Rettenbach (Laßnitz)

Rettenbach Niedere Laßnitz
Rettenbach in front of the confluence with the Laßnitz (Pöschlbrücke)
Data
Water code	AT : HZB: 2-220-234-343-030-006; STM: 5086 (7735)
location	West Styria , Austria
Drain over	Laßnitz  → Sulm  → Mur  → Drau  → Danube  → Black Sea
River basin district	Mur
source	In Filzmoos on the Freiländer Alm , middle Koralpe 46 ° 54 ′ 42 ″  N , 15 ° 3 ′ 53 ″  E
Source height	1440  m above sea level A.
muzzle	In Rettenbach coordinates: 46 ° 53 ′ 8 ″  N , 15 ° 4 ′ 20 ″  E 46 ° 53 ′ 8 ″  N , 15 ° 4 ′ 20 ″  E
Mouth height	867  m above sea level A.
Height difference	573 m
Bottom slope	88 ‰
length	6.5 km
Catchment area	12.67 km²
Drain	MQ	200 l / s
Left tributaries	Gratzenbach (Fkm 6)
Right tributaries	Stoffbach (confluence at river kilometer 3.4)
Communities	Deutschlandsberg
Alternative indication of the source: ⊙  on the Stoffkogel (approx. 1550  m ; 683 m altitude difference; 5.4 km length); ⊙  confluence

The Rettenbach is a torrent in the middle Koralpe .

Run

It rises on the Hebalm in Filzmoos , at the Freiländer Alm in the Hebalm area in the middle of the Koralpe. At the origin it flows first to the west, then semicircular and steeply downhill to the east to the confluence with the (Niedere) Laßnitz . The middle and lower reaches form the border between the former communities of Osterwitz and Kloster .

The Steiermärkische Wasserbuch gives another indication, which sees the source above the Hofbauers on the Stoffkogel  ( 1597  m ) in the saddle landscape between this summit and the Koralpen main ridge. The stream from the Filzmoos remains unnamed.

The mean flow rate is 0.2 m³ / s.

The upper reaches of the Rettenbach in a deeply cut valley is almost inaccessible

The reason for the steep gradient in the entire course is the origin of the Koralpe: Geologically, the Koralpe is a raised part of the mountain, a so-called Pultscholle . From their source area, the rivers and streams have to overcome large differences in altitude over short stretches. The source area of ​​the Rettenbach on the Hebalm is evidence of the clod-like construction of the Koralpe: It is a relatively flat area several kilometers long on which a series of wet areas (mosses such as the Filzmoos , the Seemoos ) lie. The Filzmoos is not only the origin of the Rettenbach, but also of the Klosterbach , a tributary to the torrent .

The steep slopes of the Rettenbach valley lead to landslides through which mineral discovery sites are opened up.

history

The fact that the area in which the Rettenbach flows was visited in prehistoric times is proven by stray finds from the Neolithic near Trahütten and from the Bronze Age near Freiland. During the middle Latène period , the catchment area of ​​the Rettenbach was in the heart of what was then the Noric Kingdom in southern Austria, today's Carinthia and southern Styria. Later the room belonged to Carantania .

The name Rettenbach can be explained in various ways: It can be derived from the clearing activities of the settlers who belonged to the German-speaking population and who came to the area through Bavarian colonization around the 9th century, cf. reuten 'to make arable by removing trees and shrubbery'. However, the brook flows over long stretches in a deeply cut valley, the steep slopes of which do not provide a good basis for agriculture or grazing.

In another source, Rettenbach is explained from Old High German (with the example: zu demo rôtin pache ) as 'red brook'.

Another explanation of the name suggests that the brook could have received its name earlier, in Celtic times : Rettenbach can then refer to the Celtic Retos 'moat' or Kelt. Reda 'street' to be returned. It is also unclear whether the indication that the name of the settlement Rettenbach was recorded in the 16th century as in Rötenbach indicates a specific language: Retebach can be found in literature (but for the Erfurt area ) as well as that Derived from Rodach from the Celtic rhean, rhehan, red, rhidys for 'Bach', but also rhyd, rod, roid for 'Straße, bottleneck' (with a hint in English road ) and reidh for 'field'. In another book the names Röderhausen, Röddern are used with kelt. rhaedr 'waterfall', which can correspond to the steep course of the stream bed in its middle part.

