Spec Ops: The Line

Spec Ops: The Line
Studio	Yager Development Darkside Game Studios
Publisher	2K Games
Senior Developer	Cory Davis (Lead Designer) François Coulon (Producer) Walt Williams (Story Design) Richard Pearsey (Story Design)
Erstveröffent- lichung	June 26, 2012 June 29, 2012
platform	Linux , Mac OS , Windows , Xbox 360 , PlayStation 3
Game engine	Unreal Engine 3
genre	Third person shooter
Game mode	Single player , multiplayer
control	Mouse & keyboard , game controller
medium	DVD-ROM , Blu-ray Disc , download
language	German English French
Age rating	USK PEGI

Spec Ops: The Line is a third-person shooter from the German developer studio Yager Development . It is the ninth title in the Spec-Ops series and was released in Europe on June 29, 2012 by US publisher 2K Games for Windows , Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 .

action

Background scenario

Six months before the start of the game, Dubai in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is hit by a severe series of sandstorms. After the political leadership downplayed the problem for a long time, numerous residents find themselves trapped in the sand. Afghanistan veteran Colonel John Konrad, commander of the 33rd Battalion, who also suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder, volunteers with his unit to support the evacuation of the civilian population. However, when he was ordered to give up the city and its residents in the course of the mission, he refused the order and deserted with his entire unit. Heavy sandstorms prevent any contact with the crisis region for a long time; the UAE have declared the region to be a no man's land. In the last report of the 33rd Battalion, the unit announced the formation of a caravan with 1000 survivors, but this never arrives and the unit is written off as a total loss by the US command.

A brief sign of Konrad's life is received two weeks before the game begins. In this he explains that the formation of the caravan was a dramatic failure with high losses. The US High Command decides to send a three-person, covert Delta Force team to a reconnaissance mission in the region. Captain Martin Walker, Lieutenant Alphonse Adams and Staff Sergeant John Lugo received orders to investigate the whereabouts of Konrad and his unit and to report to headquarters.

Characters

character	English speaker	German speaker	role
Cpt. Martin Walker	Nolan North		Player character, leader of the Delta Force operations team.
1st Lt. Alphonse Adams	Christopher Reid	Jo Vossenkuhl	Member of the Delta Force response team.
Staff Sgt. John Lugo	Omid Abtahi	Benedikt Weber	Member of the Delta Force response team.
Col. John Conrad	Bruce Boxleitner		Commander of the 33rd Battalion, missing in Dubai after refusing to give orders.
Radioman	Jake Busey		Actually Robert Darden, formerly an embedded journalist with the 33rd Battalion.
Agent Jeff Riggs	Patrick Quinn	Thomas Balou Martin	Member of the CIA Squad Gray Fox.
Agent Rick Gould	Chris Cox		Member of the CIA Squad Gray Fox.
Agent Thomas Daniels	Rick Pasqualone	Ulrich Frank	Member of the CIA Squad Gray Fox.
Agent Brian Castavin			Member of the CIA Squad Gray Fox.
1st Lt. John McPherson	Steven Walters	Christian Jungwirth	Soldier of the 33rd Battalion.

Gameplay

Spec Ops: The Line is presented from a third person perspective . The player takes control of the character of Captain Martin Walker, his two companions are controlled by the program and act independently. However, the player can give them simple combat instructions or assign a target to attack. A cover system similar to Gears of War is used in combat . The player can fire from cover at the push of a button. In addition to his own character, the player must also pay attention to his companions. If they get too many hits, they sink to the ground and have to be reanimated by the player within a limited time window. Failure to do this will count as a failure of the mission. In this case, the game automatically loads the last save point that was automatically created at regular intervals. The character has only a limited supply of ammunition and has to take care of himself from the weapons left behind by the killed opponents. Walker can carry a maximum of two weapons, which come from a pool of shotguns, submachine guns, sniper rifles and heavy weapons.

development

General

The aim of the project was to expressly demonstrate the horror of war with this game and to induce the player to question himself and his actions. According to lead level designer Jörg Friedrich, the player should feel bad. In contrast to common military shooters, where the positions of good and bad are clearly predefined, Spec Ops: The Line is intended to confront the user with ambivalent moral decisions that are subsequently neither rewarded nor punished, but their consequences are relentlessly demonstrated. For this reason, the decision to withdraw full control of the game from the player at certain points and to force him to take certain actions - such as observing the atrocities depicted - was enforced against internal team resistance. In Spec Ops: The Line , the break with the current design theory of removing control from the player is used as a conscious style feature.

