Sickle ferns

Sickle ferns
	Moon sickle fern ( Cyrtomium falcatum )
Systematics
Department :	Vascular plants (tracheophyta)
	Ferns
Class :	True ferns (Polypodiopsida)
Order :	Spotted ferns (Polypodiales)
Family :	Fern family (Dryopteridaceae)
Genre :	Sickle ferns
Scientific name
	Cyrtomium
	C. Presl

The sickle ferns ( Cyrtomium ) are a genus of plants within the family of worm ferns (Dryopteridaceae). It includes about 35 species and is closely related to the shield ferns ( Polystichum ).

description

Illustration of Cyrtomium abbreviatum

The sickle ferns grow as perennial herbaceous plants terrestrially or on rocks. Their shoot axes are erect or ascending and they do not form stolons .

There is only one type of leaves and they are evergreen. The frond stem is half to three quarters as long as the frond blade and its base is thickened. The more than three vascular bundles are arranged in an arc and more or less round in cross section. The paper-like or somewhat leathery, elongated-lanceolate frond blades are usually simply pinnate, very rarely undivided, with the upper pinna usually only slightly smaller than the lower. The edges of the feathers have notches or teeth. There are thread-like scales on the upper side of the frond and the underside of the frond is bare.

The round sori stand in two or more rows between the central rib and the edge. The shield-shaped veils ( Indusia ) are permanent or sloping. The brown spores have raised folds or wings.

The basic chromosome number is x = 41.

Dissemination and use

The main distribution center of the genus Cyrtomium is in East Asia ; It is also represented in South Asia, Eastern and Southern Africa, Madagascar , Polynesia , Hawaii and North America . There are 31 species in China , 20 of them only there.

The following species are occasionally cultivated as ornamental plants in Europe and some of them occur wild in Central Europe: Small moon sickle fern ( Cyrtomium caryotideum ), moon sickle fern ( Cyrtomium falcatum ), ilex-leaved moon sickle fern ( Cyrtomium fortunei ), Cyrtomium macrophyllum .

Systematics

Little Moon Crescent Fern ( Cyrtomium caryotideum ) in Hawaii

Sori vom Mond-Sichelfarn ( Cyrtomium falcatum )

Moon sickle fern ( Cyrtomium falcatum )

Ilexblättriger moon sickle fern ( Cyrtomium fortunei )

Cyrtomium juglandifolium

Cyrtomium laetevirens

Cyrtomium yamamotoi

The Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World from 2012 lists 58 Cyrtomium species (supplemented from the Flora of China ):

