German police union

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German Police Union in the DBB
(DPolG)
logo
founding August 18, 1951
Seat Berlin
main emphasis Union for employees of the German police
Chair Rainer Wendt
Members about 100,000
Website www.dpolg.de

The German Police Union in the DBB ( DPolG ) is a German trade union in the German Association of Officials (DBB). It represents the legal, economic, social and professional interests of its members around their service or employment in the public service. Its members are police officers , employees of public order offices as well as employees in the police service and other country-specific or municipal regulatory authorities . Its membership has been over 100,000 since 2018, making it the second largest German police union after the police union (GdP, 194,926 members, as of 2019). The representative seat of the DPolG federal executive is Berlin .

Volunteers of the DPolG with vehicle on the Day of German Unity in Kiel 2019

history

Formation of the police unions in the German Reich

After the founding of the empire in 1871, police clubs were set up in various parts of Germany, with the tolerance of the empire. Their purpose was to maintain camaraderie and loyalty to the emperor. The practical purpose was to maintain death benefit funds as social security. Impulses for the development of the association into an interest representation came from Berlin. The efforts of policemen like Franz Fuhrmann in 1913 to found an interest group were exemplarily answered by rejecting the founding application and transferring punishments.

This was followed by secret meetings of various small police associations under the direction of Ernst Schrader - the forefather of interest representation - who, through constant public discussions, softened the government's concerns against associations of Berlin's protection teams. On December 13, 1915, the Association of Comrades' Associations of the Royal Policemen of the State Police District Berlin e. V. founded with Schrader as a board member. From this, in a legal gray area, mostly illegally according to the understanding of the time, small police clubs under the leadership of the association spread throughout Prussia . This succeeded in spite of the raging First World War . In 1917 the association received official approval to organize itself throughout Prussia, legalizing police unions.

Foundation of the predecessor organization of today's DPolG

On May 13, 1919, the Reich Association of German Police Officers was established with Schrader as one of the founding members. This predecessor organization of the German Police Union changed its name in 1928 to the Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft Deutscher Polizeibeamter and in 1931 to the Reichsgewerkschaft Deutscher Polizeibeamter . With 117,125 members, the DPolG predecessor also joined the so-called Schrader Association .

Development of the police unions up to the seizure of power by the NSDAP

In his democratically neutral self- image , Ernst Schrader succeeded in further admitting the Federation of Municipal Police Officers of Prussia and the Central Association of Police Sergeants in the Association of Police Officers of Prussia. V. Schrader was also a member of the federal executive committee of the German Association of Officials . In terms of organization, Schrader reorganized its union as a unified union in 1920 into district, district, local and district groups, whereby the individual unions no longer existed side by side. Other interest groups such as the Prussian Police Office Association in 1923, the Association of Police Administration Service and the Association of Criminal Investigators and Inspectors in 1924 and the Association of Higher Detective Officers of Prussia in 1925 joined the so-called Schrader Association , resulting in an organization level of 80% of the Prussian Police officers led in 1930.

Due to the Prussian strike on July 20, 1932 and the continued consistent alignment of the Schrader Association and its subdivision units and boards by the NSDAP , April 27, 1933 was officially dissolved. All board members who were unable to escape were taken to concentration camps and most of them perished there. All civil servants' associations, including the DBB, also the predecessor organization of the DPolG, were now completely destroyed. The NSDAP formed its National Socialist Comradeship Association of German Police Officers as a puppet union, which lost its raison d'etre with the capitulation of the Third Reich .

Formation of the DPolG after 1945

After the Second World War , on August 18, 1951, the Bund Deutscher Polizeibeamter (BDP) was founded from existing regional police officers' associations . In contrast to the DGB , the police unions first had to convince the occupation troops that they posed no danger. At the same time, the BDP joined the German Association of Officials , a trade union umbrella organization committed to the public service, following the tradition from the founding years of the first interest groups from 1915.

When deciding in favor of the umbrella organization, the DGB, as a larger, private umbrella organization, was out of the question for various fundamental considerations and viewpoints. At that time the DGB demanded u. a. the abolition of the professional civil service , the nationalization of companies and the readiness of the BDP to follow up on a call to strike. The DGB also did not correspond to the party-political idea of ​​neutrality.

