Muelheim (Warstein)
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Mülheim
City of Warstein
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| Height : | 248 (241-334) m |
| Area : | 5 km² |
| Residents : | 849 (April 1, 2019) |
| Population density : | 170 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1975 |
| Postal code : | 59581 |
| Area code : | 02925 |
  Location of the district in Warstein
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 View of Sichtigvor and Mülheim
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Mülheim belongs to the Mülheim / Möhne parish and is a district of the town of Warstein in the Soest district in North Rhine-Westphalia with 849 inhabitants.
geography
location
Mülheim is located at an altitude of 241–334 m above sea level in the middle valley of the Möhne on the northern edge of the Sauerland to the north of the adjacent Haarstrang , behind which the Westphalian Bay lies.
The area of the district is divided into the wooded south and the larger unforested north, where the residential buildings are located. These landforms are separated by the Möhne .
The district has an area of approx. 5 km². The population density is almost 169 inhabitants per km².
Neighboring places
Mülheim's neighboring towns, listed clockwise starting in the north, are Waldhausen , Anröchte - Uelde , Belecke and Sichtigvor .
history
The town of Mülheim is first mentioned in a document from the Archbishop of Cologne, Anno II.
In 1072 he founded the Benedictine Abbey Grafschaft , which was to become the most important spiritual and economic center of the Sauerland for several centuries. Archbishop Anno II furnished the monastery richly, as is usual with such foundations. The Benedictine monks received u. a. twelve parishes and localities and the natural tithes of many other places, to which Mulenhem (Mülheim) belonged.
The actual founding of Mülheim is certainly well before the date of the first written mention. The place name end syllable "-hem" or "-heim" indicates a Franconian settlement. The name can be traced back to the time of Christianization by Charlemagne around 800 AD. Around this time there were well- fortified farms on the southern slope of the Haar , which served as bases during the clashes with the Saxons. To these settlements belonged in the area of the parish Mülheim u. a. a main courtyard owned by the noblemen of Mulenhem.
Must be mentioned in this context, the Frankish Wallburg on the Loermund , the south of the Möhne was located in today's Kreuzberg. In times of war, the inhabitants sought protection behind their trenches and ramparts. During excavations on the Loermund, ceramic shards (“Mayener Ware” from the Eifel) were found that can be clearly assigned to the 9th century. The ramparts consisted of three ramparts that secured the castle to the east, while natural steep slopes provided protection on the other sides.
As with most of the ramparts, the facility on the Loermund was used at different times. A medieval castle (half-timbered with clay rod filling), the walls and remains of the cellar were still visible in the 1920s, must be dated to the 12th century. The spurs, horseshoes and buckles that can be seen today in the Arnsberg Local History Museum also come from this time . The main court of the noblemen of Mulenhem acquired a special significance for the history of the parish. It probably stood where the monastery complex is today. Around 1260 a Hermann zu Molenhem owned this farm under feudal law. Since his marriage had remained childless, he donated the knight's seat to the Teutonic Knight Order.
After the death of the knight Hermann zu Molenhem and his wife, the Teutonic Knight Order began the donation. However, various negotiations were still required with the Count of Arnsberg and the Lords of Volmarstein, because both noble houses raised claims to the Molenhem property. In 1266, Count Gottfried III finally approved the acquisition of the manor at Mülheim in the Möhnetal by the Teutonic Order . On April 20, 1266, Brother Bernhard and Brother Diderich von Vilarich took over the farm for their religious order. From then on, the history of the people of our closer homeland was closely connected with the history, the ups and downs, of the Teutonic Knight Order. This was the beginning of the German Order Coming in Mülheim .
At this time there was already a parish in Mülheim. After the arrival of the knights , religious priests took over the duties of pastors. With the acquisition of the right of patronage over the parish church of St. Margaretha, the initially modest property of the monastery grew considerably.
Over the decades and centuries, ownership was extended through purchases rather than donations. After the Crusades to the Holy Land, the Teutonic Order of Knights turned to the Christianization of pagan Prussians and Livs. In addition to the other comers of the Teutonic Knights in Munster , Brackel (Dortmund) , Duisburg and Welheim (Osnabrück) , it was the Kommende Mülheim who supported the order's idea of a crusade in the east by providing knights and funds. In the State Archives Münster is a letter from the famous Grand Master Wolter von Plettenberg , who his childhood at the castle Meyerich in Welver spent. In this letter, the master of the order confirms the receipt of money and letters from Mülheim. Relations between the Kommende Mülheim and the religious branches in the Baltic States were maintained until the 16th century. In 1554 the Landkomtur der Balley Westfalen (Ordensprovinz Westfalen) took its seat in Mülheim after the Anabaptist riots in Munster no longer allowed the order to be led by the Georgenkommende there. Among the heads of the Kommende Mülheim, the so-called Komturen, there were outstanding personalities whose work has remained significant up to our days. At the beginning of the 17th century, Landkomtur Rab Dietrich Overlacker had the commander fitted with a stone wall and built a chapel in Waldhausen in honor of St. Barbara and St. Antonius.
