St. Mary's Church (Winsen)

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St. Mary's Church

The St. Marien Church in Winsen (Luhe) is a late Gothic hall church that was built around 1415. The individual side aisles and the hexagonal, neo-Gothic church tower, through which a passage on Kirchstrasse runs, are particularly characteristic of its appearance . The Evangelical Lutheran St. Marien Congregation serves the residents of the city center and the villages of Hoopte , Stöckte , Gehrden , Laßrönne and Tönnhausen .

history

Previous construction

Before the St. Marien Church was built, there was another church building at the same location in the 13th century town , which was initially a branch church of the parish of St. Gertrud in Pattensen and held the rights of a chapel. Excavations that were carried out during renovation work in 2000 uncovered remains of the foundations that are most likely from the earlier church. Accordingly, it was significantly smaller than the church that was built later, about seven meters wide, and was located within the current outer walls. The western boundary was probably in the area of ​​the current bell tower or is with the western foundation, in any case it can no longer be localized. The location of the choir could not be determined either. The southern wall was located in the area between today's main and side aisles , the northern wall was south of the later north wall.

The Winsener church was first mentioned in a document in 1233, when the patronage , which previously belonged to the convent of the St. Michaelis monastery in Lüneburg , was transferred to Helena von Lüneburg and her son Otto . In exchange, the monastery received the St. Knut Chapel. Their location is not secured. Presumably it stood on the Lüneburg Kalkberg , where the monastery and the Guelph castle were also located. The order and the level of detail in the mention of the items of exchange in the deed suggest that the main concern of the exchange deal was the transfer of the chapel. With the exchange, the Winsener parish was spun off from the Pattensener and could henceforth carry out funerals, baptisms and other church activities independently. The spin-off was paid for in monetary terms. In the same year, Helena appointed a clergyman.

In 1336 the joint ruling brothers Otto III donated. and Wilhelm II , dukes of Braunschweig-Lüneburg , gave the church a St. George altar, which was probably the first side altar.

Little is known about the early clergy; only reliable information is available from the 14th century. At the top of the hierarchy was the rector , who was primarily responsible for the administration of the church property and general management. The pleban , whose duties included pastoral care and preaching , was subordinate to him . Both had a deputy at times, the vice rector or vice pleban. A vicar was responsible for the St. George altar , who had to hold spiritual masses for the donors and their families. He was subordinate to the pleban and the rector. The Winsen rectors had - compared to other churches - a comparatively prominent role and were usually occupied by members of the Lüneburg nobility . The first rector known by name was Werner Bintremen (1320). In 1350 a man named Willekin was in office. It is possible that he is identical to a rector of the same name of the Hittfeld Church (1351-1373 occupied). Heinrich von Offensen is documented as rector in 1364 until he was appointed provost of the Ebstorf monastery on July 7, 1365 . At the same time he was from 1375 canon of St. Blasius in Braunschweig . The frequent appearance of Wilhelm II as Protonotarius indicates that he did not pursue any pastoral duties in Winsen . In the years 1372 and 1382 Dietrich Spoerken was appointed rector. In 1415 Johann, titular bishop of Salmasa and auxiliary bishop of Verden bishop Ulrich von Albeck , stayed in Winsen. Documents from the Vice Rector and the schoolmaster attest to this .

The church building since the 15th century

The St. Mary's Church around 1650

Construction of today's church began at the beginning of the 15th century, probably around 1415, as a brick stamp dated that year shows. The old church may have become too small for the congregation. The reason for the new building of the church was probably related to the plans of the Lüneburg dukes to build a residence in Winsen. After the division of the state in 1409 , Lüneburg and Celle were no longer available, as Celle served as a widow's residence and the city of Lüneburg was not added to Heinrich I during the division , but remained in the possession of the entire house. In 1428 at the latest, Bernhard I , Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, his sons Otto IV and Friedrich II and their wives moved to Winsen Castle . In 1433 the residence was given up again and Celle was chosen as residence. After that, the church building dragged on. In 1437 the roof structure was built over the choir and in 1465 that over the nave .