On April 14, 1966, the BDP was renamed the Police Union in the German Association of Officials (PDB) . As a reaction to the development of the European Union, the German Police Union was established in the German Association of Officials (DPolG) on January 17, 1987 in order to have a clear name in Europe that is growing together.

Structure and organizational structure

A DPolG vehicle.

structure

Since the regular police in Germany is a state matter, the German Police Union is divided into state associations. These have their headquarters in the so-called state office, which is located in the respective state capital except in Hesse ( Darmstadt ) and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania ( Güstrow ). For the Federal Police there has been a separate structure within the DPolG since October 2011.

Regional association Seat Chairperson
Bavaria Munich Rainer Nightingale
Baden-Württemberg Stuttgart Ralf Kusterer
Berlin Berlin Bodo Count Palatine
Brandenburg Potsdam Peter Neumann
Bremen Bremen Juern Schulze
Hamburg Hamburg Joachim Lenders
Hesse Darmstadt Engelbert Mesarec
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Guestrow Olaf Knoepken
Lower Saxony Hanover Patrick Seegers
North Rhine-Westphalia Dusseldorf Erich Rettinghaus
Rhineland-Palatinate Mainz Benno Langenberger
Saarland Saarbrücken Sascha everything
Saxony Dresden Cathleen Martin
Saxony-Anhalt Magdeburg Olaf Sendel
Thuringia Erfurt Jürgen Hoffmann
Schleswig-Holstein Kiel Torsten Gronau
Federal Police Berlin Heiko Teggatz

The governing body of the state association is the state management, which is composed of the state chairman, his deputies and the state treasurer. The state management is elected by the state delegates' day, which, depending on the state statutes, meets every four or five years and is made up of the elected district association representatives and other representatives.

The district associations form the next lower hierarchical level. The composition and structure of the district associations is based on the respective police structure of a federal state. A district association therefore has the personnel and territorial scope of the police authorities specified in each case (e.g. inspection, management, presidium). The district association is elected by the union members of the authority. Depending on the statutes, this takes place on a regular basis (usually once a year) at general meetings.

There are also some specially appointed members within a regional association. These include the legal protection officers (regulate matters of a disciplinary and criminal nature), the women's officers and members of the youth organization Young Police .

The officials are composed of police officers, trainees and retirees who belong to the police service of the respective federal state. In some cases, employees of the police administration are also members. Participation only ends in the event of intentional exit, death or exclusion.

Federal Police Union

The former DPolG Federal Police Association was led by the chairman Hans Joachim Zastrow . The main seat of this professional association within the DPolG was Lübeck . On October 7, 2011, the new DPolG Federal Police Union was founded in Berlin. The DPolG Federal Police Union is the merger of the Federal Police Section in the German Police Union (DPolG) and the Federal Police Union bgv.

Articles of Association and Financing

The set of rules includes statutes, in principle the statutes of the regional associations, to which all members must comply. Changes to the statutes are only made on the occasion of the meetings of the State Delegates' Day.

In general, the district associations are also allowed to issue their own statutes. There is no obligation for this.

The DPolG is financed in the respective regional associations through the annual membership fees. Other creditworthy sources are sponsors and donations.

Political classification

The DPolG is not bound by party politics or denominations. It works with all parties that are unconditionally committed to a free democratic basic order . The prevailing balance of power in the federal and state governments largely results in a dialogue with the SPD , CDU and the Greens . Compared to the police union, the DPolG is more strongly oriented towards law-and-order requirements, e.g. B. for the most extensive possible police investigative powers, is reflected in some of the articles in her magazine.

Young talent organization

The youth organization Young police are all DPolG members until 30 years of age.

tasks

The main task arises from its statutes as a trade union association. They represent the legal, social, cultural, economic and financial interests of their members. This is mainly the responsibility of the district associations, whereby the state boards / state management and state board members have a say in matters of general importance. This is broken down u. a. Conveying the interests of the members to the state management or their superiors, information about resolutions and innovations on the part of the state office as well as supplementary member support outside the welfare framework of the employer.

At the same time, the DPolG also represents the interests of the members in the state and nationwide framework, for example in the case of changes to the law relating to police officers. The union sometimes organizes industrial disputes with the increasing number of employees and similar actions and measures for the police officers with their strike ban based on the traditional principles of the civil service .

