Sellnitz (Bad Schandau)

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Sellnitz
City of Bad Schandau
Coordinates: 50 ° 55 ′ 52 ″  N , 14 ° 5 ′ 40 ″  E
Height : 230 m above sea level NN
Postal code : 01814
Area code : 035022
Sellnitz with the Lilienstein
View from Lilienstein to the Sellnitz estate

The Sellnitz , also Seltnitz or Seltensatt , is a desert in the urban area of Bad Schandau in the district of Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains in Saxony . In their place stands the Sellnitz estate, which houses a base of the Saxon Switzerland National Park .

geography

The village of Sellnitz was located at the northeastern foot of the 415 meter high Lilienstein , a striking table mountain in the Elbe Sandstone Mountains . Its corridors extended on the 210 to 230 meter high Waltersdorfer flatness , which is bounded in the southeast and in the northwest by the valley of the Elbe . To the east, the Sellnitzgrund cuts into the terrain until it merges into the Prossener Grund. The area consists partly of open land , partly it is forested. It belongs entirely to the Saxon Switzerland National Park . Nearest localities are the Bad Schandauer districts Prossen the east and Waltersdorf , whose district includes the Sellnitzer hallways today, in the northeast. Neighboring to the northwest is the beach in the Elbe Valley belonging to Struppen . To the southwest, on the other side of the Lilienstein, the Königstein district of Ebenheit borders. The Sellnitz estate with the address Sellnitz 34 stands east of the Lilienstein on the edge of the flatness, just next to the steep drop into the Elbe Valley, known as Obere Kirchleite. It can be reached via the Sellnitzfahrweg branching off from Liliensteinstraße or via hiking trails.

history

The place was first mentioned in a document from 1428. It names Friedrich von Oelsnitz , Vogt auf dem Königstein , feudal man of Friedrich I of Saxony, who was electored in 1423 and conqueror of the rock castle Neurathen in 1426 , as well as his sons. Transferring the king Steiner Church a Leite , "da leidt at the same against the Strannischenn meadows above, namely from the Lottersteigk bit Krales to Partisch heritage, unnd the Elbenn vonn to gemercke to Seldensatter". A document from 1464 also refers to this event and describes the border between the Rathen and Königstein castle districts, according to the course of which the Sellnitz belonged to the Rathen castle district at that time. Another early mention can be found in 1474 as part of the personal name "Nickel Schöne von Seltensat".

The place name is of German origin. It is possibly a nickname for a meager settlement on barren, sandy soil, which has "seldom fed" its inhabitants, so barely fed. A real test confirmed this; in fact, such soil conditions prevail there. In 1501 “Seldensath das dorff m. G. h. ”, 1540 an incident“ zu Seltensaat ”and 1548“ Seldtensaht ”. In the 16th century the place fell desolate, because in 1558 “the desert fields ufm Seldensaeth” are called, in 1576 the “Seltensatter Flur” and in 1592/93 a location “Am Seldensadt”. These mentions suggest that, on the one hand, the word “ Saat ” was sometimes implied and, on the other hand, the word “ Selde ” could be used instead of “rarely” . The latter referred to a house in Middle High German , later also a small courtyard and land, and was retained as part of many place and field names (e.g. Sölden ). Against this thesis, on the one hand, the composition with "-satt" or "-saat" and on the other hand the fact that the term "Selde" hardly occurs in East Central German .

" Schfr. Seltnitz od. Seltensaat ”(left margin) on a map from the Oberreit Atlas, mid-19th century

After the old place name was largely out of use due to the desertification, it was apparently abolished in the 17th century at the expense of the second part of the word. The Sellnitz- or original Seltensatter Grund was mentioned in 1653 as "Zelßnergrund". The form in use today appears for the first time in 1755 when a location "on the Sellnitz" was mentioned. The name, which had become incomprehensible after it had been blurred, was thus aligned with Slavic place names with the ending -itz . Although they are rare in Saxon Switzerland (the exceptions include Krietzschwitz , Postelwitz , Mannewitz and Sebnitz ), they are very common in the greater Dresden area . Incidentally, the gender of the current field name had changed from male ("der Seltensatt") to female ("die Sellnitz"). In the years 1827/30 "Selnitz" and 1833 "Seltnitz" can be found as entries in maps and encyclopedias. The Oberreitsche Atlas records “Seltnitz od. Seltensaat” in the middle of the 19th century.

In 1501 there were four possessed men in the village, which speaks for a rather small hallway. It was parish to Königstein; The Kirchweg, now marked as a hiking trail, ran through the village and once served the people of Waltersdorfer as a connection to the Marienkirche in Königstein . The residents lived mainly from agriculture and livestock farming . They fetched their drinking water from the spring that Matthias Oeder noted on his map as “der heher Born”, around 250 meters west of today's individual property. It emerges from the rubble at the foot of the Lilienstein and has become more productive through excavation, sealing and walling. Today it is called Franzosenborn after the Napoleonic troops camped on site in connection with the Battle of Dresden in 1813 . Next to the source is the so-called horse trough , a depression carved out of the sandstone. During the wars of liberation , several jumps were built near the Sellnitz at the foot of the Lilienstein , the remains of which are still visible today.