Upper reaches of Laßnitz and Wildbach , Rettenbach also as Niedere Laßnitz: approx. 1932

Information that names a river Laßnitz in the area of ​​the middle Koralpe is ambiguous: it can mean several bodies of water that belong to the same river system, but can be a few kilometers (and several hundred meters in altitude) apart: upper reaches of the Laßnitz, Wildbach or Rettenbach . The Rettenbach is also called Niedere Laßnitz itself . The other source river of the Laßnitz, known today as the Niedere Laßnitz , from the Handalm, can then be called Laßnitz or Pöschlbach after the large farm at the mouth of the Rettenbach. In older publications even today's Rettenbach can be referred to as Hohe Laßnitz and the torrent as Niedere Laßnitz . This name variant for the Rettenbach is due to the fact that in the 19th century the origin of the Laßnitz was not assumed to be in the area of ​​the Handalm , as it is today , but rather on the Hebalm and thus the Rettenbach was seen as the upper reaches of the Laßnitz.

The change between Slavic names Laßnitz and German names began with a wave of settlements from the 8th century from German-speaking areas in the context of the creation of the Karantanian Mark or in the context of the Salzburg possessions on the Sulm and the Laßnitz.

environment

The Rettenbach flows after its origin in a peat moss in its upper reaches through alpine pastures, then only through a wooded, deeply cut and largely pathless valley away from settlements or individual houses. It shows no significant environmental pollution.

Source stream of the Rettenbach from the Filzmoos

The Rettenbach lies in a nature reserve.

fauna

Rainbow trout live in the water itself .

Dragonflies and caddis flies live near the water . Their larvae are a reliable indicator of water quality; they only occur in bodies of water with good to very good water quality.

flora

Rare plants grow on the Rettenbach: the Sturzbach Gemswurz and the mica saxifrage , which was only found in the area of ​​the western Styrian peripheral mountains and its foothills (Koralpe, Bachergebirge ). It thrives in dry places under overhanging rocks, if possible without direct contact with precipitation water (rain, etc.) and does not tolerate strong light. The valley of the Rettenbach is one of its distribution areas.

Water quality

The water quality is quality class I-II (almost unpolluted, in practice almost drinking water quality). Less stress can arise through alpine farming and on individual days through larger events (ski weekend, Kirtage ).

The water hardness is low (range 1-2 - soft water).

Floors

The agriculturally usable (or previously used as such) soils on the course of the Rettenbach are rocky brown soils made of crystalline slate as medium-quality arable and grassland with almost all types of water supply up to the pseudogley . Arable use only makes sense up to an altitude of 800 to 1000 m. Low-nutrient tendrils are also widespread around the Rettenbach .

economy

Agriculture and forestry (including alpine pasture and hunting) are the only year-round economic activity alongside hospitality and tourism businesses.

Water management

Reservoir on the Freiländer Alm

On the course of the Rettenbach there are two small power plants to supply an adjacent farm and the agricultural community that operates the Freiländer Almhütte . This power plant is operated by a pressure pipeline from a small reservoir below the alpine hut. Up until the beginning of the 20th century, the river's hydropower was also used by a number of mills.

Agriculture and Forestry

Due to the quality and altitude, the soils only permit arable farming to a limited extent.

In the still managed mountain farms in the catchment area of ​​the Rettenbach, cattle breeding and grassland farming dominate , in some cases grain is grown (mainly barley and wheat, earlier also rye and oats). The Freiländer Alm on the upper reaches of the Rettenbach is managed by a farming community . Your shares are linked in the land register with the farms in the catchment area of ​​Rettenbach, Niederer Laßnitz and Wildbach.

Potato and fodder beet cultivation , which was widespread until the 1960s, was discontinued. Important livestock breeds are the Holstein and Simmental cattle . In addition , beef cattle breeds are bred with Charolais , white-blue Belgians and other breeds. Pig breeding mainly includes the Pietrain , Landrace and Edelschwein breeds . The Sulmtaler are common on chickens .

Red deer (stag), chamois, wild boar (wild boar) on the upper reaches and generally deer and hares are the most common larger wild animals in the Laßnitz catchment area. Badgers have become rare. Bears rarely switch to the headwaters from the south. The fox is a common predatory game. The large contiguous forest in the upper reaches of the Laßnitz home to many species of birds, including grouse (capercaillie). A common bird of prey that also beats free-range chickens and cats is the buzzard.

The forests on the Rettenbach (mainly spruce, fir, red pines and larches, on hardwood linden and ash) are used by forest companies. Forestry was the reason for the construction of the Liechtenstein forest railway .

Emigration and tourism

The catchment area of ​​the Rettenbach is an emigration area : at the beginning of the 20th century, there were eleven full-time farms on its course (in addition to the areas of the alpine pastures and forestry operations) . At the end of this century there were only four full-time businesses. Three old farms can only be made out on older maps, because the buildings have already been demolished (Stoff, Pust and Hubenbauer), other farms have become part-time businesses, are managed from other farms or are used as fixed assets or weekend houses .