The framework program for the fulfillment of trade union tasks is generally decided by the respective state associations at the state executive board meetings, which are held 2 to 4 times a year.

Association memberships

The union is with representatives among others in the German Road Safety Council (DVR)

Foundation, endowment

The foundation of the German Police Union represents a sub-area of ​​the trade union work . The foundation is a humanitarian support project for members of public service providers (police, customs, justice, fire brigade, rescue service etc.). The aim is to support members of the police and other security authorities as well as their surviving dependents in addition to the services provided by the respective employer.

Federal Chairperson

  • 1951–1962 Kurt Fähnrich , criminal director, member of the Lower Saxony state parliament, member of the state advisory board of the Lower Saxony police
  • 1962–1968 Walter Seidel, Major in the Protection Police , Berlin State Association
  • 1968–1971 Jürgen Brockmann, Chief Police Commissioner, Hamburg Regional Association
  • 1971–1975 Johannes Zistel, Chief Police Commissioner, Berlin State Association
  • 1975–1991 Benedikt-Martin Gregg († January 17, 2014), First Chief Detective Commissioner, Baden-Württemberg State Association , Honorary Chairman of the German Police Union
  • 1991–1995 Harald Thiemann, First Police Chief Commissioner, State Association of North Rhine-Westphalia
  • 1995–2003 Gerhard Vogler , Chief Police Officer, State Association of Bavaria , Honorary Chairman of the German Police Union
  • 2003–2007 Wolfgang Speck , Baden-Württemberg State Association , since September 17, 2007 Honorary Chairman of the German Police Union
  • since 2007 Rainer Wendt , retired police chief inspector D., State Association of North Rhine-Westphalia, re-elections took place on April 4, 2011 and April 20, 2015

Positions and demands

Rejection by independent complaint bodies

In February 2016, the DPolG rejected the establishment of an “independent police complaints office” for the North Rhine-Westphalia state police due to a lack of “necessity”. This was discussed in the interior committee of the state parliament after the faction of the Pirate Party of North Rhine-Westphalia introduced this. In addition to the DPolG, the police union (GdP) and the Bund Deutscher Kriminalbeamter (BDK) also criticized this proposal; In contrast, the ombudsman of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, Dieter Burgard, reports positive experiences since the establishment of such an option in his state, the police director a. D. Udo Behrendes emphasized the “citizen orientation”, which is such a complaints office. In addition, a complaints office is supported by representatives of science, including Michael Bäuerle , professor at the Hessian University for Police and Administration , and Hardmut Aden , professor at the Berlin University of Economics and Law : “[E] empirical studies [have] shown that cases in which police operations against outsiders are inappropriately or even unlawful are often not sufficiently cleared up and not with the necessary neutrality. "

Improvement of the personnel situation

The DPolG campaigns against downsizing and for the creation of additional posts at federal and state level.

Equipment and furnishings

In the wake of the terrorist attacks of Paris in November 2015 , the DPolG reaffirms the "poor equipment standards" of the German police forces of the state and federal levels. “The emergency services did what they could, but repeatedly reached their limits. The European states invested too little in order to equip their security authorities properly. ”As a result, since May 2016 a new emergency vehicle has been required with specific equipment requirements. This should be able to deter the threat from explosives and hard core projectiles.

Traffic law

For many years the DPolG has called for the police to be relieved of the up to 500,000 heavy load transports carried out by private companies every year . This requirement was adopted in 2015 by the Federal Government and the Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure and is being checked for the legally necessary framework conditions for entrusted by private companies.

Use of coercive measures at demonstrations

On October 1, 2010, chairman Wendt said about the use of water cannons , pepper spray and batons at the demonstrations in Stuttgart 21 : "Police resources must be weapons that hurt, only then will they work."