Waldhausen, with its dwelling places Eeltepöten and Taubeneiche, has always been part of the Mülheim parish. The first written mention of Waldhausen dates from the year 1293. Johann von der Recke, who owned a farm "sit in Walthuysen" (located in Waldhausen) according to feudal law, names a property register of the Marshal Office Westphalia, an administrative authority of the Prince-Bishop of Cologne. Presumably the historical development of Waldhausen was not linear. Great times of need also brought some suffering for the residents of Waldhausen. The oral tradition that the St. Barbara chapel in Waldhausen is said to have served as an infirmary chapel is among other things. a. an indication that the place was not continuously populated over time. It can be assumed that today's village of Waldhausen owes its existence to the repeated resettlement by the Teutonic Knights. What is likely for Waldhausen is certainly true for Sichtigvor . In 1656 the Landkomtur Oswald von Lichtenstein created a housing estate for the servants of the commander south of the Möhne on the "Siegden Four" (on a low-lying road) on "Freyem Ordensgrund". The present-day town of Sichtigvor gradually emerged from the first six living spaces.
The Landkomtur Franz Wilhelm von Fürstenberg had a new main building built for the commander around 1682, as we still know it today in its impressive baroque architecture. Under his successor in office, the Landkomtur Wilhelm von Plettenberg , the parish church of St. Margaretha was built in 1707 in the Gothic-style baroque style. The parish also owes him the foundation of a poor fund, from which the needy of the three villages received support.
The turn from the 17th to the 18th century was the last heyday of the Teutonic Order in Mülheim.
The end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century initially brought the French revolutionary unrest, which had no immediate effect in the Sauerland province. As a result, however, came the Napoleonic Wars. In the Peace of Luneville (February 1801) Napoleon I forced an important spiritual and political turning point in the Sauerland with the secularization : The area was added to the Protestant Landgrave Ludwig von Hessen-Darmstadt in 1802 as compensation for the loss of areas on the left bank of the Rhine to France with the Duchy of Westphalia . This step had a purely power-political background without any reference to historical roots or ties. On October 19, 1802, representatives of the community of Mülheim, together with representatives of the cities and communities of Allagen , Kallenhardt , Körbecke , Belecke and Warstein in Rüthen, had to pledge their loyalty to the Landgrave's representative with a handshake. When Napoleon I abolished the Teutonic Order in the course of secularization in 1809, the last Commander of Mülheim no longer resided there. The priest of the Teutonic Order, Josef Leers, administered the Kommende Mülheim. Despite bitter resistance, he had to hand over the property to the commissioner of the Hessian-Darmstadt government.
The property fell to the Prussian state in 1815 (after the Congress of Vienna ), which offered it for sale. The citizens of Sichtigvor, Mülheim and Waldhausen would have liked to purchase land. However, it did not come to that. A petition to the Royal Ministry for land lending was refused. The future assets changed hands several times in the course of the 19th century. The monastery buildings were later transferred to the Order of the Salesian Sisters through a foundation and then to the Olper Franciscan Sisters . Over 600 novices were prepared for religious life in Mülheim over the course of 10 years in 1885/95. For a long time the Franciscan Sisters maintained a “housekeeping school”. Until 1994 they looked after children of German descent from almost all Eastern European countries who had been resettled late in the boarding school “Kinderheim Maria Hilf”. At the end of 1994 the Olper Franciscan Sisters gave up the monastery building in Mülheim. Changes in the care of late resettled children and the lack of young people in their own ranks forced them to do so. On October 12, 1995, the “ Community of Beatitudes ” moved into the Mülheim monastery. Until 2009 its members practice new forms of monastic life and work here. The monastery was then sold to an investor. It is currently not clear how the buildings will be used.
Modern times
For some family fathers it was extremely difficult to earn their daily bread in the 19th century, there were only a few sources of income and jobs in the parish. A gradual improvement occurred when industry found its way into the predominantly agricultural towns around the middle of the 19th century. Factory-made chain forging gradually gained acceptance, even after an initial setback. There were also small home forges. Light chains were made in wage labor. Around 1910, over 200 chain smiths were working in their small workshops in Sichtigvor, Mülheim, Taubeneiche and Waldhausen. The small chain forge museum in the parish of Mülheim is a reminder of the tradition of home forging.