Around 1445 three altars and vicars were mentioned. In addition to the St. George altar, these were an altar for Maria Magdalena and one for Kosmas and Damian . In 1464 the patronage of Unse leve Frowe ( Our Lady , Mary , the mother of Jesus ) is documented for the first time.

The Franciscan monastery in Winsen, founded in 1477 , probably had no relation to St. Mary's and St. George's Chapel south of the city, even if some literature claims that the order received pastoral care for them. The presence of the Franciscans from 1348 until their expulsion from Winsen in 1528 represents a parallel event from today's perspective.

In the middle of 1526 the first reformatory efforts were reported in Winsen. A year later, the Lüneburg state parliament decided on the Reformation . In 1528 Heinrich I , former Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, returned from exile in order to push back the Reformation, which had meanwhile advanced under his son Ernst the Confessor , and to regain power, which he did not succeed in doing. After the Reformation, the vicarages initially survived until at least 1555.

In front of a turret built in 1837 there were only wooden bell towers. At the end of the 19th century, a brick tower was erected, which was inaugurated in 1899.

The facility has been changed several times since the Reformation. The church has had an organ since 1656 at the latest. Today's Ott organ was consecrated in 1960. Most of the other furnishings and the windows in the choir also date from the middle of the 20th century.

Since 1883 a memorial on the square south of the church has been commemorating those who died in the Franco-Prussian War . Since 1954 there has been a memorial to Johann Peter Eckermann, who was born in Winsen, on the northern church square .

Bell tower

First wooden towers

Architecture of the bell tower
View from the tower onto Marktstrasse

In view of the importance of the Winsener Church as a town church and princely patronage church, it seems unlikely that it did not have a bell tower in the Middle Ages . Nevertheless, the first known mention of the bell tower in 1578 speaks of its construction. Possibly a reconstruction was meant, perhaps after the city fire in 1528.

For many centuries, the church bells rang from free-standing wooden towers, each of which fell victim to the fire. The tower burned down in 1585 and was then rebuilt with a donation from Duchess Dorothea . In 1627 the city was set on fire by the Danes during the Thirty Years War . The bell tower fell victim to this again. From 1663 to 1664 it was rebuilt with a higher stone base. On April 16, 1822, lightning struck the tower, so that it burned down to the lower wall. In the tower built in 1663/1664 there were two chime bells and two chiming bells. The large bell was already damaged in 1585 and 1628 and then poured over. In 1645 and 1687 there were again jumps. At the edge of the bell was written: May my sound strike ears and hearts until the latest times and urgently urges everyone to pray and die. Only the quarter-hour bell survived the fire in 1822. The hour bell and chime bells were fused under the heat. The pieces of metal were collected in the following days.

Steel rod bells

At that time the financial means were lacking for a new bell tower and the casting of bells and the willingness of parishioners to donate was low. For this reason, bell metal from the destroyed bells was sold. In the years that followed, the quarter-hour bell rang out together with a bell from St. George's Chapel. When there was still no improvement in the financial situation in sight in 1830, a man from a restaurant in Hanover reported that he had invented a ring made of steel springs that sounded better than bells and could be heard from a distance. The costs are considerably lower. But before the Winsener could give an answer, he had already left the restaurant in an unknown direction. At the beginning of 1831 the news spread that steel bars from a master blacksmith from Roßlau could be used as bells. On the basis of this, the Winsen magistrate Blume commissioned the Coswig construction manager Henning to have a steel spring made, which arrived in Hoopte on October 21, 1833 and was rung four days later in Winsen as a test. The parish decided to buy more feathers, but for unknown reasons this did not happen.

