Upper class

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Upper class
City of Freystadt
Coordinates: 49 ° 8 ′ 20 ″  N , 11 ° 21 ′ 19 ″  E
Height : 428 m above sea level NHN
Residents : 78  (Dec 31, 2009)
Postal code : 92342
Area code : 08469
Obernricht am Röschberg
Obernricht am Röschberg

Obernricht is a district of Freystadt in the Upper Palatinate district of Neumarkt in Upper Palatinate in Bavaria .

Place name interpretation

"Obernricht" is a clearing name, from "Ruit / Riut / Reut" became "-richt". "Obern-" is different from "Nieder" -richt, today's Schmellnricht, and describes the higher clearing.

location

The row village is located southwest at the foot of the 564  m above sea level. NHN rising Röschberg and west of the 559 meter high Kesselberg . It can be reached through three communal roads; one leads from Burggriesbach in the south to Obernricht, the other two lead from Obernricht to the west and to the northwest to the NM 5 district road. Two agricultural roads lead up to 508 meters into the hollow between the two elevations and encircle a source stream leading to Obernricht , which is piped in the village and after merging with another spring stream south of the village finally flows in a north-westerly direction to the Schwarzach .

history

In 1879 a burial mound was uncovered in the corridor between Burggriesbach and Obernricht; eleven other barrows from the Hallstatt period had already been improperly excavated.

The first documentary evidence of Obernricht can be found for February 5, 1249. In this document, the Eichstätter Bishop Heinrich confirmed to the Cistercian monastery Seligenporten the possession of three farms in "Ruit" as part of the basic equipment of the monastery. In 1284 Berthold von Mässingen (= Obermässing) bequeathed an estate to “Riut” to the Teutonic Order; however, three years later, Count Gebhard von Hirschberg achieved that "Ruth" was awarded to him. By 1377 at the latest, the Cistercian monastery owned four courtyards in Obernricht, over which the monastery also exercised lower jurisdiction. The bailiwick, originally a fiefdom of the Counts of Hirschberg, was presumably transferred to the rule of Jettenhofen ; When the Hirschberg Counts died out in 1305, part of the Jettenhofen possessions came to Bavaria, which sold the disputed estates in 1586 to the Eichstätt Monastery . In the meantime, as evidenced for 1477, the taverns of Geyern owned five farmsteads in Obernricht as Bavarian fiefdoms, which passed into other hands in 1491. Eichstätter fief claims on the four farms and two Sölden were not enforceable. Only the purchase in 1586 by the Eichstätter Bishop Martin von Schaumberg solved the disputed question.

Probably some farmhouses in Obernricht perished during the Landshut War of Succession in 1504. The Thirty Years' War also affected Obernricht, especially in the war years 1632 to 1634. The Jettenhofer tax register from 1642 writes in Obernricht: “nihil” (= nothing), the properties were barren. Only in 1644 was a court occupied again. In 1658 five of the Eichstatt estates were occupied again. One of the Seligenportener farms was still deserted in 1695.

The high jurisdiction over Obernricht was disputed for a long time between the Hochstift and Kurbayern with its Neumarkt office; An agreement was only achieved through the ratification of the State Treaty between Eichstätt and Bavaria on January 30, 1767. With the contract, Obernricht was awarded to the state sovereign Bavaria, while the manorial rights and the lower jurisdiction of the Eichstätter goods remained with the Lower Hochstift.

According to a stock book from 1786 of the Eichstätt-Hochstiftischen Hofmark Thannhausen , the Hochstift Eichstätt in Obernricht owned seven land holdings, namely two whole farms, two half farms, one 1/8 estate and two 1/16 estates each. These were subordinate to the Jettenhofen caste office in Eichstätt, which was also responsible for the administration of Hofmark Thannhausen. In 1586 the von Hirnheim family , who held the office in Jettenhofen, had expired and the office had come to the bishopric. The monastery magistrate's office in Seligenporten (four estates) still owned land in Obernricht. The shepherd's house was Palatinate-New Burgess ; Several farmers from Obernricht owned - for example in 1771 - property that was valid and subject to interest in the soul chapel in Günching . In addition, the Eichstätter cathedral chapter owned "some real estate" in the Obernricht corridor; the relevant box of the cathedral chapter was in Berching . At the head of the village - as can be proven in 1567 - there was a four-man. The municipality had from very early times a forest of 65 Tagwerken .

