List of plants with psychotropic agents

The list of plants with psychotropic active substances includes plant species that contain psychotropic substances in significant quantities. Psychotropics are divided into analgesics , hallucinogens , stimulants and aphrodisiacs, and even more finely according to their psychoactive effects . Its use can lead to intoxication , psychological and physical dependence and other behavioral disorders. Some herbal drugs are covered by the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs and the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances , while others are not. The national legislation regulates further details, in particular the narcotics laws . The list is not complete.

list

Contents A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A.

Scientific name	Common name	description	image
Acorus calamus	Sweet flag	Contains Asarone ; is considered to be mood-enhancing, slightly hallucinogenic and aphrodisiac in higher doses.
Acacia maidenii	Maiden's wattle	Native to the east coast of Australia, a tree that can grow up to 20 m tall. The bark contains 0.6 percent of the hallucinogenic dimethyltryptamine and N-methyltryptamine .
Alstonia scholaris	Devil tree	The seeds are used to achieve an aphrodisiac or psychoactive effect.
Anamirta cocculus	False myrtle	For use see picrotoxin .
Anadenanthera peregrina	Yopo
Areca catechu	Betel nut palm
Argyreia nervosa	Hawaiian woodrose	The seeds contain, among other things, the active ingredient ergin (lysergic acid amide, LSA).
Artemisia absinthium	Wormwood
Atropa belladonna	Black deadly nightshade	Among other active ingredients atropine , scopolamine .

B.

Scientific name	Common name	description	image
Banisteriopsis caapi	Ayahuasca	Used in South America. Various alkaloids. Part of Ayahuasca .
Boophone disticha	Fan lily	The plant is a geophyte , widespread in the open grasslands from South Africa to the north in southern Sudan. The active ingredients include buphanidrine and other alkaloids.
Brugmansia spec.	Angel trumpets	They are common in South America and contain alkaloids such as hyoscyamine and scopolamine .

C.

Scientific name	Common name	description	image
Calea ternifolia	Dream herb
Calia secundiflora	Mescal bean
Camellia sinensis	tea
Canavalia rosea	Beach bean
Cannabis indica	Indian hemp	Cultivated plant , active ingredients including THC , increased cannabidiol content, rather sedative to drowsy effect.
Cannabis ruderalis	Ruderal hemp	Wild plant, rather lower THC content and less productive than Cannabis indica and Cannabis sativa , but unlike both, not dependent on photoperiodism .	,
Cannabis sativa	hemp	Cultivated plant , active ingredients including THC , cannabidiol , more psychedelic and stimulating effect.
Catha edulis	Kathstrauch	Contains amphetamine- related alkaloids such as cathine and cathinone .
Centipeda cunninghamii	Gukwonderuk
Cestrum laevigatum	Dama da Noite
Cestrum parqui	Chilean hammer bush
Codoriocalyx motorius	Telegraph plant
Coffea spec.	coffee
Coffea arabica	Arabica coffee
Coffea canephora	Robusta coffee
Cola spec.	Colas

D.

Scientific name	Common name	description	image
Datura inoxia	Large-flowered thorn apple	Native to Central America, neophyte in the Mediterranean region.
Datura stramonium	Common thorn apple

E.

Scientific name	Common name	description	image
Echinopsis pachanoi	Cactus de San Pedro	Contains the alkaloid and phenethylamine derivative mescaline . Psychedelic effect.
Echinopsis peruviana	Peruvian stick cactus	Contains the alkaloid and phenethylamine derivative mescaline. Psychedelic effect.
Entada rheedei	African dream herb
Ephedra spec.	Sea ravages
Eschscholzia californica	California poppy seeds
Erythroxylum coca	Coca bush

G

Scientific name	Common name	description	image
Genista tinctoria	Dyer's gorse

H

Scientific name	Common name	description	image
Heimia salicifolia	Sinicuichi
Humulus lupulus	Real hops
Hyoscyamus albus	White henbane
Hyoscyamus muticus	Egyptian henbane
Hyoscyamus niger	Black henbane
Hypericum perforatum	Real St. John's wort

I.

Scientific name	Common name	description	image
Ilex paraguariensis	Mate bush
Iochroma fuchsioides	Red violet bush
Ipomoea spec.	Morning glories	Out of 79 species examined, 23 species can be said with certainty that they contain ergot alkaloids ; no reliable information is available for 15 species; in the remaining 41 species there are no ergot alkaloids.
Ipomoea tricolor	Sky-blue morning glory
Ipomoea violacea	nn

L.

Scientific name	Common name	description	image
Lactuca virosa	Poison lettuce
Lagochilus inebrians	Bogus mint
Latua pubiflora	Tree of wizards
Leonotis sp.	Lion ears
Leonurus sibiricus	Siberian motherwort
Lepidium meyenii	Maca
Lobelia inflata	Indian tobacco
Lophophora williamsii	Peyote, Peyotl, Challote, Mescal and Mescal Button	Mescaline.

