Schmellnricht

Schmellnricht City of Freystadt Coordinates: 49 ° 7 ′ 48 ″  N , 11 ° 20 ′ 4 ″  E
Height :	401 m above sea level NHN
Residents :	126  (1987)
Incorporation :	July 1, 1972
Postal code :	92342
Area code :	08469
Schmellnricht from a western perspective

Local chapel "Mater dolorosa"

A property in Schmellnricht from 1919

Schmellnricht is a district of Freystadt in the Neumarkt district in Upper Palatinate in Bavaria .

Place name interpretation

"Schmellnricht" (formerly also "Schmelariedt / Schmalenried / Smelfried / Schmellgerreit / Schmellenricht") is a clearing name, composed of "reur / richt" for "Reutung, clearing" and the Middle High German word "smele" for "Schmelchen / Schmalheit", perhaps related to long-stemmed, thin grass. In distinction to the nearby village of Obernricht , the place name “Niederried / Nyderreut / Untere Reut called Niederreut / Niederricht” appears until the 18th century.

location

The row village is 401  m above sea level. NHN and east of the Schwarzach am Stubengraben , a left tributary of the Schwarzach. The district road NM 5 runs through the village, from which a community road branches off in the south of the village to the Freystädter Lauterbach district, which is about a kilometer away and 50 meters higher .

history

The place is mentioned for the first time in 1389, when Heinrich Schenk von Geyern zu Jettenhofen from the Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach received "the Nieder Reut and the Holtz, called Swal" as a fief after he had previously transferred this property, his "eygen", to Brandenburg- Ansbach had sold. The investiture repeated in 1410, 1414 and 1441. According to a Jette Hofener Salburch of 1491 dealt it by 13 subjects, one of them in addition to his good half Hube had. In the first half of the 16th century, the lords of Hirnheim , who had their seat at Jettenhofen Castle , came into this possession. When the family died out in 1585, Schmellnricht fell as a settled fiefdom to the margrave and from that point on belonged to the Brandenburg office of Stauf . These goods - three courtyards and ten Köbler goods - bought the Eichstätter Bishop Johann Konrad von Gemmingen from the intermediate owner (1610/11) Karl von Birkholz on 1 January 1612. The Eichstätt- hochstiftische Office Jette Hofen was in order for the Hofmark Thannhausen responsible to who now owned the 13 Eichstätter Grundholden in Schmellnricht. In the Thirty Years' War most of the Schmellnricht farms became desolate; In 1644, of the 13 subjects, only two farmers and three day laborers were left on small estates.

Possession in Schmellnricht can also be proven for the Wolfstein family at the Niedersulzbürg fortress . In 1713 it is said that the mill, three farms and a drip house are Sulzburger. These subjects passed from Sulzbuerg to Bavaria. In 1713 a Palatinate-Neuburgian subject for Schmellnricht can be proven; In 1729 his Söldengut belongs to the Lords of (Hilpolt-) Stein .

In the dispute over the high judiciary , the Hochstift Eichstätt concluded a state treaty on January 30, 1767 with the canton of Bavaria , which invoked the earlier bailiwick rights of Count Gebhard von Hirschberg, who died out in 1305, over the office of Jettenhofen admitted via Schmellnricht Kurbayern and thus the mayor's office in Neumarkt. The manorial rights and the lower jurisdiction remained with the caste office Jettenhofen of the lower bishopric. According to a warehouse book from 1786 of Hofmark Thannhausen, the now 17 Eichstätter Grundholden in Schmellnricht had the following possessions at that time: three half farms, six 1/8 estate and four 1/16 estate. In addition, four “Leerhäusl” were calibrated. In 1781 the Hochstift in Schmellnricht built an administrator's house for the Hofmark, which became an inn after the secularization . Towards the end of the Old Kingdom , two courtyards, three at 1/8, six at 1/12 and five at 1/16 were fully calibrated. In addition, the Hilpoltstein nursing office in the village owned 1/16 estate, the Sulzbürg cabinet rulers 1/4 estate, 1/8 estate and two 1/32 estates. The communal property was a shepherd's house.

After the Principality of Ansbach fell to the Crown of Prussia in 1792 , the new sovereign tried to regain old legal claims that the Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach had ceded to the Prince-Bishop of Eichstätt. The relevant dispute over Schmellnricht was not yet resolved when, as a result of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss in Regensburg, the Eichstätt Monastery fell to the Electorate of Bavaria in 1802 and to the new Kingdom of Bavaria in 1806 . In 1803 the Neumarkt District Court, to which the municipality of Schmellnricht was assigned, became the Neumarkt District Court. When the tax districts were formed in 1808/09, Schmellnricht was added to the Großberghausen tax district, which in 1811 became the Großberghausen rural community . It did not last long: the community edict of 1818 formed the political community Schmellnricht in the Neumarkt district court from Schmellnricht and the villages of Höfen and Obernricht and the desert of Fuchsmühle . This affiliation did not last long either: On October 9, 1827, Schmellnricht was removed from the Neumarkt district court and subordinated to the Beilngries district court and rent office (later district office, then district). Finally Schmellnricht lost its municipal status in 1857 and was assigned to the Lauterbach rural community in the Burggriesbach tax district .

Schmellnricht's agriculture was not insignificant: in 1875 the 108 inhabitants kept nine horses and 119 head of cattle; At that time there was only one other horse in the Lauterbach community, namely in Lauterbach itself.

