Schmida Castle

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View from the east

The Schmida Castle is a two-storey , four-wing , baroque , former moated castle with a Renaissance core . It is located in Schmida , a village and cadastral community of the market town of Hausleiten in the Korneuburg district in Lower Austria . It stands in the southwest of the village in a lowland not far from the bank of the Stranzendorfer Bach. It is a listed building .

history

The first documentary mention comes from the year 1327, when a "house ze Smida" of the Lords of Schmida was mentioned, after already 1313 the St. Nicholas consecrated chapel mention has found. The rule passed from the Lords of Schmida to the property of the Dossen von Hagendorf . After their extinction , Emperor Friedrich III enfeoffed. the barons Sigmund and Heinrich Prüschenk on July 9, 1483 with the place Schmida and all other goods of this knightly family. In nominal terms, the property was a fiefdom of the Göttweig monastery until 1716 , but in 1483 it was also given to the Prüschenk, who in 1499 was raised to the status of imperial count as Counts of Hardegg and in the Machlande.

1485 conquered the Hungarians the fortress , they burned down and remained so until the Peace of Pressburg (1491) occupied. In 1492 the rule finally became the property of the Hardegger. In 1524 Julius I von Hardegg made the castle his residence and a base for Protestantism in northern Tullnerfeld .

The Renaissance building (engraving by Vischer from 1672)

During the First Austrian Turkish War , the Turks destroyed the fortress and the castle chapel in 1529. In 1548 the castle was rebuilt, with a tower being built on the site of the demolished chapel. The building, which was erected on stilts because of the swampy soil, is attributed to the sovereign fortress builder Francesco de Pozzo . Count Georg Friedrich von Hardegg had the building completely renovated between 1595 and 1600 and the previous medieval castle expanded into a two-storey Renaissance castle. The appearance of this renaissance building has only survived on contemporary paintings and frescoes as well as on an engraving by Georg Matthäus Vischer .

The transformation from a Renaissance to a Baroque palace took place after considerable neglect. In the 17th century, from 1709 to 1719, Count Johann Julius Hardegg gave Jakob Prandtauer and Johann Jakob Castelli the contract for the expansion as site managers. The consecration of the baroque chapel took place in 1724.

Since the renovation, the castle has served the Hardegg family as a hunting lodge and was inhabited by them until 1945 at least during the hunting season. Several visits by Emperor Charles VI are from this time . also passed down with his daughter Maria Theresa .

After the Second World War , the castle was devastated by the Russian occupying forces and was uninhabitable for decades. Georg Stradiot (formerly Maier), grandson of a Stetteldorfer Hardegg, had already acquired Marsbach Castle and also bought Juliusburg Castle in Stetteldorf on an annuity from the last Countess Hardegg. He acquired Schmida Castle from another Hardegger heir, which he partially renovated. Elisabeth Auersperg-Breunner has been the owner of Schmida Castle since 2017.

Building description

Outside

The moats formerly fed by the Stranzendorfer Bach have been dry since 1975, but can still be seen in the area with the exception of the entrance front in the north. They have a considerable width at the rear of the building. The leveling of the trenches also changed the appearance of the building, which was originally built over a high sloping base. The building has a trapezoidal floor plan and resembles a large square courtyard . The foundations of the medieval predecessor building may have been used for the new building in 1548, which suggests some irregularities in the floor plan. The tower in the northwest corner, which can be seen on the Vischer engraving from 1672, was later demolished.

The structure of the northern part comes from the Renaissance hunting lodge from the 16th century. The south wing with the chapel was not built until 1719, at the same time as the uniform facade of the entire building in the Baroque style.

The west and south wings

All four wings of the building are closed off by hipped roofs with baroque chimneys . The facades are structured by a circumferential, cranked cornice , corner brackets and a surrounding end beam with architrave brackets. The windows with architraved ear walls are square and barred on the ground floor, those on the upper floor are rectangular and have sills , window canopies and parapet and crowning fields .

The north wing has five asymmetrically arranged window axes . A basket arch portal with a profiled reveal in the second axis from the right forms the access to the castle. The louvre door comes from the first half of the 19th century and a wide hatch from the building core from the 16th century.