M.

Scientific name	Common name	description	image
Mandragora officinarum	Common mandrake
Mitragyna speciosa	Kratom tree	Analgesic. Active ingredients including mitragynine , 7-hydroxymitragynine .
Mitragyna hirsuta	Kra thum khok	Active ingredient including mitraphylline .
Myristica fragrans	Nutmeg	Phenylpropanoids such as myristicin, safrole and elemicin.

N

Scientific name	Common name	description	image
Nepeta cataria	Real catnip
Nelumbo nucifera	Indian lotus flower
Nicotiana rustica	Peasant tobacco
Nicotiana tabacum	Virginian tobacco
Nymphaea alba	White water lily
Nymphaea caerulea	Blue lotus

P

Scientific name	Common name	description	image
Pancratium trianthum	Kwashi
Papaver somniferum	Opium poppy	The most important of the 40 alkaloids include morphine, codeine, papaverine, noscapine, thebaine and narceine.
Passiflora spec.	Passion flowers
Passiflora incarnata	nn
Paullinia cupana	Guarana	Contains caffeine.
Pausinystalia yohimbe	Yohimbe	Aphrodisiac. Active ingredient including yohimbine .
Peganum harmala	Rue	Part of the Uighur Materia Medica . Contains Harman alkaloids . Hallucinogen.
Phalaris arundinacea	Reed grass
Phragmites australis	reed
Picralima nitida	Akuamma
Piper betle	Betel pepper
Piper methysticum	Kava
Psychotria viridis	nn	Contains dimethyltryptamine . Part of Ayahuasca .
Ptychopetalum olacoides	Muirapuama

R.

Scientific name	Common name	description
Rhodiola rosea	Rose root	Contains phenolic glycosides such as B. Salidrosid and Rosavin as well as the aglycon tyrosol. Effect as a mild MAO inhibitor .
Rhynchosia pyramidalis	Crab bean, pega-palo

S.

Scientific name	Common name	description	image
Salvia divinorum	Aztec sage	Contains terpenoid salvinorins, six of which are known derivatives (A – F). Salvinorin A acts as a potent dissociative hallucinogen.
Sceletium tortuosum	Kanna	Mesembrine, mesembrenine and tortuosamine are the main alkaloids of the kanna plant.
Scopolia carniolica	Carniolan rabid
Scopolia japonica	nn	Hyoscyamine .
Scutellaria baicalensis	Baikal skullcap
Silene undulata	African dream root
Solandra sp.	Gold chalice
Strychnos ignatii	Ignatius nugget

T

Scientific name	Common name	description	image
Tabernaemontana undulata	Bëcchëte
Tabernanthe iboga	Iboga
Theobroma cacao	Cocoa tree
Turbina corymbosa	nn	Active ingredients lysergic acid amide , lysergic acid hydroxyethylamide . The seed is part of the ololiuqui .
Turnera diffusa	Damiana

V

Scientific name	Common name	description	image
Vachellia xanthophloea	Yellow Acacia
Valeriana officinalis	Real valerian
Veratrum album	White Germer
Virola sebifera	Suet nutmeg
Voacanga africana	nn	Hallucinogen.

W.

Scientific name	Common name	description	image
Withania somnifera	Sleeping berry

X

Scientific name	Common name	description	image
Xysmalobium undulatum	Uzara	Native to South Africa. Among other things, the root is used. Contains cardenolide glycosides such as uzarin and xysmalorin . A sedative effect is reported.

See also

• List of medicinal plants

literature

• Christian Rätsch : Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Plants. AT-Verlag, Aarau, 7th edition, 2004, ISBN 978-3855025701
• Bert Marco Schuldes : Psychoactive Plants. Pieper & The Grüne Kraft, Löhrbach, 17th edition, 2011, ISBN 978-3-925817-64-9
• Richard Evans Schultes , Albert Hofmann : Plants of the Gods. Revised edition, Hallwag AG, Bern, 1998, ISBN 978-3855026456
• Federal Institute for Risk Assessment : Risk assessment of plants and herbal preparations. Berlin. 2012, ISBN 3-938163-76-3 ( online )
• Michael Wink, Ben-Erik van Wyk, Coralie Wink: Handbook of poisonous and psychoactive plants. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft , Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 3-8047-2425-6

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Eckart Eich: Solanaceae and Convolvulaceae: Secondary Metabolites Biosynthesis, Chemotaxonomy, Biological and Economic Significance (A Handbook). Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008. ISBN 978-3-540-74540-2 . doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-540-74541-9
2. ↑ Xysmalobium undulatum

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