As early as the early 16th century, the residents apparently gave up the village. During his time as Pirna Landvogt, which lasted from 1504 to 1514, Günther von Bünau shared the corridor that had fallen to the Elector after the fall of the desert. For 105 shock groschen (1 shock groschen is 60 groschen), the somewhat smaller southern part, "the desert fields ufm Seldensaeth", was transferred to Waltersdorf in 1558. The larger northern part appears for the first time in 1591 as the Pirna official forest "Der Seltensather Grundt". Waltersdorf and the Amtswald both came to the Prossen manor at the end of the 17th century , the owners of which consequently exercised the manorial rule at that time .

Later, a sheep farm , mentioned in 1755, developed on the Sellnitz , whose animals grazed in the corridors. In 1875, there were Schäferei- Vorwerk Sellnitz, which had become part of the community Waltersdorf and thus to Amtshauptmannschaft Pirna counted 14 inhabitants. In 1898, the owner of the Prossen manor at that time sold the Sellnitz farm to the state, whereupon its area was included in the Saxon state forest . The corridor was then provided with boundary stones, which since 1900 have made the corridor boundary of the village of Sellnitz, which had fallen into desolation around 400 years earlier, visible again. From then on, the Sellnitzer Gutshof served as a forester's yard  - it was the seat of the forest warden responsible for the southern part of the Hohnstein state forest district - and home for forest workers. Service berries were settled in the nearby plant garden .

At the end of the Second World War, there was a barrack camp run by the Todt Organization for US prisoners of war on Sellnitzgrund . Together with prisoners from the Königstein subcamp, they had to drive several tunnels into the Niedere Kirchleite quarry in the nearby village of Strand, which, under the code name Schwalbe II, were to become the location of an underground fuel factory. On January 31, 1945, the camp had 930 inmates, and on February 28, 578. On the way to work they crossed the Elbe above Rathen at the level of the Einsiedler inn, located on the straight line between Waltersdorf and Weißig .

Forest cemetery on Sellnitzgrund

After the Americans had left the camp, the barracks were used as makeshift accommodation for many expellees from the nearby Sudetenland ( Sudeten Germans ) until June 1946 . More than 100 of the mostly weak and older people died during this time of deprivation. They found their final resting place in the forest cemetery on Sellnitzgrund, which was laid out for them on Kirchweg. A plaque commemorates their fate. The u. a. The thesis published in the Sudetendeutschen Zeitung that victims of the Aussig massacre, drawn from the Elbe in August 1945, were also buried in the cemetery in Bad Schandau , cannot be proven.

From 1956 the Sellnitz was in the landscape protection area (LSG) Saxon Switzerland, since 1990 it is part of the national park of the same name . From the incorporation of Waltersdorf in 1974, the Sellnitz belonged to Porschdorf . Since 1981 most of the former agricultural area near the buildings has been reforested with conifers. The LSG inspection of Saxon Switzerland, as the nature conservation authority at the time, used the old barn on the Sellnitz as a workshop from 1988; today the site serves as the national park's farm yard. The National Park's youth education center is also located there, where those interested can find out details about the geology, flora and fauna of the Elbe Sandstone Mountains.

In the open-air site on the Sellnitz there are orchards with old, sometimes rare apple varieties, the stock of which was expanded by 50 new plantings after the fall of the Wall . In order to preserve this habitat, which is worthy of protection, domestic sheep grazed the areas again for around 20 years since autumn 1996 . The Skudde , an old and endangered breed, was used. The Saxon State Ministry for Environment and Agriculture supported this landscape conservation project, about which several information boards provide information on site. The sponsor is the Association for the Promotion of the Cultural Landscape of Saxon Switzerland. V., which is based on the Sellnitz and has held a wool festival there every spring since 2004. Another annual highlight at the beginning of June is the Sellnitz Festival, jointly organized by the National Park Administration and the Friends' Association, which took place for the 23rd time in 2018. At the beginning of 2012, Sellnitz came to Bad Schandau through the incorporation of Porschdorf.

literature

Web links

Commons : Sellnitz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Horst Torke : Historical boundaries and boundary signs in Saxon Switzerland . Dresden 2002. p. 201 ff.
  2. ↑ The abbreviation "mgh" stands for "my most gracious lord". What is meant is the elector. Consequently, the place was an official village at this time.
  3. ^ Ernst Eichler / Hans Walther : Historical book of place names of Saxony . Vol. 2, Berlin 2001. pp. 413 f.
  4. ↑ a b Seltnitz (Selnitz) in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony , accessed on December 9, 2013.
  5. ↑ a b without author: Kirchweg. Retrieved December 9, 2013.
  6. ↑ without author: Franzosenborn. In: Carsten Rücker: wanderpfade.de. March 15, 2011, accessed December 9, 2013.
  7. ↑ without author: Franzosenborn at the foot of the Lilienstein. Retrieved December 9, 2013.
  8. ^ Without author: 1813, Napoleon in Saxon Switzerland. Retrieved December 9, 2013.
  9. ↑ a b without author: Sellnitz. Retrieved December 9, 2013.
  10. ↑ Sudetendeutsche Zeitung , ed. October 10, 1997, p. 6.
  11. ↑ Königstein area, Saxon Switzerland (= values ​​of the German homeland . Volume 1). 2nd Edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1985, p. 160.
  12. ↑ Friends of the Saxon Switzerland Cultural Landscape e. V. (Ed.): Landscape conservation project. Retrieved December 9, 2013.
  13. ^ State enterprise Sachsenforst, National Park Administration Saxon Switzerland: 16th Sellnitzfest. ( Memento of the original from December 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 9, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nationalpark-saechsische-schweiz.de