Maslinica

Maslinica
Coordinates: 43 ° 23 ′ 54 ″  N , 16 ° 12 ′ 28 ″  E
Basic data
State :	Croatia
County :	Split-Dalmatia
Island :	Šolta
Height :	0  m. i. J.
Residents :	208 (2011)
Telephone code :	(+385) 021
Postal code :	21430 Grohote
License plate :	ST
Structure and administration (as of 2017)
Community type :	Village
Mayor :	Nikola Cecić-Karuzić (candidate Grupe Birača)
Postal address :	Podkuća 8 Grohote
Website :	www.solta.hr

Martinis Marchi, formerly pirate protection, now a luxury hotel

Maslinica ( Italian Porto Olivetto / Porto Oliveto ) is a small port on the island or municipality of Šolta in the Croatian Split-Dalmatia County in the Adriatic opposite Split west of Brač . Maslinica belongs to Grohote and has 208 inhabitants. The center of the westernmost town on the island is Martinis Marchi Castle, now a luxury hotel with a marina for almost 60 boats.

Geography & Demography

OpenStreetMap Maslinica

The place is connected to the mainland ( Split ) by car ferries and catamaran ferries via Rogač or Stomorska . It is 7.5 km from the island's main town, Grohote on the D111 state road. From Rogač there are buses to Maslinica, which are based on the ferry times. The place includes the area around the bay and the seven offshore islands Stipanska, Polebrnjak, Saskinja, Grmej (Gmej), Rudula (Radula), Balkun and Kamičić hrid.

Population development 1857–2011
1857	1869	1880	1890	1900	1910	1921	1931	1948	1953	1961	1971	1981	1991	2001	2011
92	0	123	157	173	171	169	199	180	191	179	147	64	69	174	208

economy

South side of the bay

The castle hotel Martinis Marchi, located on the southern outskirts, is the leading tourist business on the island of Šolta . Immediately in front of it is the marina. The place lives from tourism. There is a tourist information office, a few restaurants and around 30 private accommodations. Fishing or agriculture no longer play a role today. The former olive oil plantations and vineyards are largely overgrown.

In 2012 the new seasonal marina was opened. There are berths for 50 boats up to 30 m in length and seven berths for mega yachts up to 50 m in length on the outside of the breakwater. A 350 kW power generator, which is located underground in the adjoining castle, provides power for the boats and yachts.

history

Martinis Marchi

New marina from 2012

Boats

Old Port

The island of Šolta was owned by the Split nobility and the Catholic Church from the 14th century to 1905 . The proximity to the city, approx. 17 km by boat, made the island an important supplier of wood, lime, meat, fish, oil, wine, almonds, carob , figs and honey. After the 6th Ottoman-Venetian War (1684–1699), the Venetian aristocratic Marchi family planned to develop and protect the far west part of the island for agriculture. The polymath Ivan Petar Marchi and his brothers Juraj and Ian built a fortified tower, a village and a church in the then overgrown bay from 1706 to 1708. They bought 200 hectares of land from the aristocratic community of Split. The Venetian governor Alviso Moceniga II granted the building permit on August 25, 1703. The building, now called “Martinis Marchi”, is reminiscent of the southern part of Diocletian's Palace in Split. At that time, Ivan Marchi corresponded with the then Austrian star architect Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach , to whom he sent plans and documents for Diocletian's Palace. At the time of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy , the place is listed in the administration until 1918 with the Italian name Porto Olivetto .

Martinis Marchi's building looks very fortress-like. At that time it was certainly not forgotten that on the feast day of St. John the Baptist in 1669 pirates from Ulcinj ravaged the village of Donje Selo , about 5 km away , and took 64 men with them as slaves . The new fort in Maclinica served as a safe refuge for sailors and settlers who were brought here from the hinterland such as Zagora , Zaostrog , Prugovo or Montenegro and Bosnia to plant olive gardens and vineyards for the Marchis. The place name also goes back to olive cultivation. Maslinica means little olive in Croatian. The reclamation took place less through the work of grown men who had to serve as soldiers or row on galleys, but rather through the women, children and elderly people. The inscription above the main entrance says: For a safe mooring of the sailors in Maslinica, the prince and the brothers built a temple of faith, the collection point for water, by digging the mountain for their needs, settling colonists, at enormous expense, in the year of the Lord 1708. In 1706 the brothers built the Church of St. Nikolaus von Myra , the patron saint of seafarers. From the previous church is a beautiful altar table from the Renaissance survived. A fragment of an old Croatian window barrier from the 11th century was found near the church.

It is very unlikely that “Martinis Marchi” was one of the first buildings in Maslinica. There are several prehistoric barrows on the island of Šolta. There was an Illyrian fortress on Vela Straža . Many ancient finds from the island are exhibited in the Split Archaeological Museum. While people settled on the coast at the time of the almost millennial Roman peace, Roman wall remnants can be found on the islet of Stipanska off Maslinica, life on the coast became more dangerous again in the Middle Ages. Since Šolta was in the border area between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice , the danger of looting and raids, especially by the pirates of Omiš, was great, which is why for centuries there were only places in the interior of the island.

