German Association of Philologists
| German Association of Philologists (DPhV) |
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|---|---|
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| legal form | registered association |
| founding | 1903 |
| Seat | Berlin |
| purpose | labor union |
| Chair | Susanne Lin-Klitzing |
| Members | 90,000 (2010) |
| Website | dphv.de |
The German Philologists Association (DPhV) is a trade union association of teachers at schools and other educational institutions who prepare for the Abitur . It was founded in Halle in 1903 . The main task of the DPhV is to represent its members in vocational and educational policy issues. As a pure umbrella organization , the DPhV has no direct individual membership; the teachers are affiliated to it through the 15 regional associations. According to its own statements, the DPhV in 2010 included around 90,000 teachers in civil servant and salaried positions . Through its membership in the DBB Beamtenbund and collective bargaining union , the DPhV also represents its members in questions of salary and collective agreements. The association magazine is called Profil - the magazine for high school and society . She superseded The High School , which appeared since 1947 , in 1994 .
tasks and goals
The DPhV states that its main goals are:
- maintaining the structured school system,
- quality assurance in high school education,
- securing the future of the civil servant relationship for teachers,
- the creation of performance-based regulations on salaries and promotions,
- the improvement of the employment conditions for the next generation of teachers,
- improving the working environment at school,
- the assurance of a qualified and school-type-related teacher training, which is seen as a prerequisite for performance-oriented and talented teaching.
history
precursor
On the occasion of the anniversary of Göttingen University , an association of German philologists and school men was founded on September 20, 1837 under the chairmanship of Alexander von Humboldt and at the suggestion of Valentin Rost and Friedrich Thiersch with the purpose of promoting the study of philology , languages and things to embrace with equal thoroughness, to develop more and more the method of teaching, to draw science out of the dispute between schools. In this sense, the association has held annual meetings since 1838, which took place alternately in northern, central and southern Germany. The lectures held there were then published. At the Hamburg assembly in 1905 ten sections were formed: the philological, educational, archaeological, Germanic, historical-epigraphic, Romanistic, English, Indo-European, mathematical-scientific and oriental. The last meeting took place in Trier in 1934.
Further associations emerged in the last quarter of the 19th century in a dispute between humanists and realists over the direction of higher education . The German Realschulmännerverein was established in 1876 to represent the interests of the secondary schools , and its members came not only from the teaching staff, but also from the urban business class. To ward off the reform efforts in Prussia , the German Gymnasium Association was established in 1890 , in which the headmasters and teachers of humanistic gymnasiums were organized; Oskar Jäger presided , the association magazine was Das humanistische Gymnasium .
Foundation of the philologists' associations in the German Empire
In addition to these professional and school-political-oriented associations, professional associations for teachers at secondary schools were established in all states of the German Empire in the last third of the 19th century. Bavaria started in 1863 ( Bavarian Philologists Association ).
In Prussia, where the academically trained teachers were officially called senior teachers , they formed provincial associations in the 1870s / 80s to protect their professional interests, which soon worked together in the Prussian delegates' conference . The initiative came primarily from the teachers at higher secondary schools or at city schools, who were paid less than their colleagues at state grammar schools and therefore placed particular value on effective lobbying. By 1885 about two thirds of the academically trained teachers at the higher schools in Prussia had joined the philologists' associations. Until the mid-1890s, however, hardly any of the directors belonged to the organization referred to as a strike club . At the lower level of the school hierarchy, in turn, an association of non-permanent assistant teachers was established in 1891/92, who did not feel adequately represented by the philological associations in their material need at the height of the overcrowding crisis at that time. When the overcrowding of the higher teaching post subsided, however, the Prussian Philologists' Association managed to integrate the assistant teachers as well as the directors on the other side. Soon after the turn of the century, around 95% of all philologists were members of the professional organization, and this hardly changed until the end of the Weimar Republic.