Thematically, the game borrows from the book Herz der Finsternis and refers to this model in some places. For example, the character of Colonel John Konrad is a name allusion to the book author Joseph Conrad . Another role model because of the close thematic relationship was the anti-war film Apocalypse Now , which is also an adaptation of Heart of Darkness . The role of Konrad is based on the character of Colonel Kurtz from Francis Ford Coppola's film, while the character of the radioman shows parallels to the journalist portrayed by Dennis Hopper . Another model was also the Der schmale Grat (English original title: The Thin Red Line ). Nevertheless, the game is not a copy of these models, but has an independent storyline.

The multiplayer mode was commissioned by publisher 2k Games against the request of lead designer Cory Davis and was created externally by the US developer studio Darkside Game Studies. In a report by online magazine Polygon , Davis commented negatively on this requirement:

“It sheds a negative light on all of the meaningful things we did in the single-player experience. The multiplayer game's tone is entirely different, the game mechanics were raped to make it happen, and it was a waste of money. No-one is playing it, and I don't even feel like it's part of the overall package - it's another game rammed onto the disk like a cancerous growth, threatening to destroy the best things about the experience that the team at Yager put theirs heart and souls into creating. "

“It throws a negative light on all of the meaningful things we've implemented in the single player campaigns. The tone of the multiplayer mode is completely different, the game mechanics have been misused in its development and it was a waste of money. Nobody plays it, and I don't even feel like it's part of the overall package - it's another game that was rammed onto disc like a cancer and now threatens to destroy the best aspects of the gaming experience the team is creating von Yager has invested so much heart and soul. "

- Cory Davis (Lead Designer) : Don't be a hero - The full story behind Spec Ops: The Line

Soundtrack

The accompanying music was composed by Elia Cmíral . In addition, the following pieces of music are used:

• Alice in Chains - Rooster
• Björk - Storm
• Briton - Quick Silver
• The Black Angels - Bad Vibrations
• The Black Angels - The First Vietnamese War
• Black Mountain - Stormy High
• Deep Purple - Hush
• Inner Circle - Bad Boys
• Jimi Hendrix - 1983 (A Merman I Should Turn to Be)
• Jimi Hendrix - The Star-Spangled Banner
• Martha & the Vandellas - Nowhere to Run
• Mogwai - Glasgow Mega Snake
• Mogwai - RU Still in 2 It
• Nine Inch Nails - The Day the World Went Away
• Giuseppe Verdi - Dies Irae, Libera Me

marketing

Publisher Take 2 announced Spec Ops: The Line at the Spike Video Game Awards 2009. The title was originally supposed to appear in winter 2010, but was postponed several times due to the publisher's release plans, first to fiscal year 2012, then finally to fiscal year 2013. On February 21, 2012, 2k Games finally announced the final release date on June 29, 2012 .

On May 30, 2012, 2k Games organized a war film marathon in the Prince Charles Cinema in London as a promotional event together with the British online magazine digital spy . According to the readers' choice, the films Saving Private Ryan , Apocalypse Now and Black Hawk Down were shown there.

reception

The game fell short of sales expectations. A possible successor was excluded.