Once again there was talk of the use of high-quality steel rods from the Sollinger Hütte , which could be completed to a bell. After an exchange of letters with Blume, the ironworks management announced that they would produce a steel rod bell and present it at a trade show in Hanover in autumn 1836, which, however, was canceled. In April 1837 the Sollinger Hütte sent the bell for a trade show in Lüneburg. Although rehearsals taking place there were judged to be a sonic failure, Winsen ordered the steel bars on June 20, 1837. Instead of being in a free-standing tower, they were installed in a specially built roof turret on the church. From December 3, 1837, the first Advent, they rang the bell for the service. Over time, they became perceived as monotonous. The later superintendent Hermann compared it with " pagan bell work".

Static problems and construction of a new tower

However, the main problem was not the sound, but the statics . Shortly after 1850, construction experts warned that the roof turret posed a danger to the church. In the following decades, designs for a church tower were made, none of which were implemented. On February 12, 1895, Conrad Wilhelm Hase , consistorial builder of the Hanover State Church , who had made one of the designs a few decades earlier, realized that the roof was in danger of collapsing if the roof turret was not removed. On August 26th it was decided to build a church tower in neo-Gothic style according to plans by the architect Eduard Schlöbcke , who was born in Winsen and was then a private lecturer at the Technical University of Hanover . The earthworks began in December of the following year. Four new bells were consecrated at the end of 1897. The steel bars were still in operation as a striking mechanism for the clock for a year, then the roof turret was removed. The church tower was inaugurated on July 2, 1899.

Since the 20th century

A memorial chapel for those who fell in the Franco-Prussian War and the First World War has been located in the bell tower since 1958, with another tower room above it.

In the eighties, the tower ball was opened during repairs to the tower . It is also a time capsule and, in addition to a copy of the Winsener Nachrichten and coins from the time it was built, also contained recipes for tinctures by the shepherd Philipp Heinrich Ast .

architecture

The vault of the main nave was never completed.

The late Gothic brick hall church has only a south aisle in addition to the west-east oriented main nave. It is one of the churches of the second phase of the Lüneburg Group, which began to move away from the main model St. Johannis . The main nave was not given a vault, but a simple wooden ceiling. The vault of the side aisle was only added later. The sacristy is located south of the choir.

The hexagonal neo-Gothic tower designed by Eduard Schlöbcke connects the northern and southern sections of Kirchstrasse with a passage.

Furnishing

View of the choir room

Much of the art in St. Mary's Church was created after World War II.

Altar, baptismal font and pulpit

The altarpiece is the work of the sculptor Fritz Fleer . The middle panel was created in 1958, the wings were added in 1962. The bronze reliefs on the middle panel show, in addition to Christ crucified, the entry into Jerusalem , the washing of the feet, the prayer in Gethsemane , Jesus before Pilate , the flagellation and the Way of the Cross. The wing reliefs show the prophet Simeon , the twelve-year-old Jesus in the temple, the wedding in Cana , Mary Magdalene , the disciples of Emmaus and the apostle Thomas .

Fritz Fleer also created the bronze baptismal font in 1958. The baptism of Jesus is shown in the relief on the front . The reverse shows Pharisees who do not go to baptism and women who are still hesitant.

Fleer also made the bronze panels for the pulpit in 1962. The four relief panels on the front represent the four evangelists : an eagle for John , a human or angel for Matthew , a lion for Mark and a bull for Luke . The relief on the left side of the pulpit shows Moses with the tablets of the Law, that on the right side Melchizedek with Abraham .

Choir window

The windows in the choir were redesigned from 1958 to 1960 by the Hamburg artist Claus Wallner . He put together colored glass panes to form leaded glass windows with various Christian motifs. The windows point clockwise:

Due to the asymmetry of the church, the fifth window, the Easter window, is centrally located above the altar.

Overraports

In addition to the choir windows, Wallner made three glass windows that adorn the doors as overhangs : the calming of the storm (north exit), the good shepherd (south exit) and the parable of the fourfold field (tower entrance).

More works of art

The Luther statue, created in 1899 by Friedrich Meinecke , stands a few meters above the tower passage.

