Nivôse
The Nivôse (also Nivose ; German also snow month) is the fourth month of the republican calendar of the French Revolution . It follows the Frimaire , it follows the Pluviôse .
The name is derived from the Latin nix, nivis and therefore means something like 'the snow- rich '. The Nivôse is the first month of the winter quarter ( mois d'hiver ) and thus the fourth month of the French revolutionary year. It starts around December 22nd and ends around January 20th .
Day names
Like all months of the French Revolutionary Calendar, the Nivôse had 30 days, which were divided into three decades. In contrast to the other months, the day names of the Nivôse are not plant names, but minerals and animal substances (except for the Quintidi and Decadi , which are named after farm animals and tools as usual). Fabre d'Églantine commented: “In the Nivôse the earth is sealed and usually covered with snow. During this time the earth rests and there are no vegetable agricultural products to characterize this month. Instead, we have chosen names of substances from the animal and mineral kingdoms that are useful for agriculture. "
Most changes have been made to the day names of the Nivôse. Fabre d'Églantine did not get through with his suggestions to include the winter precipitation "ice" and "snow". "Wax" and "honey" were moved to the Frimaire, so that the original principle of only allowing animal products as names for the Nivôse was broken. In addition, it was apparently d'Églantine's intention to include only the classic five base metals. The National Assembly added zinc , which was only rediscovered in the 17th century, as the sixth .
| 1 re Decade | 2 e decade | 3 e decade | ||||
| Primidi | 1. | Tourbe (peat) Neige (snow) |
11. | Granite (granite) poix (pitch) |
21st | Pierre à plâtre (plaster) Grès (sandstone) |
| Duodi | 2. | Houille (coal) ice cream (ice cream) |
12. | Argile (clay) Térébenthine (turpentine) |
22nd | Sel (salt) Silex (flint) |
| Tridi | 3. | Bitume (asphalt) Miel (honey) |
13. | Ardoise (slate) Argile (clay) |
23. | Fer (iron) mercury (mercury) |
| Quartidi | 4th | Soufre (sulfur) Cire (wax) |
14th | Grès (sandstone) Marne (marl) |
24. | Cuivre (copper) plomb (lead) |
| Quintidi | 5. | Chien (dog) | 15th | Lapin (rabbit) | 25th | Chat (cat) |
| Sextidi | 6th | Lave (Lava) Fumier (Dung) |
16. | Silex (flint) plâtre (plaster) |
26th | Etain (tin) |
| Septidi | 7th | Terre végétale (humus) Pétrole (petroleum) |
17th | Marne (marl) Pierre à chaux (limestone) |
27. | Plomb (lead) Cuivre (copper) |
| Octidi | 8th. | Fumier (dung) Houille (coal) |
18th | Pierre à chaux (limestone) Ardoise (slate) |
28. | Zinc (zinc) Fer (iron) |
| Nonidi | 9. | Salpêtre (saltpeter) Résine (resin) |
19th | Marbre (marble) Sable (sand) |
29 | Mercure (Mercury) Sel (Salt) |
| Décadi | 10. | Fléau (flail) | 20th | Van (horse cart) | 30th | Crible (grain sieve) |
| Fabre d'Églantine proposals that were not accepted appear in lower case | ||||||
Conversion table
| Conversion table between the Republican and Gregorian calendar for the month "Nivôse" |
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Conversion example
The 3rd level IX is to be determined .
The year IX is in the middle table, below the Gregorian years 1800 and 1801. Under the 3rd (top line of the day) is the 24. Since this is before the month transition (31st → 1st), December is meant. Since the date is before the year transition, the smaller year ( 1800 ) is meant.
So the Gregorian date is December 24th, 1800 .
See also: Conversion table between Gregorian and Republican calendars .
Web links
- Facsimile winter months of the year II
- Facsimile military calendar of the year VIII
- Plant names internationally
Individual evidence
- ^ Entry "Nivôse" , in Trésor de la langue française informatisé .