Rating mirror

publication	Rating
4players	77%
Computer picture games	Note 1.98
EuroGamer.de	8 of 10
Games current	8 of 10
GameStar / GamePro	85%
Games world	84% / 83% / 83%
Gamona	85%
Looki	82%
PC Games / Video Games Zone	81%
Edge	7 out of 10
EuroGamer.net	8 of 10
Game Informer	7.75 out of 10
GameSpot	6.5 out of 10
Guardian	3 of 5
IGN	8.0 of 10
Joystiq	3 of 5
The Daily Telegraph	4 of 5

Reviews

Spec Ops: The Line received mostly good ratings ( GameRankings : 76.50% (PC) / 77.37% (PS3) / 77.76% (Xbox 360); Metacritic: 76/77/76). Some playful deficiencies were criticized, such as the highly linear level and lack of playful innovation. However, mostly the good plot and the scenery were rated positively. Erik Kain from Forbes Magazine praised the fact that the game stands out from the crowd of shooters in brown and gray tones thanks to its colorful level design.

“How far can a video game go in depicting violence? This is a question that comes to mind when playing this action roller coaster ride. But when you end the story of Captain Walker, literally felt your inner struggle for hours and after the disturbing finale remain in front of the screen in disbelief, then you know: “Spec Ops” is a statement against the war. Trying to wrap a serious subject in gripping adult entertainment is to wake the player up. This is not a "Call of Duty", even if the game mechanics work similarly. But a heavily staged action cracker with a moving message, an "Apocalypse Now" in game format. "

- Axel Hengstbach : Computer picture games

“Games have a way of always excusing violent action by asking players to perform it in circumstances where there was no other choice, and Spec Ops seizes on this classic construct to remind players that this is a formula for villainy far more than it is for heroics . ”

“Games have a habit of excusing their violent action by asking the player to use it in situations where there is no other solution; Spec Ops, on the other hand, adopts this classic construction to remind players that this is much more a formula for malicious acts than for heroic deeds. "

- Michael Thomsen : The Year in Video Game Violence 2012 (IGN)

Because of its subject matter, the game also received a great deal of attention in the general and daily press.

"If you get involved in the desert world with its limitations," Spec Ops: The Line "is a thoroughly interesting game. That means something in this genre. If you have tormented yourself to the end, with a mixture of curiosity about the story and disgust for your own actions, you are faced with another dramatic decision. Then finally "the horror, the horror" has an end. And you are happy that it is over. "

- Ole Reissmann : Spiegel Online

“The developers at Yager haven't reinvented the shooter genre, but they have taken a step in the right direction, towards a development that is long overdue. While most American games, such as Gears of War, only try to create the worst possible enemy image that must be fought, Spec Ops: The Line questions the sense of obedience and moral decisions. It not only forces the player to kill, but also to look at the dead up close, to see what he has done. If Apocalypse Now is an anti-war film, Spec Ops: The Line is an anti-war shooter. "

- Süddeutsche Zeitung

“Spec Ops addresses things that other genre representatives like to hide in favor of easier consumption. Admittedly, a not completely uncritical attitude to imperialism and war and even a vague questioning of the good-evil scheme is a unique selling point for shooters. And Spec Ops: The Line isn't subtle either. But he manages to confront the player with his actions and with the consequences of the war. "

- Tim Rittmann : The time

“It is probably unfair to compare Spec Ops with the masterwork of English literature from which it takes its inspiration. But “Heart of Darkness” has already been explored with more sophistication in a video game, Far Cry 2, from 2008. That game, set in central Africa, aimed to turn its players into the ruthless Mr. Kurtz by placing them in a bleak environment and then persuading them to take increasingly murderous actions. Spec Ops, in contrast, frequently takes control away from the player, relying on animated cut scenes to illustrate Walker's moral descent. "

“It is probably unfair to compare Spec Ops to the masterpiece of English literature that inspired it. But Heart of Darkness has already been treated in a much more differentiated and mature manner in a computer game, namely in Far Cry 2 from 2008. This game, set in Central Africa, tried to transform its players into the nefarious Mr. Kurtz by turning them into a bleak one Environment and then persuaded them to take on increasingly grueling jobs. Spec Ops, on the other hand, regularly removes control from the player and instead relies on its animated cutscenes to illustrate Walker's moral decline. "