In the other states of the German Empire, too, such philologists' associations were established by the turn of the century. Thus, on October 6, 1903, in Halle (Saale), the association of academically educated teachers in Germany was founded as an umbrella organization , which was renamed the German Philologist Association (DPhV) in 1921. Its press organ was the Deutsche Philologenblatt , which until 1911 had been called the correspondence sheet for academically educated teachers .
Its extraordinarily high level of organization contributed to the fact that the philologists' association was still able to achieve its most important goals while still in the empire. His aim was to create a uniform professional status across school type boundaries according to educational background, job title and ranking and to equate it with the other academic professional groups (judges, etc.) in terms of rank and salary. In 1909, equality with the judges was achieved in Prussia and soon afterwards in other countries as well. The historian Otto Hintze came to the conclusion in 1911: “None of the higher professions has achieved as many successes in the last generation as that of the senior teacher; it is in large part a result of their strong organization and the emphatic representation of their professional interests. "
Weimar Republic and National Socialism
In the Weimar Republic, on the other hand, the philologists who had previously been so successful in terms of professional policy saw themselves being pushed on the defensive by the up-and-coming elementary school teachers. On the Reich school conference in 1920 succeeded the Association chaired by the Berlin Real headmaster Paul Mellmann after all, unit education efforts of the Federal Resolute school reformers and other education reformers rejected, and education policymakers in favor of a differentiated school system. With the introduction of the four-year elementary school in 1920, a shortening of the secondary school was also under discussion, which would have had a welcome saving effect due to the inflation at the time . In contrast, the Philologists' Association successfully stuck to the traditional nine-year duration of the grammar school, which meant regular schooling up to the Abitur of 13 years, but at the same time campaigned for talented pupils to complete elementary school in three years.
In the debate about the structure of the higher education system, the association advocated adding a system of elective subjects to a compulsory core area of subjects in order to enable individual focus areas. But the Richert grammar school reform of 1924/25 in Prussia stuck to the historically grown type of higher school and even added another one: the German Oberschule, the main focus of which was on German-language subjects. The idea of a “German educational unit” served as the educational theoretical basis of the reform. In 1930, against the backdrop of the global economic crisis, the Prussian Ministry of Finance again pursued the plan to shorten the secondary school by one year. On the other hand, at a large rally in November 1930, several professional associations of academics under the leadership of the Philologists' Association turned against the cancellation of a school year. In return, however, there was a drastic reduction in the timetable in the following year.
The end of the philologists' association began in March 1933, before the basis for the final National Socialist seizure of power was laid with the Enabling Act of March 24, 1933 . A week earlier, chairman Felix Wilhelm Behrend was attacked and mistreated by the SA because of his Jewish origins and had to declare his resignation. The chairman of the National Socialist Teachers 'Association , Hans Schemm, energetically pushed all teachers' associations into line in a "German Educational Community" dominated by primary school teachers, which was solemnly founded on June 8, 1933 in Magdeburg. The philologists 'association under its new chairman and a few other teachers' associations resisted this and formed a second community of educators in December 1933 under the patronage of Reich Interior Minister Wilhelm Frick . However, Schemm prevailed in the inner-party power struggle, so that the philologists' association finally had to dissolve itself in June 1936 after its body had been banned the year before.
After 1945
_1981_(Kiel_70.014).jpg)
After the Second World War, the DPhV was revived in the west; in the east it was not re-established until 1990. With the introduction of the term Gymnasium for all schools leading to higher education, the DPhV became the interest group for all gymnasium teachers, regardless of the subjects they taught . He kept the designation German Philologists Association until now, although philologists have long been clearly in the minority.
The association is committed to maintaining the three-tier school system, especially for the existence of the grammar school from the 5th grade. He also adheres to different levels of teacher pay.