In the aftermath of the riots at a demonstration against right-wing extremism in Hamburg , Wendt told the Bild newspaper on June 4, 2012 : “A weapon that could be used from a distance would be safer for the emergency services. If water cannons are no longer sufficient, the officials have to use rubber bullets . ”Exactly five years earlier to the day, on June 4, 2007, Wendt had called for the future use of rubber bullets and rubber bullets with the same reason in an interview with the Süddeutsche Zeitung . The police union reacted with sharp criticism to Wendt's demand. In this context, Frank Richter stated: “The police must take decisive action against violent militants during demonstrations, but we are not living in a civil war in Germany. We shouldn't talk him over either. "

Football stadiums

On May 29, 2012, Wendt called for the abolition of all standing places in German stadiums. “The standing room should be abolished, the fences raised, and every time the club goes out, 100,000 euros should be due. If you don't like strict body searches, you should stay in front of the stadium. ”The GdP from Bremen criticized Wendt's approach and assessed it as populism and“ not very useful ”in the entire situation. The clubs don't see the problem in the standing room either. "I find it presumptuous that Mr. Wendt believes he has to make demands that affect the game operation in the stadiums," said Harald Strutz from FSV Mainz 05 , for example, and also emphasized that the demands were populist. The explosive force of this demand was also experienced by the Bremen Senator for the Interior, Ulrich Mäurer , whom the DFB threatened to refrain from hosting international matches in Bremen. He had the impression that it would be "an insult to majesty" to approach the DFB.

Racial Profiling

In October 2012 the Higher Administrative Court in Koblenz made the decision that the police are not allowed to do “ racial profiling ”, so they are not allowed to specifically check dark-skinned people during random checks. The court justified this, among other things, with the fact that such an approach violated the prohibition of discrimination in the Basic Law. As a result, Wendt sharply criticized the judgment. He explained: "You can see once again that the courts practice aesthetic justice, but are not based on practice". Wendt's statements met with criticism. Heribert Prantl explained in the Süddeutsche Zeitung : “That means nothing else than that: The police have people of different skin colors on their knees. There is general police suspicion against colored people. But that violates more laws and conventions than can be listed here. They start with Article 3 of the Basic Law and do not end with the Schengen Borders Code . If police representatives now regard these articles and paragraphs as unsuitable nonsense, it is, to put it mildly, strange. One would really like to see the police in a constitutional state on the ground of the law. "

Further positions

The DPolG advocates, among other things, the application of adult criminal law to adolescents , the lowering of the age of criminal consent to 12 years and checks that are independent of suspicion and cause ( veil search ). The DPolG continues to oppose the privatization of police tasks and mandatory labeling for federal police officers .

The DPolG demands that targeted stings against other people are classified as attempted homicide and not, as is currently the case, only as dangerous bodily harm. In addition, there should be a nationwide record of crimes committed with knives in order to obtain a better picture of the situation.

To prevent refugees uncontrollably during the refugee crisis come to Germany DPolG chief Rainer Wendt in October 2015 of the World on Sunday called upon to safeguard the German-Austrian border with a 800-kilometer fence. The proposal was widely criticized and described as absurd . At the end of 2015, the DPolG reaffirmed that the Federal Police is solely responsible for border controls and that the state police e.g. B. from Bavaria cannot take over their task. The shortage of personnel at the federal and state police forces in connection with the refugee crisis repeatedly led to public statements by Rainer Wendt with a wide public response.

The deputy state chairman of the State Association of Hesse, Björn Werminghaus, described the demonstrators on Twitter as scum during a demonstration in Hamburg after there had been serious riots and several injured police officers as a result. A little later he regretted this public statement and apologized to the peaceful demonstrators.

Personal criticism

According to research published by Report Munich at the beginning of March 2017 , the federal chairman of the DPolG Rainer Wendt received a salary as chief inspector for years without actually doing this job. This was the practice in some federal states with regard to individual representatives of the DPolG and the BDK . The state chairman and deputy federal chairman of the BDK, Sebastian Fiedler, and Erich Rettinghaus, state head of the DPolG, received similar payments from the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The Hamburg detective André Schulz , former chairman of the BDK, has therefore currently (2020) been charged with suspected fraud in a particularly serious case.