In the tower passage there is a glass window with a King David motif donated by the builder Eduard Schlöbcke. On the north side of the tower there is a Luther statue by Friedrich Meinecke above the passage.

The oil painting Gang nach Emmaus comes from the church painter Rudolf Schäfer . It was financed in 1925 to commemorate those who fell in the First World War and hangs in the aisle. Next to it are two Expressionist wooden chandeliers by Johann Michael Bossard that were donated in 1926. A crucifix in the sacristy and a painted window by E. Hölle date from the same period .

The Winsen artist Erich Brüggemann created the larger than life figure of John the Evangelist from a trunk of linden . It stands in a niche above the pulpit. The head of Christ in the niche of the Tönnhausen floor is the work of the sculptor G. Schlumbom.

organ

View of the Ott organ
Ott organ

There were at least two predecessors before the organ now installed in the church . The probably first organ, a baroque instrument, was built in 1656 by the Lüneburg master Magnus Grimm. The last renovation of this organ took place probably in 1827/1828.

Because of its poor condition, the parish council decided in 1864 to replace the organ with a new one. It was 1888 when Furtwängler & Hammer ordered from Hannover, up from 11 March 1889 and on May 19 ( Cantata ) ordained .

In the 1950s, the organ was so vulnerable to repairs that it had to be replaced. It was demolished during the renovation of the church at the end of 1957 and replaced by the new building by organ builder Paul Ott from Göttingen . The organ consecration took place on December 18, 1960 (4th Sunday in Advent ). In 2004 the organ was renovated and its sound improved by organ builder Alexander Schuke from Potsdam .

The new organ was given an asymmetrical front on the north side of the west gallery, which was rebuilt during the renovation, so that music can be played with the choir or wind instruments at the same time. The instrument has about 2,700 pipes with a length of one centimeter up to six meters. It comprises four works , Rückpositiv , main , chest and pedal works, with 39 registers . The Rückpositiv and the breastwork can be linked to the Hauptwerk, the Hauptwerk and the Rückpositiv to the pedal. The current disposition is as follows:

I Rückpositiv C – g 3
01. Dumped 08th'
02. Wooden flute 08th'
03. Principal 04 ′
04th flute 04 ′
05. Forest flute 02 ′
06th Fifth 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
07th octave 01'
08th. Sesquialter II 0
09. Scharff III
10. Dulcian 16 ′
11. Krummhorn 08th'
Tremulant
II Hauptwerk C – g 3
12. Quintad 16 ′
13. Principal 08th'
14th Reed flute 08th'
15th octave 04 ′
16. flute 04 ′
17th Nasat 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
18th octave 02 ′
19th Cornett III 0
20th Mixture VI
21st Trumpet 08th'
III Breastwork C – g 3
22nd Wooden dacked 0 8th'
23. flute 4 ′
24. Principal 2 ′
25th third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
26th Fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
27. Zimbel III 0
28. Vox humana 8th'
Tremulant
Pedals C – f 1
29 Principal 16 ′
30th Sub bass 16 ′
31. octave 08th'
32. Dumped 08th'
33. octave 04 ′
34. Night horn 01'
35. Rauschpfeife II 0
36. Mixture V
37. trombone 16 ′
38. Trumpet 08th'
39. Schalmey 04 ′
  • Coupling : I / II, III / II, I / P, II / P

Peal

Bells in the church tower

With the construction of today's church tower between 1896 and 1897, St. Marien received a four-part bell, which was cast by the Otto bell foundry ; one of the bells was financed by donations from parishioners. The bells were named after the evangelists: Matthew (“Come to me all who are laborious and laden”, tone of, 1900 kg), Mark (“Repent and believe in the Gospel!”, Tone it, 1350 kg ), Lukas (“Come, because everything is ready!”, Tone f, 950 kg), Johannes (“He who is of the truth hears my voice”, tone as, 550 kg). On December 20, 1897, the bells in front of the church were consecrated and rang for the first time on Christmas Eve at the end of the service.