Around 1800, at the end of the Old Kingdom , the village comprised eleven households, plus the shepherd's house. An economy on one of the properties mentioned in 1753 no longer existed at that time. The Kingdom of Bavaria put an end to its independence for the municipality of Obernricht; in 1808 it became part of the Großberghausen tax district , which in 1811 became the Großberghausen rural community . The municipal edict of 1818 formed the rural community of Schmellnricht in the Neumarkt district court from Obernricht, the wilderness of Fuchsmühle and the villages of Höfen and Schmellnricht , and from 1827 in the Beilngries district court and district office . This was not the end of the community formation for Obernricht: On June 23, 1831, Obernricht, Höfen and the Fuchsmühle were separated from Schmellnricht and merged to form the rural community of Höfen in the district court (and later district) Beilngries. In 1830, 60 people lived in the twelve properties in Obernricht, compared with 73 in 1900 and 1950. In the summer of 1849 a hailstorm destroyed the entire harvest, whereupon calls for donations were permitted by the Royal Ministry of the Interior to alleviate the hardship. In 1871 two horses and 72 head of cattle were kept in the village.

In 1908 a water supply system was built in Obernricht . This meant that the place had running water earlier than other villages in the area. After a fire in the shepherd's house, a new shepherd's house was built in 1912 on the southwestern edge of the village. This was later bought by the last village shepherd . Around 1925 Obernricht was connected to the power supply; Initially, however, only two weak light bulbs could be operated per house.

After World War II , the American administration tried to form larger parishes that should be about the size of parishes. For this reason, Obernricht was added to the municipality of Burggriesbach from 1945. However, this incorporation did not prove itself, so that almost two years later the original community was formed from Höfen and Obernricht.

1957 began with the drainage of the Obernricht corridor. In the course of this measure, the open trench that had previously flowed through the village was also piped. The completion of the entire drainage system lasted until 1964. In autumn 1964 the land consolidation was tackled, which was completed in 1972 with the accounting. Street lighting was then installed. Problems were caused by the division of the community forest, in which the eleven properties, the so-called lawyers , had usage rights. These should be lifted and the plots divided up for them; this procedure was carried out from 1965 to 1980.

With the regional reform in Bavaria, the municipality of Höfen was dissolved and Obernricht was incorporated into the town of Freystadt in the Upper Palatinate district of Neumarkt on July 1, 1972. In 1987 the village had grown to 15 residential buildings with a total of 18 apartments.

After the water supply system from 1908 was in need of renovation, the local residents decided to connect to the Freystädter water supply system. In 1989 the new facility was built and at the end a village well was built, which is fed with water from the old system.

Population development

  • 1830: 60
  • 1871: 59
  • 1900: 73
  • 1937: 59
  • 1950: 73
  • 1961: 58
  • 1970: 57
  • 1987: 62

Church conditions

Ten lords in Obernricht were the Rebdorf monastery since 1309, the Plankstetten monastery (proven for 1392) and the Eichstätt monastery itself, which awarded its tithes several times to different fiefs. Like all other monastic and high esteem possessions, these tithe rights were transferred to the new Kingdom of Bavaria (1806) as a result of secularization . Ecclesiastically, the village belonged to the Sulzkirchen parish, which had been incorporated into the Plankstetten monastery since 1183, and then to the Forchheim parish , after the Reformation had been introduced there in 1540 by the Neumarkt mayor's office in the Palatinate . In 1580 Forchheim was elevated to a - Calvinist - parish. After the Counter-Reformation (1625), Obernricht, together with Lauterbach , Schmellnricht and Höfen, was assigned to the Catholic parish of Burggriesbach in 1706, and again to the Catholic parish of Forchheim, which had been Catholic since the Counter-Reformation, in 1805. In 1885 the parish was re-established in Burggriesbach, where the children also went to school.

In “earlier times” (documented for 1709) Obernricht celebrated its own parish fair for “Jakobi”; however, it is unclear which church this referred to, as the village itself did not have a sacred building. The current local chapel was only built in 1836/37. It contains a "dainty" baroque altar from around 1700, which probably comes from Abenberg . Instead of an altarpiece, it shows a carved group of the Assumption of Mary and, in the upper excerpt, St. Trinity with angels; the two coats of arms could not yet be assigned.