Sometimes it is mentioned in this context that the DPolG has fewer exempt staff council members than the competing GdP. The exemption is based on corresponding regulations of the staff representation laws to support staff council work. Since the employer / employer is not allowed to finance trade union activities, it must be separated from staff council work. Violations do not justify the financing of competing unions, but must be prosecuted in individual cases. It is not a violation of the fact that third parties are aware of the union membership of staff council members, so that their staff council activities can have an advertising effect for the respective union. These are unavoidable side effects that also occur in other places, e.g. B. in the case of members of the government who, when performing their official duties, are perceived by the public at the same time as their known party affiliation.

As it became known in July 2020, the chairman of the German Police Union in Berlin, Bodo Pfalzgraf , was a member of the right-wing extremist cover organization Hoffmann-von-Fallersleben-Bildungswerk in the 1990s .

Other police unions and pressure groups

In addition to the DPolG, there is the Police Union (GdP) as a union in the German Federation of Trade Unions (DGB) and the Bund Deutscher Kriminalbeamter, which operates independently of an umbrella organization .

The Federal Working Group of Critical Police Officers is a professional association founded by police officers that campaigns for the protection of civil rights.

literature

  • 50 years of the German Police Union in the DBB . DPolG im DBB, self-published, Berlin 2001.
  • Wolfgang Abendroth : The German trade unions (= series trade unions . Vol. 2). DVK-Verlag, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-88107-052-4 .