- Chris Suellentrop : New York Times

Awards and sales success

• At the German Developer Award 2012 , Spec Ops: The Line received the most prizes with five awards, namely in the jury category as "Best Action Game" and in the Academy categories "Best German Game", "Best Story", "Best Graphics" , "Best Console Game". At the same time, developer Yager Development was named “Best Studio”.
• At the Fun & Serious Game Festival 2012 in Bilbao, Yager received the award for “Best Computer Game Screenplay”.
• IGN praised the action of the game in its annual review as "Best PC Story 2012" and Captain Walker as one of the "Best New Computer Game Characters 2012".
• Entertainment Weekly ranked the title fifth in the “Game of the Year 2012” poll, and Nolan North's portrayal as Captain Walker was singled out as “the best speaking performance of the year”.
• The US game magazine G4 honored Spec Ops: The Line for “Best Music”.
• The online magazine Mature-Gaming.com named the game “Surprise of the Year 2012” and praised how effectively it undermined the gambler's expectations of the genre.

Further nominations:

• The Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences nominated the game for the DICE Awards 2013 (formerly Interactive Achievement Awards ) in the category "Outstanding Achievement in Action" (Winner: Journey ).
• At the Spike Video Game Awards 2012, Nolan North was nominated for best male acting in a computer game for his speaking role as Captain Walker, but had to give preference to Daemon Clarke for his role as Handsome Jack in Borderlands 2 .
• For the German Computer Game Award received Spec Ops: The Line a nomination in the category "Best German game".
• Golden Joystick Awards 2012: "Best Shooter" and "Best Game Moment" for depicting a phosphor bomb attack.
• European Games Awards 2012: "Best European Action Game", "Best European Console Game"

Despite critical praise, according to Take2's information in the first quarterly report for the 2013 financial year, the sales figures fell short of expectations.

Age rating

The game contains numerous explicit depictions of violence, including violence against the defenseless, bystanders and civilians, or depicting large wounds and amputation injuries (headshots). Although such representations can usually lead to the indexing of a computer game in Germany , the German version of Spec Ops: The Line remained uncut and still received an age rating of 18 years and over from the entertainment software self-control (USK):

“The decisive factor that the game was portrayed as harmful to young people [note : free from 18 years of age] and not harmful to young people [note: requirement for indexing] was, among other things, the moral message that the game had. The big difference was the story. The depictions of violence in Spec Ops: The Line are framed by a sustaining story that is believable and does not convey any messages that, for example, glorify violence or glorify war. Rather, the depictions of violence in Spec Ops are primarily [to] show the horrors of war. "

- Lidia Grashof, Permanent Representation of the Supreme State Youth Authorities at the USK : Interview Reload ( EinsPlus ), June 21, 2012

In the USA, too, the game received an age rating of Mature (M, suitable for ages 17+) from the Entertainment Software Rating Board due to high violence, bloody representations and strong expressions .

Sales ban in the United Arab Emirates

As early as December 16, 2009, the United Arab Emirates-based daily newspaper The National reported a possible sales ban. At the beginning of June 2012, Yager boss Timo Ullmann told the online magazine digital spy that he was still optimistic about avoiding a sales ban. On June 21, 2012, The National reported that the demo version of the game could not be downloaded by players from the United Arab Emirates. The newspaper suspected that the reason for the access block was the involvement of real locations such as the Burj Khalifa for the fighting and the general depiction of the destroyed Dubai, which could violate the law. The National Media Council, the government agency responsible for media control, only told the newspaper that the game had not yet been submitted for review. In an interview with the online gaming magazine Spong, Yager's Senior Director Shawn Frison confirmed that the game had been banned for reasons unknown to him.

International Literature Festival Berlin

During the International Literature Festival Berlin 2013 , Spec Ops: The Line was treated as an example of the creative performance of computer games and their handling of aesthetics as part of the theme day “Computer Games - The Literature of the Future?”.