The bells survived the First World War . During the Second World War , the three larger bells and the bell bells were removed on September 22, 1942 as part of the metal donation of the German people . After the end of the war, the community received two bells from East Prussia from the bell cemetery in the port of Hamburg. They were hung in the tower in December 1951. The larger one was donated by Bogislaw Friedrich von Dönhoff in 1735 . The smaller Rochus bell comes from Mohrungen and was cast in Königsberg in 1730 .

In 2000, the church council decided to purchase two large bells to restore the original sound. They were cast by the Bachert bell foundry and consecrated on December 3rd (first Advent) of the same year. Since December 2000 there have been 5 bells in the tower of St. Mary's Church, including a bell from the bell foundry Otto's bell foundry in 1897.

No. Surname Casting year Caster Diameter
(mm)		 Mass
(kg)		 Nominal
(16th note)		 Inscription, notes
1 Christ 2000 Bachert 1440 1715 of the 1st Come to me, all of you who are troublesome and burdened, I will refresh you (Matthew 11:28)
2 Maria 2000 Bachert 1300 1292 it 1 My soul exalts the Lord and my spirit rejoices in God my Savior. (Luke 1, 46b, 47)
3 Dönhoff 1735 115 815 f 1 All that has breath, praise the Lord, Hallelujah
4th John 1897 Bell foundry Otto, Bremen-Hemelingen 980 581 as 1 Those who are of the truth hear my voice
5 Rochus 1730 730 220 ces 2 Sit noun domini benedictum

Church cemetery

The spin-off of the Winsener church from the Pattensener in 1233 enabled the community to carry out funerals independently. The graves were created north and south of the church at that time. The construction of the new church at the beginning of the 15th century meant that the aisle covered part of the graves. In the 17th and 18th centuries, burials took place inside the church, especially in front of and in the area of ​​the choir, at an additional cost. Presumably the foundations of the choir of the old church were destroyed, so that the exact location can no longer be determined. The burial practice inside had the superintendent Johann Christian Parisius terminated around 1800 and repaired the floor damaged by the burials in the course of this. In the church there was at least one family crypt belonging to the von der Weyhe family, which was probably located under the sacristy.

In the 18th century the cemetery next to the church became too small. As early as 1773 there were efforts to find a place for a larger cemetery outside the city. Around 1800 the conditions became so dramatic that there was no more place at the church to bury the dead. So the dead were buried on driveways and footpaths close to the houses, where the graves were reopened and ravaged by carts and cattle. Enclosure was not possible because there was a public way through the cemetery. The second preacher of St. Mary wrote in his complaint that "the fumes from the bodies buried and decayed under his window do not allow him to open the window". Only in 1812 was a suitable piece of land found on the small Richtkamp. But the negotiations lasted a long time, so that it was not until 17 years later, on October 11, 1829, that the new cemetery on Borsteler Chaussee, today's Lüneburger Strasse, was inaugurated. The old cemetery next to the church was still used for subsequent burials until the First World War. After several extensions, the new cemetery now covers 5.2  hectares . It is enclosed by a stone wall and has old trees.

In the summer of 2000, excavations took place in and around the church, during which the archaeologists were able to uncover graves again and examine the finds more closely. In addition to ordinary burials, skulls and muddled bones buried together were also uncovered, which are probably the remains of relocated graves. Inside the old church, the excavators found a bead made of bone as a burial object . It is believed that the pearl came from a rosary . The excavations also uncovered the remains of women's hats.