Past and current chairmen
- 1903–1904: Rudolf Block
- 1904–1906: Prof. Baetgen
- 1906–1908: Prof. Wernicke
- 1908–1910: Dir. Callsen
- 1910–1912: Prof. Poland
- 1912–1914: Dr. Degenhardt
- 1914–1919: Prof. Buchrucker
- 1919–1929: Paul Mellmann
- 1929–1933: Felix Wilhelm Behrend
- 1933–1934: Rudolf Bohm
- 1934–1935: Kurt Schwedtke
- 1935–1936: Prof. Philipp
- (1936 dissolution of the association, re-establishment in 1947)
- 1947–1950: Jakob Erdmann
- 1950–1957: Robert Monjé
- 1957–1961: Walter Dederich
- 1961–1980: Franz Ebner
- 1980–1992: Bernhard Fluck
- 1992–2002: Heinz Durner
- 2002–2003: Peter Heesen
- 2004–2017: Heinz-Peter Meidinger
- Since 2017: Susanne Lin-Klitzing
literature
- 80 Years of the German Association of Philologists , in: The higher school 37 (1984), pp. 217–226 and 282–292.
- Rainer Bölling : Social history of the German teachers. An overview from 1800 to the present, Göttingen 1983.
- Bernhard Fluck : High school, mission, progress: German Association of Philologists and High School in the 19th and 20th centuries . Pedagogy and University Publishing House, Düsseldorf 2003.
- Lothar Kunz: Higher School and Philologists Association. Studies on the history of secondary schools and their professional organization in the 19th century and during the Weimar Republic, Frankfurt / Main 1984.
- Hans-Christoph Laubach: The policy of the philologists' association in the German Reich and in Prussia during the Weimar Republic. The teachers at secondary schools with university education in the political and social area of tension of school policy from 1918–1933, Frankfurt a. M./Bern/New York 1986
- Paul Mellmann : History of the German Association of Philologists (Association of Academically Educated Teachers in Germany) up to the World War , Leipzig 1929.
- Sebastian Müller-Rolli: The higher teaching level in the 19th century. The founding process of the Philologists Association , Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 1992.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Peter Aufgebauer : Jubilation - Protest - Philology: the founding of the “Association of German Philologists and School Men” in Göttingen in 1837. In: Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte , Volume 82, 2010, pp. 95–110; ISSN 0078-0561 .
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↑ Wikisource: Philologists' Assembly - Sources and full texts
- ↑ https://scripta.bbf.dipf.de/viewer/object/027061086_0020/8/
- ↑ Otto Hintze, Officials and Bureaucracy, ed. by K. Krüger, Göttingen 1981, p. 63
- ↑ Felix Behrend, The future of German higher education, Breslau 1925
- ↑ https://scripta.bbf.dipf.de/viewer/object/027061086_0039/321/
- ↑ https://scripta.bbf.dipf.de/viewer/image/027061086_0039/305/LOG_0175/
- ↑ The DPhV leaflet on teachers' salaries (PDF; 1.9 MB)
- ↑ Ekkehard Meier, Whoever strives to make an effort… Kurt Schwedtke - a German civil service career, in: Gerd Radde u. a. (Ed.), School Reform - Continuities and Breaks. Das Versuchsfeld Berlin-Neukölln, Volume I: 1912 to 1945, Opladen 1993, pp. 330-345.
- ↑ https://arcinsys.hessen.de/arcinsys/detailAction?detailid=v3762688
- ^ Heinz Durner: An educational designer of care. In: profil-dphv.de. May 1, 2015, accessed May 1, 2020 (page 35).
- ^ A b Peter Heesen elected as the new chairman of the philologists' association. In: profil-dphv.de. Retrieved May 1, 2020 .
- ^ Chairman of the German Association of Philologists. www.br.de, September 30, 2014, accessed March 7, 2020 .
- ↑ DPhV Chairman Heinz-Peter Meidinger elected President of the German Teachers' Association by a large majority. www.dphv.de, May 17, 2017, accessed March 7, 2020 .
- ↑ Board of Directors. www.dphv.de, accessed on March 7, 2020 .
