Stadtadreßbuch 1934, p. 493 ("Schätzl, Mart. Kunstm. U. Graphik. Adalberstr. 19/4") ( digitized version ).
  36. ^ Rainer Orth: Der SD-Mann Johannes Schmidt , p. 108. There also the note that the spelling «Schieweck» in the official death list of the Gestapo is wrong.
  37. ↑ Münchner Stadtadressbuch 1934, p. 518 ("Schmid Wilh. Hauptm. AD ​​Mainzer St. 7/1") ( digitized ).
  38. ^ The Secret State Police subsequently attempted to include Schmid in the list of those in the course of the purge of June 30th / 2. Those who were shot in July and whose killing was recognized as “legal” by the Reich government and thus put out of prosecution in accordance with the law of July 3, 1934, can be reached. To this end, the Gestapo leadership wanted Schmid to be added to the list, arguing that he was basically on the list, since a certain Theodor Schmidt, who had erroneously been included in the official list of people whose killing was considered legal was (although he had actually not been killed), due to a misunderstanding during the creation of the list in the Secret State Police Office at the place of the list where Wilhelm Eduard Schmid was supposed to be entered, so that the personal data of Theodor accidentally Schmidts would be at the point where Wilhelm Eduard Schmid's data should actually belong. In a letter that the Secret State Police Office wrote to the Prussian Ministry of Justice on August 17, 1934: "In the matter of the shooting of Dr. Schmid, I have the honor to inform you that the married editor of the Munich Latest News, Schmid Born in Weilheim on April 12th, 1993, resident in Munich Schackstrasse 3 / III, was shot on June 30th in Dachau. As a result of an oversight, Dr. Wilhelm Schmid was confused with Theodor Schmidt in the list. Correctly, it is therefore stated that the entry under item 59 instead of Theodor Schmidt, the list should read "Dr. Wilhelm Schmid, April 12, 1993 in Weilheim". "
  39. ↑ Münchner Stadtadressbuch , 1934, p. 524 ("Schneidhuber Aug. Police Presid., SA-Obergruppenführer. Ettst. 4/1") ( digitized ).
  40. ↑ Münchner Stadtadressbuch 1934, p. 543 ("Schweighart, Hs. Adjut. Rosenbuschst. 5/1") ( digitized ).
  41. ↑ Münchener Stadtadressbuch, p. 577 ("Stempfle, Bern. Schriftst. Cherubinist. 2/0") ( digitized version ).
  42. ↑ Münchner Stadtadressbuch 1934, p. 663 ("Zehnter, Karl Gastwirt (Nürnberger Bratwurstglöckl am Dom) and Schweinemetzgerei Frauenpl. 9/0 and 1") ( digitized version )
  43. ↑ [1] .
  44. ^ Lothar Gruchmann: Justice in the Third Reich , p. 464. Kaindl was an SS member and member of the Austrian Legion. He was arrested on July 7, 1934 in Simbach am Inn by a storm leader from the Dachau aid camp. This led to an argument in which Kaindl suffered a fatal gunshot wound. The act was not related to the June action. Investigations by the Passau public prosecutor's office were closed on August 28, 1934, as there was insufficient evidence that Kaindl's death was not the result of an act of self-defense.
  45. ↑ Hermann Schiftan: The formation of prices on the potato market , 1919
  46. ↑ On the page, the music critic is listed as Willy Schmidt under the heading of "Accidentally Shot" and then another Dr. Willy Schmidt is listed in the list of “other victims”.
  47. ↑ “Bloody 'cleansing' continues”, in: Pariser Tageblatt of July 3, 1934. ( digitized version )
  48. ^ "The list of losses of June 30th", in: Pariser Tageblatt of July 7th, 1934 .
  49. ^ "The list of losses of June 30th", in: Pariser Tageblatt of July 7th, 1934 .
  50. ↑ Chicago Daily Tribune, July 2, 1934; "Graf Helldorf dead", in: Pariser Tageblatt of July 2, 1934 ( digitized version ).
  51. ^ "The list of losses of June 30th", in: Pariser Tageblatt of July 7th, 1934 .
  52. ↑ “Always new victims. The list of those murdered and arrested ”, in: Pariser Tageblatt of July 6, 1934 ( digitized version ).
  53. ^ "Always new victims", in: Pariser Tageblatt of July 6, 1934.
  54. ^ "In one sentence", in: Pariser Tageblatt of July 18, 1934.
  55. ^ "The list of losses of June 30th", in: Pariser Tageblatt of July 7th, 1934 .
  56. ^ "The list of losses of June 30th", in: Pariser Tageblatt of July 7th, 1934 .
  57. ↑ “Always new victims. The list of those murdered and arrested ”, in: Pariser Tageblatt of July 6, 1934 ( digitized version ).
  58. ↑ “Always new victims. The list of those murdered and arrested ”, in: Pariser Tageblatt of July 6, 1934 ( digitized version ).
  59. ^ "The list of losses of June 30th", in: Pariser Tageblatt of July 7th, 1934 .
  60. ^ "New mass shootings", in: Pariser Tageblatt of July 2, 1934.
  61. ^ "The list of losses of June 30th", in: Pariser Tageblatt of July 7th, 1934 .
  62. ↑ Hans Peter Mensing (Ed.): Adenauer in the Third Reich. 1991, p. 219. In 1947 Adenauer stated that a Major Jenö had been arrested by Egan-Krieger together with him.
  63. ^ Friedrich Glum: Between science, economy and politics. 1964, p. 456.
  64. ↑ Rudolf Diels: Lucifer ante Portas. 1949.
  65. ↑ Ernst von Salomon, Der Questionebogen, Rowohlt, Hamburg 1951, pp. 439–441.
  66. ^ A b Eduard Calic: Reinhard Heydrich, p. 155.
  67. ↑ NDB. Vol. 19, Berlin 1999, p. 649 f.
  68. ^ Otto Schmidt-Hannover: Upheaval or anarchy. 1959. According to his biographer Maximilian Terhalle , it is not clear whether Schmidt-Hanover should only be arrested or also killed (cf. Terhalle: Otto Schmidt (1888–1971). 2006, p. 380.).
  69. ^ Henry Bernhard: Finis Germaniae. Records and observations. 1947, p. 41.
  70. ↑ Prince Ernst Heinrich of Saxony: My way of life. From the royal castle to the farm. Verlag der Kunst Dresden, 2004, ISBN 3-86530-015-4 .