literature

  • Günther Hagen, Helmuth Reske: 750 years of St. Marien zu Winsen an der Luhe , Winsener Schriften Volume 3, Heimat- und Museumsverein Winsen, self-published 1983.
  • Ilona Johannsen, Jürgen Klahn: Winsen (Luhe) - The St. Mary's Church in Winsen , Verlag J. Stekovics, 2008, ISBN 978-3899231847 .
  • Günther Hagen: 175 years of Waldfriedhof Winsen (Luhe) , self-published by St. Marien Church, Winsen, 2004.
  • Jürgen Klahn, Wilfried Mertens: Source texts on the Winsener parish church St. Marien - Middle Ages and Reformation , Winsener Schriften, Volume 15, Heimat- und Museumsverlag. 2015, ISBN 978-3-946053-00-2 .
  • Günther Hagen: History of the city of Winsen an der Luhe , 3rd edition. 2007, ISBN 978-3-00-023537-5 .
  • Churches and parishes of the church district Winsen (Luhe) , publisher: Parish council of the church district Winsen (Luhe) self-published 1996.

Web links

Commons : St. Marienkirche (Winsen an der Luhe)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Jürgen Klahn, Wilfried Mertens: Source texts for the Winsener parish church St. Marien - Middle Ages and Reformation: The exchange of patronage and the independence of the church (1233) . In: Winsener Schriften . 2nd Edition. tape 15 . Heimat- und Museumsverein Winsen (Luhe), 2015, ISBN 978-3-946053-00-2 , p. 19-28 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Ilona Johannsen: The Church of St. Mary in Winsen (Luhe) . In: District calendar 2002. Yearbook for the district of Harburg . S. 7-20 .
  3. ↑ Jürgen Klahn, Wilfried Mertens: Source texts on the Winsener parish church St. Marien - Middle Ages and Reformation: The confirmation of the foundation of the St. George Altarpiece (01.12.1336) . In: Winsener Schriften . 2nd Edition. tape 15 . Heimat- und Museumsverein Winsen (Luhe), 2015, ISBN 978-3-946053-00-2 , p. 34-37 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Jürgen Klahn, Wilfried Mertens: Source texts on the Winsener parish church of St. Marien - Middle Ages and Reformation . In: Winsener Schriften . 2nd Edition. tape 15 . Heimat- und Museumsverein Winsen (Luhe), 2015, ISBN 978-3-946053-00-2 , p. 11-18 .
  5. ↑ Jürgen Klahn, Wilfried Mertens: Source texts on the Winsen parish church St. Marien - Middle Ages and Reformation: The Winsen rector Werner Bintremen (January 20, 1320) . In: Winsener Schriften . 2nd Edition. tape 15 . Heimat- und Museumsverein Winsen (Luhe), 2015, ISBN 978-3-946053-00-2 , p. 28-31 .
  6. ↑ Jürgen Klahn, Wilfried Mertens: Source texts on the Winsen parish church St. Marien - Middle Ages and Reformation: The Winsen rector Willekin certifies a donation contract (July 24th, 1350) . In: Winsener Schriften . 2nd Edition. tape 15 . Heimat- und Museumsverein Winsen (Luhe), 2015, ISBN 978-3-946053-00-2 , p. 38-41 .
  7. ↑ Jürgen Klahn, Wilfried Mertens: Source texts on the Winsen parish church St. Marien - Middle Ages and Reformation: The Winsen rector and ducal protonotary Heinrich von Offensen (November 8th, 1364) . In: Winsener Schriften . 2nd Edition. tape 15 . Heimat- und Museumsverein Winsen (Luhe), 2015, ISBN 978-3-946053-00-2 , p. 41-45 .