On the Hebalm at the Rehbockhütte inn there is a ski area with a double drag lift (not to be confused with the Hebalm ski area on the Carinthian side of the Koralpe).

Remains of the timber harvesting at Brendlschlag and the Deutschlandsberg forest railway

At about 1040 m above sea level, the Rettenbach forms the lower limit of a large logging on the Stoffkogel that was felled around 1960 . This logging reached on a steep mountain slope from the summit of the Stoffkogel to below the former Pust farm in the valley of the Rettenbach. His wood was transported away on the Liechtenstein Forest Railway . The northern branch of the feeder routes of this forest railway had its track end in this felling about 350 meters above the valley of the Rettenbach near the Stoffhütte and the Stoffbach , 1424 m.

The wood was brought to the Kupper loading point via rail tracks with a track width of 600 mm, from where it was transported with a 3.5 km long cable car down to the valley to the reloading point in Freiland and on to Deutschlandsberg.

Remains of the forest railway line and the logging systems are visible in the undergrowth of the regrowing forest in the area of ​​this logging.

Web links

Commons : Rettenbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ BMLFUW (ed.) : List of areas of the Austrian river basins: Mur area. In: Contributions to Austria's Hydrography Issue No. 60, Vienna 2011, p. 100. PDF download , accessed on July 6, 2018.
2. ↑ ^{a b c} Digital Atlas Styria, topic of waters and water information ; especially Rettenbach (3) and Untitled Flume 7735. Extract from the digital Styrian body of water index .
3. ↑ Peter Beck-Mannagetta (1917-1998): The geology of the catchment area of ​​the Laßnitz (West Styria) . In: Mitteilungen der Alpinen Geologische Vereinigung, Volume 34. Vienna 1942. Pages 1–37. Furthermore the multi-page bibliography of this author in his obituary: Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geologische Gesellschaft No. 90 (1997). Vienna 1999, pages 207-212. ISSN  0251-7493 . On the influence on the formation of the Alps, division into crust wedges or parts at the beginning of the Carpathian Mountains and the Dinaric Mountains : Hans Georg Krenmayr, Albert Daurer (editor): Rocky Austria. A colorful geological history of Austria. Geologische Bundesanstalt, Vienna 1999, page 46. ISBN 3-85316-006-9 .
4. ^ District topography. Helmut ‑ Theobald Müller (ed.), Gernot Peter Obersteiner (overall scientific management): History and topography of the Deutschlandsberg district. Graz-Deutschlandsberg 2005. ISBN 3-901938-15-X . Styrian Provincial Archives and District Authority Deutschlandsberg 2005. In the series: Great historical regional studies of Styria. Founded by Fritz Posch †. Volume 3. First part, general part. Hartmut Hiden: Geology of the settlement area. Page 11.
5. ↑ Gerda Woletz: The bed load conditions of the Laßnitz , in: Artur Winkler-Hermaden, Peter Beck-Mannagetta, Karl Bistritschan, Gerda Woletz, Karl Schoklitsch, Herbert Pichler: Scientific study results of the working group for geological-pedological investigations in the catchment area of ​​the Laßnitz river in southwest Styria. Session reports of the Academy of Sciences in Vienna, mathematical and natural science class, Department 1, Volume 149, Issue 7 to 10 (presented at the session on June 27, 1940). Verlag Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky Vienna 1940. Pages 245-257.
6. ↑ Peter Beck-Managetta: About the geological structure of the Koralpe. In: G (ernot) Weissensteiner: Minerals of the Koralpe . 1. Special volume of the club magazine Die Eisenblüte . Association of Styrian Mineral Collectors, Graz 1979. Page 6.
7. ↑ G (ernot) Weissensteiner: Minerals of the Koralpe . 1. Special volume of the club magazine Die Eisenblüte . Association of Styrian Mineral Collectors, Graz 1979.
8. ^ Gerhard Fischer: Osterwitz. a miraculous place in the high pürg. Life, joy and suffering of an area and its inhabitants. Osterwitz 2002. Editor and publisher: Osterwitz community. Production: Simadruck Aigner & Weisi, Deutschlandsberg. Page 20.
9. ↑ Susanna Berndt (Ed.): The Celts in the south-west Styrian part of the Noricum kingdom. Special exhibition by the Steffan Brothers Foundation. Catalog for the exhibition in the Burgmuseum Deutschlandsberg. Published by the Styrian Board of Trustees for Prehistory and Early History. 1998. page 12.