Cyrtomium aequibasis (C.Chr.) Ching (Syn .: Cyrtomium caryotideum var. Aequibasis C.Christensen , Cyrtomium cuneatum Ching , Cyrtomium houi Ching ): It thrives on limestone cliffs in forests at altitudes of 600 to 2000 meters in the Chinese provinces of Chongqing , Guizhou ( Duyun only), Sichuan and Yunnan ( Longling , Maguan , Mengzi , Wenshan ).
Cyrtomium anomophyllum (Zenker) Fraser-Jenk. (Syn .: Cyrtomium beddomei S.R.Ghosh , Cyrtomium brevicuneatum Ching & KHShing , Cyrtomium kansuense Ching & KHShing , Cyrtomium kungshanense Ching KH & Shing , Cyrtomium microindusium Sa.Kurata , Cyrtomium shunningense Ching & KHShing , Cyrtomium macrophyllum var. Microindusium (Sa.Kurata) K.Iwats. , Cyrtomium nervosum Ching & Shing , Cyrtomium neocaryotideum Ching & Shing , Cyrtomium yuanum Ching & Shing ): It occurs in India , Bhutan , Nepal , Pakistan , Japan , Taiwan , Tibet (only Nyalam ) and in the western Chinese provinces Sichuan ( Muli only) and northwestern Yunnan ( Gongshan , Weixi , Zhenkang ).
Cyrtomium atropunctatum Sa.Kurata (Syn .: Cyrtomium fortunei var. Atropunctatum (Sa.Kurata) K.Iwats. ): It occurs in southern Japan and Taiwan (only in Yilan ).
Cyrtomium balansae (H.Christ) C.Chr.
Cyrtomium brevicuneatum Ching & Shing
Little Moon Crescent Fern ( Cyrtomium caryotideum (Wall. Ex Hook. Et Grev.) Presl ): It is Sri Lanka , India, Bhutan, Nepal, large parts of China, Tibet, Taiwan, Japan, the Philippines and Hawaii.
Cyrtomium chingianum P.S.Wang : This endemic thrives in crevices in the tropical karst in forests at altitudes of around 700 meters only in Libo in southern Guizhou.
Cyrtomium confertifolium Ching & Shing : It thrives between shrubs and in the forest at altitudes of 1100 to 1200 meters in the Chinese provinces of eastern Guizhou (only in Wanshan ), western Hunan , Jiangxi (only in Lu Shan ) and Zhejiang (only Longquan ).
Cyrtomium confertiserratum J.X.Li, HSKung & Xiao J.Li
Cyrtomium conforme Ching : This endemic thrives on rocks in forests only in Liancheng in Fujian.
Cyrtomium devexiscapulae (Koidz.) Ching (Syn .: Cyrtomium integrum Ching & Shing , Cyrtomium sinicum Ching , Cyrtomium falcatum var. Devexiscapulae (Koidz.) Tagawa ): It occurs in Japan, Korea, northern Vietnam, Taiwan and the Chinese Provinces of Chongqing ( Chengkou only), Fujian ( Liancheng , Nanping ), Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou ( Libo , Liping , Sandu ), Jiangxi ( Pingxiang only), Sichuan ( Pingshan only) and Zhejiang ( Putuo only).
Cyrtomium dubium (H.Karst.) RMTryon & AFTryon
Cyrtomium elongatum S.K.Wu & PKLôc : It occurs in Vietnam.
Moon sickle fern ( Cyrtomium falcatum (L. f.) Presl , Syn .: Polystichum falcatum (L. f.) Diels , Cyrtomium yiangshanense Ching & YCLan ): He is in Indochina , Japan including the Ryūkyū Islands , Korea , Polynesia , Taiwan and in the Chinese provinces of Fujian , Guangdong , Jiangsu , Liaoning , Shandong and Zhejiang . In Western Europe and the Azores, in South Africa, Australia and New Zealand, North America, Réunion it is a neophyte .
Ilexblättriger moon sickle fern ( Cyrtomium fortunei J.Sm. , Syn .: Cyrtomium recurvum Ching & Shing , Cyrtomium shandongense J.X.Li ): Home is China, Korea, Japan; in the Azores and southern Europe it is a neophyte. Depending on the author, there are varieties that are considered species by other authors:
- Cyrtomium fortunei var. Clivicola (Mak.) Tagawa
- Cyrtomium fortunei J.Sm. var. fortunei
Cyrtomium fraxinellum (H.Christ) H.Christ
Cyrtomium grossum Christ : It thrives in crevices in limestone in forests at altitudes of 700 to 800 meters in southern Guizhou ( Huishui , Libo) and southern Yunnan ( Malipo , Xichou ).
Cyrtomium guizhouense H S.Kung & PSWang : This endemic thrives in crevices in limestone in valleys at altitudes of 600 to 1000 meters only in Libo in southern Guizhou.
Cyrtomium hemionitis Christ : It occurs in northern Vietnam and in the Chinese provinces of Guangxi, in southern Guizhou ( Guiding , Libo) and in southern Yunnan (Malipo, Xichou).
Cyrtomium laetevirens (Hiyama) Nakaike
Cyrtomium latifalcatum S.K.Wu & Mitsuta : This endemic thrives in evergreen laurel forests at altitudes of around 600 meters only in Xishuangbanna in Yunnan.
Cyrtomium lonchitoides (Christ) Christ (Syn: Cyrtomium vittatum Christ ): This endemic thrives in laurel forests, pine forests, often on rocks at altitudes of 1200 to 2700 meters in Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of Gansu (only in Wen ), Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan (only in Nushan ), Sichuan and Yunnan.
Cyrtomium luctuosum J.P. Roux
Cyrtomium macrophyllum (Mak.) Tagawa (Syn: Cyrtomium falcatum var. Macropterum (Diels) Christ , Cyrtomium macrophyllum f. Minor Ching & KHShing , Cyrtomium pseudocaudipinnum Ching & Shing , Cyrtomium retrosopaleaceum Ching & Shing ): It comes in India. , Kashmir , Pakistan , Bhutan , Nepal , Japan, Taiwan, Tibet ( Bomê , Zham ) and in the Chinese provinces of Anhui, southern Gansu ( Kang , Wenxian), Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, southern Shaanxi ( Pingli ), Sichuan and Yunnan. With the shape:
- Cyrtomium macrophyllum f. auriculatum Akasawa & E. Yokote
Cyrtomium maximum Ching & Shing
Cyrtomium mediocre Ching & Shing
Cyrtomium membranifolium Ching & KHShing ex HSKung & PSWang : It occurs in Hubei.
Cyrtomium micropterum (Kunze) Ching
Cyrtomium muticum (Christ) Ching : It occurs in Yunnan and maybe also in Sichuan.
Cyrtomium nephrolepioides (Christ) Copel. (Syn .: Cyrtomium tengii Ching & Shing ): It occurs in China.
Cyrtomium obliquum Ching & Shing (Syn .: Cyrtomium calcicola Ching , Cyrtomium wangianum Ching & Shing ): It occurs in China.
Cyrtomium omeiense Ching & Shing (Syn .: Cyrtomium caudatum Ching & Shing , Cyrtomium coriaceum Ching & Shing , Cyrtomium falcipinnum Ching & Shing ): It occurs in China and Taiwan.
Cyrtomium pachyphyllum (rose bush) C.Christensen (Syn .: Cyrtomium fengianum Ching & Shing ): It occurs in China.
Cyrtomium pseudocaryotideum J.P. Roux
Cyrtomium reflexosquamatum J.X.Li & FQZhou
Cyrtomium serratum Ching & Shing (Syn .: Cyrtomium ovale Ching & Shing ): It occurs in Hunan and Sichuan.
Cyrtomium shingianum H.S.Kung & PSWang : It occurs in southern Guizhou.
Cyrtomium sinningense Ching & Shing : It occurs in Hunan.
Cyrtomium taiwanianum Tagawa : It occurs in Taiwan at altitudes of 800 to 1900 meters.
Cyrtomium takusicola Tagawa
Cyrtomium trapezoideum Ching & Shing
Cyrtomium tsinglingense Ching & Shing ( Cyrtomium megaphyllum Ching & Shing , Cyrtomium moupingense Ching & Shing ): It occurs in China at altitudes of 500 to 2400 meters.
Cyrtomium tukusicola Tagawa : It occurs in China and Taiwan at altitudes of 1000 to 2600 meters.
Cyrtomium uniseriale Ching
Cyrtomium urophyllum Ching (Syn .: Cyrtomium salicipinnum Ching & Shing ): It occurs in China.
Cyrtomium yamamotoi Tagawa (Syn .: Cyrtomium caryotideum var. Intermedium (Diels) C.Christensen , Cyrtomium falcatum var. Acuminatum (Diels) C.Christensen , Cyrtomium falcatum var. Intermedium (Diels) C.Christensen , Cyrtomium fortunei var. Intermedium Tagawa , Cyrtomium macrophyllum var. Acuminatum (Diels) Tagawa , Cyrtomium macrophyllum var. Simadae Tagawa , Cyrtomium mediocre Ching & KHShing , Cyrtomium yamamotoi var. Intermedium (Diels) Ching & KHShing , Cyrtomium simile Ching ): It only occurs in the Chinese provinces of Anhui Huang Shan ), Chongqing, southern Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei ( Jianshi , Junxian ), Hunan ( Dayong , Shimen ), Jiangxi (only in Lu Shan ), southern Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan as well as Zhejiang in Japan and maybe also in Taiwan.
Cyrtomium yunnanense Ching (Syn .: Cyrtomium longipes Ching & Shing , Cyrtomium spectabile Ching ): It thrives at altitudes of 1600 to 3000 meters only in central and southern Yunnan.