Web links

• Official website
• Spec Ops: The Line at MobyGames (English)
• Spec Ops: The Line in the Internet Movie Database (English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Peter Steinlechner: Anti-war in the luxury city . In: Golem.de . Computec Media Group . July 2, 2012. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
2. ↑ ^{a b c} Tim Rittmann: Killing shouldn't be fun . In: The time . Zeitverlag Gerd Bucerius. June 29, 2012. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
3. ↑ ^{a b} EinsPlus : Reload , Episode 4 , June 21, 2012 ( online view ( memento from December 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive )).
4. ↑ ^{a b c d} Erik Kain: Sands Of Darkness: The Good, The Bad, And Ugly Of 'Spec Ops: The Line' (PC) ( English ) In: Forbes Magazine . Forbes Inc .. August 8, 2012. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
5. ↑ http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/gaming/interviews/a365221/spec-ops-the-line-interview.html
6. ↑ shogungamer.com/news/14368/interview-actor-bruce-boxleitner-spec-ops-line-tron-uprising
7. ↑ - ( Memento of the original from June 27, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
8. ↑ Russ Pitts: Don't be a hero - The full story behind Spec Ops: The Line ( English ) In: Polygon . Vox Media . August 27, 2012. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
9. ↑ http://www.gamezone.de/Spec-Ops-The-Line-Xbox360-233841/News/Spec-Ops-The-Line-Trailer-zum-3rd-Person-Shooter-956831/
10. ↑ http://www.4players.de/4players.php/spielinfonews/Allgemein/20493/2061082/Spec_Ops_The_Line-Nochmals_verschoben.html
11. ↑ http://www.gbase.de/pc/news/0/Spec-Ops-Fester-Termin-52459.html
12. ↑ http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/movies/news/a383999/saving-private-ryan-tops-digital-spys-greatest-ever-war-movie-poll.html
13. ^ André Peschke: No buyers for clever games - No chance for Spec Ops: The Line 2 , GameStar , July 20, 2014
14. ↑ http://www.4players.de/4players.php/dispbericht/360/Test/20493/74027/0/Spec_Ops_The_Line.html
15. ↑ ^{a b} http://www.computerbild.de/artikel/cbs-Test-PC-Spec-Ops-The-Line-PS3-Xbox-360-Review-7584024.html
16. ↑ http://www.eurogamer.de/articles/2012-06-26-spec-ops-the-line-test
17. ↑ http://www.gamesaktuell.de/Spec-Ops-The-Line-Xbox360-233841/Tests/Spec-Ops-The-Line-Test-908014/
18. ↑ http://www.gamestar.de/spiele/spec-ops-the-line/test/spec_ops_the_line,45733,2569066.html
19. ↑ http://www.gameswelt.de/spec-ops-the-line/review/seite-1,163707
20. ↑ http://www.gamona.de/games/spec-ops-the-line,test-pc:article,2126421.html
21. ↑ http://www.looki.de/spec_ops_the_line_test_a5346_1.html
22. ↑ http://www.pcgames.de/Spec-Ops-The-Line-PC-233837/Tests/Spec-Ops-The-Line-Test-PC-Release-907899/
23. ↑ Spec Ops: The Line review ( Memento of February 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
24. ↑ http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-06-26-spec-ops-the-line-review
25. ↑ - ( Memento of the original from September 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
26. ↑ Chris Watters: Spec Ops: The Line Review ( English ) In: GameSpot . CNET . June 26, 2012. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
27. ↑ Nick Cowen: Spec Ops: The Line - review ( English ) In: The Guardian . Guardian News & Media. June 26, 2012. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
28. ↑ Mitch Dyer: Spec Ops: The Line Review ( English ) In: IGN . News Corp . June 26, 2012. Accessed December 31, 2012.
29. ↑ Spec Ops: The Line review - Dissonance in Dubai ( Memento from January 28, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
30. ↑ Tim Martin: Spec Ops: The Line reviewSpec Ops: The Line review ( English ) In: The Telegraph . July 12, 2012. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
31. ↑ GameRankings : Average PC rating , based on 8 articles. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
32. ↑ GameRankings : Average PS3 rating based on 15 articles. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
33. ↑ GameRankings : Average Xbox 360 rating , based on 43 articles. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