Towards the end of the 1970s, the chapel was broken into and seven figures and the altar cross were stolen. This break-in could not be resolved. The Trinity Group was added again.

Architectural monuments

In addition to the local chapel, the farmhouse number 2 is a monument; it is a residential stable from the 18th / 19th centuries. Century.

See also list of architectural monuments in Freystadt # Obernricht

Personalities

  • Dr. phil. Felix Mader (born November 28, 1867 in Obernricht, † August 16, 1941), priest of the Eichstätt diocese and art historian in the service of the Kingdom of Bavaria, authoritative editor of the Bavarian inventory of art monuments

literature

  • Franz Xaver Buchner: The diocese of Eichstätt. Volume I: Eichstätt 1937, Volume II: Eichstätt 1938
  • Bernhard Heinloth (editor): Historical Atlas of Bavaria. Part Old Bavaria, Issue 16: Neumarkt , Munich 1967
  • Gerhard Hirschmann: Historical Atlas of Bavaria. Part of Franconia. Row I, Issue 6. Eichstätt. Beilngries-Eichstätt-Greding. Munich 1959
  • Upper class . In: Felix Mader : History of the southern Seglau. (Former Eichstättisches Amt Jettenhofen) (Burggriesbach parish) , special print from the collection sheet of the Eichstätt Historical Association 1937, pp. 126–141
  • Johann Caspar Bundschuh : Geographical Statistical-Topographical Lexicon of Franconia; 4th volume, Ulm 1801

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Mader, p. 126
  2. ↑ Collection sheet of the Histor. Eichstätt Association 46/47 (1931/32), p. 5
  3. ↑ [1] geoportal.bayern.de
  4. ↑ Collection sheet of the Histor. Eichstätt Association 53 (1937), p. 4
  5. ↑ Mader, p. 135
  6. ↑ Mader, pp. 135-137
  7. ↑ Mader, p. 127 f .; Heinloth, p. 273, note 79 f.
  8. ↑ Mader, pp. 128, 137
  9. ↑ Heinloth, pp. 114, 201, 239; Hirschmann, p. 38
  10. ↑ Heinloth, p. 201
  11. ↑ Heinloth, p. 250; Hirschmann, p. 78
  12. ↑ a b Buchner I, p. 123
  13. ↑ Heinloth, pp. 248, 273
  14. ↑ Mader, p. 138 f.
  15. ↑ Mader, p. 140
  16. ↑ a b c Mader, p. 141
  17. ↑ Bundschuh IV, Col. 207
  18. ↑ a b Hirschmann, p. 214
  19. ^ Donau-Zeitung Passau of February 10, 1850
  20. ↑ a b Kgl. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to districts, administrative districts, court districts and municipalities, including parish, school and post office affiliation ... with an alphabetical general register containing the population according to the results of the census of December 1, 1875 . Adolf Ackermann, Munich 1877, 2nd section (population figures from 1871, cattle figures from 1873), Sp. 1158 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00052489-4 ( digitized ).
  21. ↑ a b Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB  94240937X , p. 258 ( digitized version ).
  22. ↑ K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Directory of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria, with alphabetical register of places . LXV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1904, Section II, Sp. 808 ( digitized version ).
  23. ↑ Buchner I, p. 125
  24. ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria - edited on the basis of the census of September 13, 1950 . Issue 169 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1952, DNB  453660975 , Section II, Sp. 700 ( digitized version ).
  25. ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official city directory for Bavaria, territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census . Issue 260 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1964, DNB  453660959 , Section II, Sp. 518 ( digitized version ).
  26. ^ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria . Issue 335 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1973, DNB  740801384 , p. 121 ( digitized version ).
  27. ↑ Mader, pp. 139 f .; Heinloth, p. 313; Collecting sheet of the Histor. Eichstätt Association 53 (1937), pp. 71-73; Buchner I, pp. 124, 334
  28. ↑ Collection sheet of the Histor. Eichstätt Association 53 (1937), p. 63
  29. ^ Friedrich Hermann Hofmann and Felix Mader (arrangement): The art monuments of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Administrative regions of Upper Palatinate and Regensburg. XII. District Office Beilngries, I. District Court Beilngries , Munich 1908, p. 110

Web links

Commons : Obernricht (Freystadt)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files