  8. ↑ Jürgen Klahn, Wilfried Mertens: Source texts on the Winsen parish church of St. Marien - Middle Ages and Reformation: The parishioner Dietrich Spoerken as trustee in the pledging of Meinersen Castle by Duke Magnus Torquatus (April 23, 1372) . In: Winsener Schriften . 2nd Edition. tape 15 . Heimat- und Museumsverein Winsen (Luhe), 2015, ISBN 978-3-946053-00-2 , p. 46-47 .
  9. ↑ Jürgen Klahn, Wilfried Mertens: Source texts on the Winsen parish church St. Marien - Middle Ages and Reformation: Soul masses agreed in a donation in the Winsen church (23.06.1382) . In: Winsener Schriften . 2nd Edition. tape 15 . Heimat- und Museumsverein Winsen (Luhe), 2015, ISBN 978-3-946053-00-2 , p. 48-52 .
  10. ↑ Jürgen Klahn, Wilfried Mertens: Source texts on the Winsen parish church St. Marien - Middle Ages and Reformation: The auxiliary bishop of Verden stays in Winsen for a "long time" (04.08.1415) . In: Winsener Schriften . 2nd Edition. tape 15 . Heimat- und Museumsverein Winsen (Luhe), 2015, ISBN 978-3-946053-00-2 , p. 52-54 .
  11. ↑ Jürgen Klahn, Wilfried Mertens: Source texts on the Winsener parish church St. Marien - Middle Ages and Reformation: The 3 vicariates under the patronage of the dukes (approx. 1445) . In: Winsener Schriften . 2nd Edition. tape 15 . Heimat- und Museumsverein Winsen (Luhe), 2015, ISBN 978-3-946053-00-2 , p. 107-108 .
  12. ↑ Jürgen Klahn, Wilfried Mertens: Source texts on the Winsener parish church St. Marien - Middle Ages and Reformation: The first known mention of the patronage “St. Marien "(November 19, 1464) . In: Winsener Schriften . 2nd Edition. tape 15 . Heimat- und Museumsverein Winsen (Luhe), 2015, ISBN 978-3-946053-00-2 , p. 112-113 .
  13. ↑ Jürgen Klahn, Wilfried Mertens: Source texts on the Winsener Franciscan monastery . In: Winsener Schriften . 1st edition. tape 16 . Heimat- und Museumsverein Winsen (Luhe), 2013, ISBN 978-3-9809115-7-3 , p. 3-4 .
  14. ↑ Jürgen Klahn, Wilfried Mertens: Source texts on the Winsener Franciscan monastery: The founding document of Duke Friedrich the Elder. Ä. (11/02/1477) . In: Winsener Schriften . 1st edition. tape 16 . Heimat- und Museumsverein Winsen (Luhe), 2013, ISBN 978-3-9809115-7-3 , p. 27-32 .
  15. ↑ a b c d e f Walter Gröll, Egon Schirm: St. Marien in Winsen (Luhe) . In: Churches and parishes of the church district Winsen (Luhe) . Evangelical Lutheran Church District Winsen (Luhe), 1996, p. 46-50 .
  16. ↑ Jürgen Klahn, Wilfried Mertens: Source texts on the Winsen Franciscan Monastery: The Winsener Council guarantees the Lüneburg Franciscans tax exemption for their Winsen appointments (17.09.1348) . In: Winsener Schriften . 1st edition. tape 16 . Heimat- und Museumsverein Winsen (Luhe), 2013, ISBN 978-3-9809115-7-3 , p. 16-18 .
  17. ↑ Jürgen Klahn, Wilfried Mertens: Source texts on the Winsener Franciscan monastery: Duke Ernst's letter of reply to Father Olderssen with the eviction order (July 12, 1528) . In: Winsener Schriften . 1st edition. tape 16 . Heimat- und Museumsverein Winsen (Luhe), 2013, ISBN 978-3-9809115-7-3 , p. 117-125 .
  18. ↑ Jürgen Klahn, Wilfried Mertens: Source texts on the Winsen parish church St. Marien - Middle Ages and Reformation: First Lutheran efforts in Winsen (16.06.1526) . In: Winsener Schriften . 2nd Edition. tape 15 . Heimat- und Museumsverein Winsen (Luhe), 2015, ISBN 978-3-946053-00-2 , p. 136-142 .
