Schwarza (Rudolstadt)

Schwarza City of Rudolstadt Coordinates: 50 ° 41 ′ 22 ″ N , 11 ° 19 ′ 22 ″ E
Height :	208 m
Incorporation :	July 1, 1950
Postal code :	07407
Area code :	03672

Schwarza is a district of the city of Rudolstadt in the Saalfeld-Rudolstadt district in Thuringia . Schwarza is a traffic junction and an important industrial location (including the Schwarza thermal power station , BASF , Herzgut dairy, STFG Filamente , Adolf Jass paper mill ).

geography

Schwarza around 1900

The district of Schwarza is located at the confluence of the Schwarza river with the same name in the Saale and forms the center of the conurbation on the Saalebogen.

The highest mountains in the field are the Schenkenberg (354 m) and the Gemeindeberg (327 m).

history

Schwarza was first mentioned in a document in 1074. At this point in time, the land was already measured and allocated, which is why it can be assumed that the settlement is much older and thus one of the oldest in Thuringia . The first settlers were Celts . Hermunduren followed later, followed by Slavs and Franks , who settled here after the Thuringian Empire had been defeated.

In historical documents, Schwarza is primarily anchored by three settlement or saddle farms, which were first mentioned in the 15th century and of which two still exist today. This was originally the Abbey Saalfeld belonging fiefs came after the Reformation under the sovereignty of Ernestine , but lay on schwarzburgischem area, which many complications caused.

Coat of arms on the former inn Zum Goldenen Löwen

The bridge over the Schwarza and the traffic routes described below had great historical significance for the place . However, this also meant that diseases such as the plague struck the village. Due to the favorable transport connections, the place was again and again a passage area and resting place of Heeren, in the period from the Thirty Years War to the Second World War . There were also battles in and around Schwarza. In 1632 there was fighting between the imperial army and the Swedes. In 1761, during the Seven Years' War , there were clashes between Prussian and imperial troops. In 1806, during the Napoleonic Wars , the Prussians and their Saxon allies met the French here.

Until the river was straightened in the 19th century, there were regular major floods that destroyed the wooden bridge several times, until a stone bridge was built in the middle of the 18th century. But even in recent times, the risk of flooding has not been completely averted. The place was last flooded in April 1994.

The Nestlermühle located on the Schwarza river is one of the few mills that still use water power and grind grain into flour.

Until 1918 the place belonged to the sovereignty of the Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt . From 1922 the community was part of the Thuringian district of Rudolstadt . On July 1, 1950, the village was incorporated into the city of Rudolstadt .

Population development

Development of the population:

1855: 0622
1927: 2108
1939: 3233

Economy and Transport

Rudolstadt-Schwarza station (2017)

Until the end of the 19th century, Schwarza was mainly characterized by agriculture. In addition, there was also fishing, rafting and gold washing . The so-called Kupferstraße , which ran from Nuremberg north to Magdeburg , ran through the town. Another road went west towards Ilmenau . As a result, the place has always been an important traffic junction. From 1925 to 1945 there was an airfield in Schwarza, but it quickly lost its importance, as the greater range of the traffic machines made a stopover between northern and southern Germany unnecessary.

Polyamide silk production in the parent company of the chemical fiber combine "Wilhelm Pieck" Schwarza

The economic upswing in Schwarza began with the connection to the Saalbahn ( Naumburg - Jena - Saalfeld) in 1874. In 1884, another branch line, the Schwarza – Bad Blankenburg railway , was opened. It was shut down in 2000. The building of the Thüringische Zellwolle AG in 1935 as part of the National Socialists' autarky program provided a further boost . During the GDR era, up to 6,000 employees worked in the VEB Chemiefaserkombinat Schwarza , which went into full execution in 1993 as Thüringische Faser AG . The industrial and commercial park Rudolstadt-Schwarza, which was then developed by the Thuringian State Development Corporation, is one of the larger industrial areas in Thuringia with an area of 110 hectares. In successor companies such as STFG Filamente GmbH or BASF Performance Polymers GmbH , synthetic fibers will continue to be produced there.

In addition to the aforementioned railway lines, Bundesstrasse 85 ( Weimar –Saalfeld) and Bundesstrasse 88 ( Ilmenau –Jena) also meet in Schwarza . The former runs past the town center as a four-lane expressway to the east parallel to the Saalbahn.

Attractions

There is an arrow in the button of the bell tower of the Protestant church. This comes from a Bashkir who wanted to prove to the Schwarzburg prince in 1814 that bows and arrows were still serious weapons in the 19th century.

Regular events

From January to April there is a small animal market every 14 days, always on Sundays, next to the Protestant church.

Sports

In Schwarza is SV 1883 Schwarza resident.

literature

Friedrich Lundgreen: History of the market town Schwarza (Saale). KH Pfotenhauer, Schwarza (Saale) 1928.
Manfred Groß: 80 years ago: 1926 - Schwarza airfield's first year of operation. In: Rudolstädter Heimathefte. Vol. 52, Issue 7/8, 2006, ISSN 0485-5884 , pp. 197-202.
Manfred Groß: The buildings on the Schwarza airfield. Origin and use 1926–1928. In: Rudolstädter Heimathefte. Vol. 53, Issue 3/4, 2007, pp. 80-85.
Manfred Groß: Scheduled traffic on the Schwarza airfield 1926–1931. In: Rudolstädter Heimathefte. Vol. 53, Issue 9/10, 2007, pp. 228-235.

Web links

Commons : Schwarza - collection of images, videos and audio files

Schwarza on the website of the city administration of Rudolstadt

Individual evidence

^ Wolfgang Kahl : First mention of Thuringian towns and villages. A manual. 5th, improved and considerably enlarged edition. Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza 2010, ISBN 978-3-86777-202-0 , p. 255.
^ Friedrich Lundgreen: History of the market town of Schwarza. KH Pfotenhauer, Schwarza (Saale) 1928.
↑ Archive Portal Thuringia on Siedelhöfe , accessed on 30 June 2016th
↑ Werner Dietzel: Mills between the upper Saale and Thuringian basin. Water wheels and turbines in mills, hammer mills and smelters in the Saale catchment area as well as windmills on the surrounding plateaus. Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza 2012, ISBN 978-3-86777-453-6 , p. 107.

[1] Wolfgang Kahl : First mention of Thuringian towns and villages. A manual. 5th, improved and considerably enlarged edition. Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza 2010, ISBN 978-3-86777-202-0 , p. 255.

[2] Friedrich Lundgreen: History of the market town of Schwarza. KH Pfotenhauer, Schwarza (Saale) 1928.

[3] Archive Portal Thuringia on Siedelhöfe , accessed on 30 June 2016th

[4] Werner Dietzel: Mills between the upper Saale and Thuringian basin. Water wheels and turbines in mills, hammer mills and smelters in the Saale catchment area as well as windmills on the surrounding plateaus. Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza 2012, ISBN 978-3-86777-453-6 , p. 107.