With the regional reform in Bavaria , the municipality of Lauterbach was dissolved and Schmellnricht was incorporated into the town of Freystadt in the Upper Palatinate district of Neumarkt on July 1, 1972.

Population development

• 1840: 130 (24 houses, 1 mill)
• 1868: 119 (46 buildings)
• 1875: 108 (99 buildings)
• 1900: 110 (25 residential buildings)
• 1937: 112
• 1961: 126 (24 apartments)
• 1978: 133
• 1987: 126 (35 residential buildings, 38 apartments)

Catholic chapel Mater Dolorosa

The chapel was built in 1887 by the local community; The diocese of Eichstätt had given permission for this the year before. It was equipped with a two-column baroque altar (around 1700), which was bought from Allersberg . The altar panel shows a pietà .

Ecclesiastically, the village belonged to the Sulzkirchen parish, which had been incorporated into the Plankstetten monastery since 1183, and was evidently parish there with Lauterbach after the establishment of the Burggriesbach parish. In 1580 Schmellnricht came to the Calvin parish of Forchheim , where the Reformation had been introduced in 1540 by the Electoral Palatinate Mayor's Office in Neumarkt . After the Counter Reformation (1625) Schmellnricht was assigned to the Catholic parish Burggriesbach together with Obernricht, Lauterbach and Höfen in 1705/06 and again to the Catholic parish of Forchheim, which had been Catholic since the Counter Reformation in 1805. In 1925 Schmellnricht was reintroduced into the parish of Burggriesbach, where the children also went to school.

Architectural monuments

In addition to the local chapel, the Schmellnricht B 14 farmhouse is a listed building; it is a residential stable from the 18th / 19th centuries. Century with a mid-19th century oven.

Also worth seeing is a house from 1919 near the local chapel.

See also : List of architectural monuments in Freystadt # Schmellnricht

literature

• Franz Xaver Buchner: The diocese of Eichstätt. Volume I: Eichstätt 1937, Volume II: Eichstätt 1938
• Bernhard Heinloth (editor): Historical Atlas of Bavaria. Part Old Bavaria, Issue 16: Neumarkt , Munich 1967
• Gerhard Hirschmann: Historical Atlas of Bavaria. Part of Franconia. Row I, Issue 6. Eichstätt. Beilngries-Eichstätt-Greding. Munich 1959
• Schmellnricht . In: Felix Mader : History of the southern Seglau. (Former Eichstättisches Amt Jettenhofen) (Burggriesbach parish) , special print from the collection sheet of the Eichstätt Historical Association 1937, pp. 148–156

Web links

Commons : Schmellnricht  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ Matthias Lexer's Middle High German Pocket Dictionary , 33rd edition, Stuttgart 1972, p. 199; Karl Kugler: Explanation of a thousand place names of the Altmühlalp and its surroundings. An attempt, Eichstätt 1873: Verlag der Krüll'schen Buchhandlung, p. 112
2. ↑ Mader, p. 5
3. ↑ [1] Schmellnricht on geoportal.bayern.de
4. ↑ Mader, p. 150
5. ↑ Mader, p. 150
6. ↑ Mader, p. 151
7. ↑ Hirschmann, pp. 31, 161; Mader, pp. 49, 149 f.
8. ↑ Heinloth, p. 114; Mader, p. 150
9. ↑ Mader, p. 151
10. ↑ Heinloth, p. 95; Mader, p. 153
11. ↑ Hirschmann, pp. 38, 78; Heinloth, pp. 114, 201, 239
12. ↑ Heinloth, p. 201
13. ↑ Mader, pp. 149, 153
14. ↑ Heinloth, p. 279
15. ↑ Hirschmann, pp. 161 f., 166
16. ↑ Hirschmann, pp. 214, 216
17. ↑ Kgl. Statistical Bureau in Munich (edit.): Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria , Munich 1876, column 1158
18. ↑ Max Siebert: The Kingdom of Bavaria presented topographically and statistically in lexicographical and tabular form , Munich 1840, p. 367
19. ^ Joseph Heyberger, Chr. Schmitt, v. Wachter: Topographical-statistical manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria with an alphabetical local dictionary . In: K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Bavaria. Regional and folklore of the Kingdom of Bavaria . tape 5 . Literary and artistic establishment of the JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, Munich 1867, Sp. 993 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10374496-4 ( digitized ).
20. ↑ Kgl. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to districts, administrative districts, court districts and municipalities, including parish, school and post office affiliation ... with an alphabetical general register containing the population according to the results of the census of December 1, 1875 . Adolf Ackermann, Munich 1877, section 3, p. 1158 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00052489-4 ( digitized ).
21. ↑ K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Directory of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria, with alphabetical register of places . LXV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1904, Section II, Sp. 809 ( digitized version ).
22. ↑ Buchner I, p. 125
23. ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official city directory for Bavaria, territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census . Issue 260 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1964, DNB  453660959 , Section II, Sp. 518 ( digitized version ).
24. ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 1, 1978 . Issue 380 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich December 1978, DNB  790598426 , p. 121 ( digitized version ).
25. ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB  94240937X , p. 258 ( digitized version ).
26. ↑ Buchner I, pp. 124, 126; Mader, p. 156; Friedrich Hermann Hofmann and Felix Mader (arr.): The art monuments of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Administrative regions of Upper Palatinate and Regensburg. XII. District Office Beilngries, I. District Court Beilngries , Munich 1908, p. 144 f.
27. ↑ Buchner I, pp. 123-125