10. ↑ Reuten . In: Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm : German dictionary . Volume 14 R-skewness. Leipzig 1893, column 849, line 45. Reprint from Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag. Munich 1991, ISBN 3-423-05945-1 . dtv 5945. Structure quoted from: The digital Grimm - Electronic edition of the first processing . Version 12/04. Two thousand and one, Frankfurt am Main, ISBN 3-86150-628-9 . Competence center for electronic cataloging and publication processes in the humanities at the University of Trier in conjunction with the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences.
11. ^ Eberhard Kranzmayer : Place name book of Carinthia. Part 2: Alphabetical Carinthian settlement name book with the official and dialect forms, the oldest and most important documentary evidence, the etymology and compilations of the basic words and suffixes . At the same time expert for part 1. Archive for patriotic history and topography. Volume 51. Klagenfurt 1958. Pages 178.
12. ↑ Inge Resch-Rauter: Our Celtic heritage. Field names, legends, fairy tales and customs as bridges into the past. Téletool Edition. Vienna 1992. ISBN 3-9500-1670-8 . 4th edition Vienna 2007. ISBN 978-3-9500167-0-3 . Pp. 59–60 - with explicit mention of Rettenbachtal , but without further details as to which of the several possible locations is meant. The author of this view refers to the necessity of a test based on the local conditions (real test): In fact, at the confluence of the Rettenbach and the Laßnitz, a path to the west begins next to the creek, which leads to crossings over the Koralpe. At the beginning there used to be a restaurant (Wirtshaus Strelly) and a sawmill.
13. ↑ Maximilian Riederer, Gunther Riedlsperger, Johann Tomaschek: Freiländer Ortschronik. Self-published by the community of Freiland near Deutschlandsberg, 1988. No ISBN. Page 55.
14. ^ Wilhelm Obermüller: Wilhelm Obermüller's German-Celtic, historical-geographical dictionary. To explain the names of rivers, mountains, places, districts, peoples and people of Europe, West Asia and North Africa. In general, as in Germany in particular, along with the resulting consequences for the prehistory of mankind. Unchanged reprint of the edition from 1868–72. Volume 2. Wiesbaden. Martin Sendet 1967. Pages 511, 512 and 520.
15. ^ Gerhard Joachim Richter: Celtic Roots in European Languages: Language as Access to History. Leipzig. Anonymous 2002. ISBN 3-935185-03-0 . Page 370. (3rd revised edition Norderstedt 2010. ISBN 978-3-8391-3622-5 ). Richter, Celtic Roots in Google Book Search
16. ↑ Freytag-Berndt hiking map with short guide. Sheet 41, Graz-Koralpe-Eibiswald. 1: 100,000 edition 1983 - 1183841137, Verlag Freytag-Berndt and Artaria, Vienna. ISBN 3-85084-641-5 .
17. ↑ Maximilian Riederer, Gunther Riedlsperger, Johann Tomaschek: Freiländer Ortschronik . Self-published by the community of Freiland near Deutschlandsberg in 1988. Page 195, with a reference to Josef Andreas Janisch: Topographical-statistical lexicon of Styria with historical notes and comments Graz, Verlag Leykam-Josefsthal 1878-85. Volume 1: AK. 1878-. VIII, 821 pages. Volume 2: LR. 1885. 793 pages (32 plates). Reprint: Verlag für Collectors , Graz 1978-79.
18. ↑ Landscape protection area 02: Pack - Reinischkogel - Rosenkogel . Ordinance of the Styrian state government of May 25, 1981, styrian. State Law Gazette No. 37/1981 in the version of the correction (new map display) No. 64/1981. Map of the protected area ( Memento of the original dated December 21, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in the Digital Atlas Styria. 
19. ↑ Pictures under Flora-Austria ( Memento of the original from October 8, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. and under Saxifraga . 
20. ^ Office of the Styrian Provincial Government: Styrian Water Quality Atlas .
21. ^ Margarete Sekera, Heinrich Hacker (editor), Max Eisenhut (mapping): Austrian soil mapping. Explanations for the soil map 1: 25,000. Mapping area Deutschlandsberg (KB 24) . Published by the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (Federal Agricultural and Chemical Research Institute, Soil Mapping and Soil Management). Vienna 1975. Pages 150-158. As of 2007 under: Austrian soil mapping of the Federal Research and Training Center for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape - BFW, Federal Office for Forests.
22. ↑ The illustration of the route by Manfred Hohn : Waldbahnen in Österreich , Verlag Slezak, Vienna 1989, ISBN 3-85416-148-4 , is a bit too short in this detail because it only contains the then status of the route in the provisional edition of the Austrian Official map 1: 50,000 reproduces: Sheet 188 Wolfsberg. Published by the Federal Office for Metrology and Surveying, Vienna (regional survey), map correction 1940, individual supplements 1954.