Web links

Commons : DPolG  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ DPolG - Federal Administration . Retrieved January 18, 2020.
  2. ↑ https://www.dpolg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/www_dpolg_de/pdf/polizeispiegel/polizeispiegel_19_05.pdf
  3. ↑ http://dpolg-bw.de/ueber-uns.html
  4. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento from December 29, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ a b The "Association of Prussian Police Officers" or "Schrader Association" - from founding to breaking up . Police Union website , accessed March 14, 2016.
  6. ↑ 50 years of the German police union in the DBB . Self-published, 2001, pp. 25-27.
  7. ↑ 50 years of the German police union in the DBB . Self-published, 2001, p. 27.
  8. ↑ DPolG Bayern - We about us . Retrieved December 29, 2015.
  9. ↑ State Management - DPolG . Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  10. ↑ DPolG Berlin - About us . Retrieved December 29, 2015.
  11. ↑ DPolG Brandenburg - About us . Archived from the original on December 29, 2015. Retrieved on December 29, 2015.
  12. ↑ DPolG Bremen - contact board . Retrieved December 29, 2015.
  13. ^ DPolG Hamburg - State Executive . Retrieved December 29, 2015.
  14. ↑ DPolG Hessen - About us . Archived from the original on December 29, 2015. Retrieved on December 29, 2015.
  15. ^ DPolG Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania - We about us . Archived from the original on December 29, 2015. Retrieved on December 29, 2015.
  16. ^ DPolG Lower Saxony . Retrieved December 29, 2015.
  17. ↑ Patrick Seeger's new state chairman of the DPolG
  18. ^ The DPolG NRW . Archived from the original on December 29, 2015. Retrieved on December 29, 2015.
  19. ↑ DPolG Rhineland-Palatinate - About us . Retrieved December 29, 2015.
  20. ↑ DPolG Saarland - About us . Retrieved December 29, 2015.
  21. ↑ DPolG Sachsen - We about us . Retrieved December 29, 2015.
  22. ^ DPolG Saxony-Anhalt - regional association . Archived from the original on December 29, 2015. Retrieved on December 29, 2015.
  23. ↑ DPolG state management . Archived from the original on December 29, 2015. Retrieved on December 29, 2015.
  24. ↑ DPolG - We about us . Retrieved December 29, 2015.
  25. ↑ The DPolG Federal Police Union introduces itself . Retrieved December 29, 2015.
  26. ↑ Hans-Jürgen Lange: The Police of Society - On the Sociology of Internal Security 2003, p. 364.
  27. ^ The members of the DVR . In: dvr.de . Retrieved March 31, 2016.
  28. ↑ Opinion 16/3383 , Parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia - Website, February 16, 2016. Accessed April 2, 2016th
  29. ↑ Hearing: Police Complaints Office for NRW? , State Parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia - website, February 16, 2016. Accessed April 2, 2016.
  30. ↑ Opinion 16/3443 , Parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia - Website, February 16, 2016. Accessed April 2, 2016th
  31. ↑ Improvement of the personnel situation . DPolG website, accessed March 14, 2016.
  32. ↑ http://www.n-tv.de/ticker/Gewerkschaft-Polizei-schlecht-auf-Terroranschlag-vornahm-article16368926.html
  33. ↑ Police mirror May 2016, 50th year, p. 9 "Terror threat demands optimal protection"
  34. ↑ http://www.tagesspiegel.de/themen/agenda/im-dienst-der-gewerkschaft-achtung-achtung-hier-sprech-die-polizei/12531628.html
  35. ↑ http://www.derwesten.de/politik/polizei-soll-keine-schwertransporte-mehr-begleiten-muessen-id11074880.html
  36. ^ "Stuttgart 21" demonstration: Police chief did not trust his own officers . In: Spiegel Online , October 2, 2010. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
  37. ^ A b Hamburg: Police union advocates rubber bullets . In: Die Welt , June 4, 2012. Retrieved June 5, 2012.
  38. ↑ Christoph Schäfer: German Police Union: "We need rubber bullets" . ( Memento from September 8, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , June 4, 2007 (interview with Rainer Wendt). Retrieved June 5, 2012.
  39. ^ Germany: Union of the police against the use of rubber bullets . ( Memento from December 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) In: Zeit Online , June 5, 2012. Accessed December 12, 2014.
  40. ↑ Police unionists want to get rid of standing room ( memento from June 2, 2012 in the Internet Archive ). In: Financial Times Deutschland , May 20, 2012; Retrieved December 12, 2014.
  41. ↑ Mona Stephan: Bremer reject standing room ban . In: Weser-Kurier , May 30, 2012; Retrieved May 31, 2012.
  42. ↑ Bundesliga representatives against the abolition of standing room ( memento of August 3, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ). In: Financial Times Deutschland , May 31, 2012; Retrieved December 12, 2014.
  43. ^ Dpa: Bremen Senator for the Interior: Constitutional cost sharing. In: FAZ.net . July 24, 2014, accessed October 13, 2018 .
  44. ↑ http://www.tagesspiegel.de/sport/fussball-kosten-beteiligung-in-bremen-rechtens/10244538.html
  45. ↑ Christian Bommarius: Auslese: A policeman who talks too much . FR Online , October 31, 2012; Retrieved December 12, 2014.
  46. ^ Heribert Prantl: German police - general suspicion against colored people . sueddeutsche.de, October 31, 2012.
  47. ↑ Reduction of the age of criminal responsibility to 12 years ( Memento from July 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  48. ↑ Application of adult criminal law to adolescents ( Memento from July 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  49. ↑ Reduction of the age of criminal responsibility to 12 years ( Memento from July 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  50. ↑ Privatization of police tasks ( Memento of March 8, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  51. ↑ request of DIE LINKE - introduction of a labeling requirement for members of the Federal Police (BT printed matter 17/4682) ( Memento of 15 June 2016 Internet Archive ) (PDF, 159 kB). Statement by the DPolG to the Interior Committee of the German Bundestag, October 27, 2011. Accessed on October 21, 2015.
  52. ↑ Police union calls for minimum penalty for stabbing. FAZ , April 2, 2018, accessed April 4, 2018 .
  53. ↑ Appeal from police union called for minimum penalty for stabbing. n-tv , April 2, 2018, accessed April 4, 2018 .
  54. ↑ http://www.tagesschau.de/inland/fluechtlinge-deutschland-129.html ( Memento from October 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  55. ↑ Refugee crisis: police union against border controls with state police officers. In: Zeit Online. December 28, 2015, accessed December 29, 2015 .
  56. ↑ Jörg Diehl, Jens Witte: Riots in Hamburg: Police Union regrets scrap tweet . In: Spiegel Online , December 23, 2013.
  57. ^ Union chief Wendt: civil servants' pay without working as a police officer. In: tagesschau.de . March 3, 2017, accessed March 6, 2017 .
  58. ^ Rainer Wendt: NRW paid more police unions from tax money. In: Spiegel Online. March 5, 2017. Retrieved March 6, 2017 .
  59. ↑ https://police-it.org/affaere-wendt-freigestigte-personalraete-gewerkschaftsfunktionaere-und-andere-besonderheiten
  60. ↑ Membership number 11 , taz, July 20, 2020