swell

literature

George Yatskievych: Cyrtomium C. Presl. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 1993, ISBN 0-19-508242-7 .
Li-Bing Zhang, David S. Barrington: Cyrtomium C. Presl. , Pp. 561-571 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 2-3: Lycopodiaceae through Polypodiaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2013, ISBN 978-1-935641-11-7 .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae Li-Bing Zhang, David S. Barrington: Cyrtomium C. Presl. , Pp. 561-571 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 2-3: Lycopodiaceae through Polypodiaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2013, ISBN 978-1-935641-11-7 .

^ Jacobus P. Roux: The genus Cyrtomium (Pteridophyta: Dryopteridaceae) in Africa and Madagascar . In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society . tape 167 , no. 4 , 2011, p. 449-465 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2011.01184.x .

↑ ^a ^b ^c George Yatskievych: Cyrtomium C. Presl. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 1993, ISBN 0-19-508242-7 .

↑ T. Denters, F. Verloove: Smalle ijzervaren, Cyrtomium fortunei J.Sm., nieuw in Nederland . In: Gorteria . tape 33 , 2008, p. 33-40 .

↑ Michael Hassler, Bernd Schmitt: Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. ( Memento of the original from November 22, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Version 2.3, as of November 2012, accessed on November 28, 2012. @1@ 2

↑ ^a ^b ^c Cyrtomium in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved March 9, 2019.

↑ Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great zander. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .

^ ^A ^b John Robert Akeroyd: Cyrtomium C. Presl. In: TG Tutin, NA Burges, AO Chater, JR Edmondson, VH Heywood, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . 2nd, revised edition. Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge / New York / Melbourne 1993, ISBN 0-521-41007-X , pp. 27 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).

Web links

Commons : Cyrtomium - collection of images, videos and audio files

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[FoC-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae Li-Bing Zhang, David S. Barrington: Cyrtomium C. Presl. , Pp. 561-571 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 2-3: Lycopodiaceae through Polypodiaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2013, ISBN 978-1-935641-11-7 .

[Roux2011-2] Jacobus P. Roux: The genus Cyrtomium (Pteridophyta: Dryopteridaceae) in Africa and Madagascar . In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society . tape 167 , no. 4 , 2011, p. 449-465 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2011.01184.x .

[FoNA-3] George Yatskievych: Cyrtomium C. Presl. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 1993, ISBN 0-19-508242-7 .

[Denters2008-4] T. Denters, F. Verloove: Smalle ijzervaren, Cyrtomium fortunei J.Sm., nieuw in Nederland . In: Gorteria . tape 33 , 2008, p. 33-40 .