The diary entries of the scholar Francesco Carrara, who came to the town on October 19, 1843 on a boat trip from Split to Zadar and Trieste, give a detailed insight into life in Maslinica . The Martinis family owns all of Maslinica. She has to provide bread and water for the entire population, and in return the people are obliged to clean the whole castle and home of the Lord every Saturday. In addition, the residents are obliged to dance under the windows of the castle on the last day of Carnival ... The castle is very solidly built, with a drawbridge that is currently immobile and half broken. There is an underground dungeon here, into which many unfortunate people were thrown in those bad times. It would be better if these remnants of human shame went to hell. It would be bad for our Dalmatian aristocrats if they continued to follow in the footsteps of the times. Thanks be due to the French Revolution and the Austrian judiciary, which holds most of the title of St. Mark and void the vanity the Hungarians left in Dalmatia. Since the Marchi brothers had no male descendants, their niece Vicenca, the daughter of their sister, who was married to the Split aristocrat Ivan Alberti, became the heiress. As a condition it was agreed that she has the surname Martinis-Marchi. At the end of the 19th century, the Alberti family was in debt and gradually sold the rich property. The castle fell into disrepair for decades. In the 1960s, the building was restored amateurishly and converted into a hotel. The old interior was destroyed and the appearance of the rooms changed. Most recently it served as a communist youth camp. Between 2002 and 2004, the castle was given its current appearance in the course of a complete restoration under strict consideration of monument and nature conservation. Today the luxury hotel is the largest employer on the island with 34 employees. However, the ownership situation is unclear. The hotel ruins were bought by a German investor on the basis of an international tender. The state forest authority, however, is of the opinion that the municipality should not have sold the plant.

The Maslinica captain's office, landing site and pier were built under Austrian administration in 1854. The last major renovation of the pier took place in 2011 when the marina was expanded.

In the 19th century the best wine on the island came from Maslinica. The best qualities with supraregional importance were produced by Pietro degli Alberti in Porto Oliveto di Solta in the 1870s and 80s. At the Vienna World Exhibition in 1873 he received an honorary award. A gold medal at the Trieste exhibition in 1882.

Šešula

Inner bay

The north side of the Šešula bay belongs to Maslinica. It is a popular anchorage for yachts. A newer type of circular lime kiln dates from 1885 in the Šešula Bay, where the rock was brought in over a bridge with wagons. The facility, which was designed by Petar Alberti, was long owned by Baron Juraj Vranyczany-Dobrinović from Rijeka . The lighthouse on the western tip of the island was built in the early 20th century.

Stipanska

Rocks on the north bank

Beach at the marina

The most famous of the seven small islands off Maslinica is Stipanska. It is one of the locations of the three Benedictine monasteries Šoltas. There is a small source of water there. On the Mostir hill on the west side of the islands there are ruins of a single-nave early Christian basilica of St. Stephen (10 × 7 m) from the 5th to 6th centuries. A narthex was built on the west side and two rooms on the north side. In the Donji bok bay, sarcophagi and tombs with barrel vaults of the a pozzetto type were found .

literature

• Joško Belamaric: Island of Šolta. (= Library of Tourism and Cultural Heritage. No. 82). Zagreb 2011, ISBN 978-953-215-697-3 .
• Mladen Andreis: Stanovništvo otoka Šolte do godine 1900. Opcina, Šolta 2011, ISBN 978-953-55249-1-5 . (rodoslovlje.hr)

Web links

Commons : Maslinica  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Općina Šolta: Šolta Općina Šolta. Retrieved on August 13, 2019 (Croatian, official website of the municipality of Šolta). 
• Ferry connections Split-Rogač kroati.de (German), croatiaferries.com (English), Jadrolinija jadrolinija.hr (Croatian), all accessed on August 16, 2019

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Statistical yearbook for 2006 of the Central Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Croatia (PDF file; 2.38 MB)
2. ^ Republika Hrvatska - Državni zavod za statistiku: Naselja i stanovništvo Republike Hrvatske 1857-2001. ; Statistical yearbook for 2006 of the Central Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Croatia (PDF file; 2.38 MB)
3. ↑ Zoran Civadelić, Zoran Bursac: Welcome to Maslinica! ( Memento of February 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on July 5, 2017.
4. ↑ Jürgen Straßburger: Croatia: New Marina in Maslinica. on: www.boote-magazin.de , May 27, 2012, accessed on August 12, 2019.
5. ↑ Martinis Marchi: History. at: www.martinis-marchi.com , accessed on July 6, 2017.
6. ^ J. Belamarić: Island of Šolta. Zagreb 2011, p. 61.
7. ↑ Stermich (Segretaria di Governo):  AVVISO No. 24979-9466. In:  Gazzetta di Zara / Gazzetta di Zara. Foglio Ufficiale (d'Annuncii / d'Annuzi) della Gazzetta di Zara , February 2, 1841, p. 12 (online at ANNO ). , accessed on September 3, 2019 (Italian, price list for cadastral extracts)
8. ^ J. Belamarić: Island of Šolta. Zagreb 2011, p. 63.
9. ^ Split Archaeological Museum
10. ^ J. Belamarić: Island of Šolta. Zagreb 2011, p. 63 f.
11. ↑ Martinis Marchi: Our Story , accessed July 6, 2017.
12. ↑ Josef Ruhaltinger: Croatia still offers little legal security to investors. on: newsroom.sparkasse.at , accessed on July 6, 2017.
13. ↑ From the world exhibition. List of prizes of honor .. In:  foreigners sheet of the imperial and royal capital Vienna / foreigner sheet and tag news of the imperial and royal capital Vienna / foreigner sheet / foreigner sheet with vedette / foreigner sheet with military supplement Die Vedette , August 28, 1873, p. 10 (online at ANNO ).
14. ↑ Awards in the Trieste exhibition. In:  Die Presse , October 5, 1882, p. 14 (online at ANNO ).
15. ^ J. Belamarić: Island of Šolta. Zagreb 2011, p. 66 f.