The nine-axis west wing rises above the remains of the high sloping base, to which the seven-axis south wing connects. The two eastern window axes of the south wing emerge from the facade as a risalit on the remains of the sloping base. The risalit is framed with pilaster strips with corner blocks on the ground floor. It represents the southern end of the east wing.

The eight-axis east wing is a regular symmetrical addition to the previous building with a south-east corner protruding over the southern building line . It rises above the base, which is closed off by a beaded cornice. The facade of the east wing is emphasized by a biaxial, pilaster-framed central projection with a triangular gable. The wall and pilaster strips have a horizontal plaster band structure on the ground floor .

The upper floor structure in the courtyard with window and door frames corresponds to that on the outer fronts. An outer, circumferential access corridor with a wrought iron railing stiffened by iron arches towards the house wall is located under a wide, protective eaves valley on profiled cantilever consoles .

Inside

The groin vault on the ground floor of the former tower on the north-west corner, a spiral staircase of the building fabric of the Renaissance castle and the needle-cap barrels on the ground floor of the north wing are still preserved. The other needle cap barrels are of baroque origin. The spiral staircase with a spindle handrail from the 16th century leads from the basement to the attic. A baroque, two-flight staircase with an upper floor hall is in the southeast corner of the palace. On the upper floor there are mainly fluted flat ceilings with curved plaster cut mirrors.

The chapel

Side wall of the former castle chapel with double pilasters
Double oratorio in the former palace chapel

The castle chapel, which was destroyed in 1945, was located in a rectangular room in the north-east corner of the building, extending over two floors. The room is divided by double pilasters with surrounding beams . The Schmida castle chapel is dedicated to St. Nicholas and is mentioned as early as 1313. At that time, Schmida Castle was probably owned by the Doss family, for whom the name Niklas (or Nikolaus) was a key name. In a document from 1327 - which is now in the parish archives - a Leb von Gravenwerd, who was sitting on Schmida at the time, offered a measurement grant. Accordingly, in the "sand Nyclas chapels" every Wednesday, as well as on Christmas and Easter days and on the feast of St. Nicholas to be read a mass.

The altarpiece is now in the staircase of the Stockerau town hall

For 1544 it is reported that the chapel with the tabernacle was demolished and the tower pictured near Vischer was built here on the northeast corner . After that there was probably no more chapel in the castle, which is why Countess Anna Maria had a wooden prayer house built near the building. Only in the course of the baroque renovation was a palace chapel built again, which in 1724 was also dedicated to St. Nicholas was consecrated. Schweickhardt wrote in 1835: The hunting lodge itself is of a simple architectural style, whereas the palace chapel is tastefully built and contains beautiful paintings . Keck reports on two wonderful paintings by Martino Altomonte . After the Second World War, the palace and chapel were devastated and destroyed by the Red Army troops . Today the castle is inhabited and used by the Stradiotsche Gutsverwaltung. They make every effort to keep the system in a usable condition and renovation work is ongoing.

The castle chapel is a rectangular room that extends over two floors and is approx. 10 m long and 5.2 m wide. The prayer room is structured by double pilasters and surrounding beams. On the south side there is a double oratorio - originally directly accessible from the castle - with an ornamented wooden rectangular frame. On the hollow vault there is baroque foliage and ribbon work with sacred insignia and other ornamental figures. In the curved central mirror there used to be a painting of the Holy Trinity attributed to Martino Altomonte. On the altar there was a painting of St. Nicholas, which was painted by Johann Georg Schmidt (around 1685–1748) - the so-called Wiener Schmidt. The picture from Schmida is now in Stockerau's town hall by the staircase in the foyer. It can be viewed there during official hours.

literature

Web links

Commons : Jagdschloss Schmida  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ footnote 211 on p. 32 of the diploma thesis Zehetmayer
  2. ↑ Entry of the estate and forest management on the website of the municipality of Hausleiten , accessed on 23 January 2016
  3. ↑ a b c Dehio p. 1041
  4. ^ Fritz, Herbert: The village chapels of the parish St. Agatha zu Hausleiten - "Village chapel guide", Hausleiten 2011

Coordinates: 48 ° 22 '38.2 "  N , 16 ° 6' 47.9"  E