34. ↑ Metacritic : Average rating of the PC version , based on 16 articles. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
35. ↑ Metacritic : Average rating of the PS3 version , based on 27 articles. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
36. ↑ Metacritic : Average rating of the Xbox 360 version , based on 59 articles. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
37. ↑ Michael Thomsen: The Year in Video Game Violence 2012 ( English ) In: IGN . News Corp . December 29, 2012. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
38. ^ Ole Reissmann: "Spec Ops: The Line": Madness in the desert . In: Spiegel Online . SPIEGEL publishing house Rudolf Augstein. July 10, 2012. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
39. ^ Daniel Wüllner, Ruth Schneeberger, mri: Game test "Spec Ops: The Line" - In the heart of one's own darkness . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . Süddeutscher Verlag . July 15, 2012. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
40. ↑ Chris Suellentrop:Spec Ops - The Line , from 2K Games, Makes Killing Personal (English) . In: The New York Times , The New York Times, June 25, 2012. Retrieved October 19, 2012. 
41. ↑ Peter Steinlechner: Anti-war in the luxury city . In: Golem.de . Computec Media Group . December 13, 2012. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
42. ↑ - ( Memento of the original from May 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
43. ↑ IGN 2012 Awards: Best PC Story ( English ) In: IGN . News Corp . Retrieved January 15, 2013.
44. ↑ The Best New Video Game Characters of 2012 ( English ) Add: IGN . News Corp . December 3, 2012. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
45. ↑ Darren Franich: Videogames: Best and Worst of 2012 - 5: Spec Ops: The Line ( English ) In: Entertainment Weekly . Time Warner . Retrieved January 15, 2013.
46. ↑ http://www.g4tv.com/videos/61698/best-of-2012-best-soundtrack-mobile-and-social-games/
47. ↑ Jake Mulholland: MG Gaming Awards 2012 - Surprise of 2012 - Spec Ops: The Line ( English ) In: Mature-Gaming.com . Mature gaming. Archived from the original on January 3, 2013. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 15, 2013. 
48. ↑ http://www.4players.de/4players.php/spielinfonews/Allgemein/4929/2123897/DICE_Awards-Die_Nominierungen.html
49. ↑ http://www.interactive.org/images/awards/16th-Annual-DICE-Finalists-For-Web.pdf
50. ↑ http://www.gamona.de/games/spike-tv-video-game-awards,die-gewinner-der-video-game-awards-2012:news,2197372.html
51. ↑ http://www.golem.de/news/deutscher-computerspielpreis-nominiertenliste-mit-konfliktpotenzial-1303-98055.html
52. ↑ http://www.vg247.com/2012/08/23/golden-joystick-awards-2012-finalists-announced/
53. ↑ Golden Joysticks 2012: The nominees for Top Gaming Moment ... ( Memento from December 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
54. ↑ Spec Ops: The Line nominated for European Games Awards ( Memento from August 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
55. ↑ Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. Reports Results for First Quarter Fiscal 2013 ( English ) In: ir.take2games.com . Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc .. July 31, 2012. Retrieved March 8, 2020: "" Although our first quarter results were below expectations due to lower-than-anticipated sales of Spec Ops: The Line and Max Payne 3, the outlook for our slate of upcoming releases is stronger than ever, ""
56. ↑ http://www.gamona.de/games/spec-ops-the-line,ungeschnitte-in-deutschland-details-zur-gewaltdarstellung:news,2054922.html
57. ↑ http://www.esrb.org/ratings/synopsis.jsp?Certificate=32034
58. ↑ http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/future-fantasy-is-shoot-out-in-ravaged-city
59. ↑ http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/gaming/news/a385127/spec-ops-the-line-uae-ban-unlikely-says-yager.html
60. ↑ http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/spec-ops-game-preview-blocked-in-uae
61. ↑ http://spong.com/feature/10110607/Interview-Reviving-the-Spec-Ops-Franchise
62. ↑ http://www.srf.ch/kultur/literatur/ballerspiele-und-weltliteratur-neue-genres-des-erzaehlens