The example of the construction of the Ruhr Valley Railway around 1870 shows what efforts the residents of the parish went to in order to be able to provide for their families. A good dozen workers from Sichtigvor and Mülheim found employment. These men marched through the Arnsberg Forest to their workplaces on Sunday night, lived in work barracks during the week and came home for a few hours the next Sunday, only to start their way back to the Ruhr Valley soon.
The development of the parish through traffic routes was an indispensable requirement for industrial settlements in the Möhnetal. The construction of the "Cobelenz-Mindener Chaussee ", today's Bundesstrasse 55 , was already completed in 1827, the Möhnestrasse followed in the period from 1849 to 1853. Before that, there was no continuous route through the Möhnetal. Finally, the so-called secondary line was laid from Soest to Brilon. On December 1, 1899, the first scheduled train pair drove through the Möhnetal. The parish of Mülheim had finally found a connection to supra-regional economic areas.
In the course of administrative reform , which took effect on 1 January 1975 the hitherto independent Mülheim was a district of the newly formed city Warstein and came with this from the old Arnsberg district to district Soest .
politics
Mayor
Mayor is Susanne Kemker ( CDU ).
coat of arms
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| Justification of the coat of arms: The coat of arms of Mülheim contains the so-called herald's coat of arms in the upper part of the Teutonic Cross as an indication of the close connection with the Coming, in the lower part the five-pointed crown of St. Margaretha as the patroness of the old parish and as a reference to its five localities (Mülheim, Sichtigvor , Waldhausen , Taubeneiche, Eeltepöten). |
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the place
- Theodor Schroeder (1829–1890), lawyer, member of the Reichstag and politician of the Center Party
- Mother M. Brigitta Korff OSB († 1929), First Superior General of the Mission Benedictine Sisters of Tutzing
- Frieda Grafe (1934–2002), film critic and translator
Personalities with a connection to the place
- Neveling von der Recke († 1591) was from 1565 to 1591 Landkomtur of the Deutschordensballei Westphalia and Komtur der Kommende Mülheim.
- Franz Wilhelm von Fürstenberg (1628–1688), referred to as the most important Westphalian land commander between the Reformation and secularization, had the current building of the Kommende Mülheim built.
- Augustin Oswald von Lichtenstein († 1663 ) was Landkomtur of the Ballei Westphalia and at the same time Komtur of Mülheim and Münster . He also founded the village of Sichtigvor in the immediate vicinity of the Kommende Mülheim .
- Ambrosius von Oelde (* around 1630/1640; † 1705 in Werne ) was a Capuchin and architect . He was a leading designer of baroque buildings in the monasteries of Münster and Paderborn as well as in the Duchy of Westphalia , including the order of the palace of the commander in Mülheim .
- Wilhelm von Plettenberg (* around 1652; † February 2, 1711) was a colonel and land commander of the German order . During his tenure as land commander, the construction of the church of St. Margaretha began in the parish of Mülheim , in which he was also buried.
- Michael Spanner (partly also Spannier ) († May 31, 1742 ), German master mason and Baroque architect , probably built the pension building of the order castle of the Coming Mülheim in 1734 .
- Franz Wenzel von Kaunitz-Rietberg (1742-1825) was an Austrian general and the last Landkomtur of the Ballei Westfalen of the German Order, based in the Kommende Mülheim .
- Melchior Schäferhoff (1747–1821), the 50th and last abbot of the Cistercian monastery at Bredelar , died in Mülheim and was buried here.
- Franz Drepper (1787–1855), Bishop of Paderborn, took up his first pastor's position in Mülheim in 1817.
- Therese von Wüllenweber (1833–1907), 1968 by Paul VI. Beatified co-founder of the Order of the Salvatorians, lived in Mülheim monastery for a few weeks in 1863.
- Elisabeth Tombrock (1887–1938), founder of the order, was a teacher in Mülheim.
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Web links
- Brief presentation on the homepage of the city of Warstein
- www.muelheim.org
- Historical film from Mülheim on the side of the Sauerland Heimatbund
Individual evidence
- ↑ City of Warstein: Numbers, data, facts ( Memento of the original from May 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed April 25, 2019.
- ↑ Section 49 of the Münster / Hamm Act
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 331 .
- ↑ Life story of mother M. Brigitta Korff OSB ( Memento of the original from January 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 200 kB)
- ↑ The Thirty Years War (3): End and New Beginning. In: Our parish. Mülheim, Sichtigvor, Waldhausen 5/2006 PDF file ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ August Kracht : Castles and palaces in the Sauerland, Siegerland, Hellweg, industrial area . Knaur, Munich [1983], ISBN 3-426-04410-2 , p. 181.
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