  19. ↑ Jürgen Klahn, Wilfried Mertens: Source texts on the Winsener parish church St. Marien - Middle Ages and Reformation: The state parliament resolution on the Reformation of the Principality of Lüneburg (August 17, 1527) . In: Winsener Schriften . 2nd Edition. tape 15 . Heimat- und Museumsverein Winsen (Luhe), 2015, ISBN 978-3-946053-00-2 , p. 142-144 .
  20. ↑ Jürgen Klahn, Wilfried Mertens: Source texts on the Winsener parish church St. Marien - Middle Ages and Reformation: The old duke wants to push back the Reformation (March 30, 1528) . In: Winsener Schriften . 2nd Edition. tape 15 . Heimat- und Museumsverein Winsen (Luhe), 2015, ISBN 978-3-946053-00-2 , p. 145-148 .
  21. ↑ Jürgen Klahn, Wilfried Mertens: Source texts for the Winsener parish church St. Marien - Middle Ages and Reformation: The spiritual places at the church in the mirror of the benefice register from 1534 . In: Winsener Schriften . 2nd Edition. tape 15 . Heimat- und Museumsverein Winsen (Luhe), 2015, ISBN 978-3-946053-00-2 , p. 153-155 .
  22. ↑ Jürgen Klahn, Wilfried Mertens: Source texts on the Winsen parish church St. Marien - Middle Ages and Reformation: Martin Ondermarck receives the vicarie SS. Cosmas & Damian (July 18, 1555) . In: Winsener Schriften . 2nd Edition. tape 15 . Heimat- und Museumsverein Winsen (Luhe), 2015, ISBN 978-3-946053-00-2 , p. 158-163 .
  23. ↑ a b c d e f g h Günther Hagen: From the wooden to the stone bell tower . In: 750 Years of St. Marien zu Winsen an der Luhe, Winsener Schriften, Volume 3 . Heimat- und Museumsverein Winsen (Luhe), 1983, p. 87-104 .
  24. ↑ a b c d Gisela Rasch: The organs of St. Marien. (PDF; 705 KB) St. Marien Winsen parish, accessed on September 15, 2019 .
  25. ↑ A short tour in the footsteps of Johann Peter Eckermann. In: Johann-Peter-Eckermann-Realschule. Retrieved March 20, 2020 .
  26. ↑ Gisela Rasch: The tower of the St. Marien Church. (PDF; 705 KB) St. Marien Winsen parish, accessed on September 15, 2019 .
  27. ↑ Martin Teske: The big ones in the country. An interesting search for traces in the marshes and heaths . 2nd Edition. tape 2 . Self-published manuscript, Radbruch December 2000, p. 84 .
  28. ↑ Gisela Rasch: The altar of the St. Marien Church. (PDF; 705 KB) St. Marien Winsen parish, accessed on September 15, 2019 .
  29. ↑ Gisela Rasch: Baptism. (PDF; 705 KB) St. Marien Winsen parish, accessed on September 15, 2019 .
  30. ↑ Gisela Rasch: The pulpit. (PDF; 705 KB) St. Marien Winsen parish, accessed on September 15, 2019 .
  31. ^ Gisela Rasch: Supraports. (PDF; 705 KB) St. Marien Winsen parish, accessed on September 15, 2019 .
  32. ↑ a b c Gisela Rasch: On a discovery tour in the St. Marien Church. (PDF; 705 KB) St. Marien Winsen parish, accessed on September 15, 2019 .
  33. ↑ a b c d e The organ of the St. Marien Church. In: Church music in Winsen. Retrieved September 14, 2019 .
  34. ↑ a b Gisela Rasch: The bells of the St. Marien Church. (PDF; 705 KB) St. Marien Winsen parish, accessed on September 15, 2019 .
  35. ↑ Information on the bells , pages 27 ff.
  36. ^ Günther Hagen: 175 years Waldfriedhof Winsen. 2nd ext. Edition 2005
  37. ↑ Information about the forest cemetery and the types of grave offered. In: St. Marien in Winsen. Retrieved September 21, 2019 .
  38. ↑ Winsen administers three municipal cemeteries. In: City of Winsen. Retrieved September 21, 2019 .

Coordinates: 53 ° 21 ′ 49.7 "  N , 10 ° 12 ′ 24.7"  E