St. Johann Baptist (Bergkirchen)
The Catholic parish church of St. Johann Baptist in Bergkirchen in the Upper Bavarian district of Dachau goes back to a pre-Romanesque church building. The oldest preserved part of the church is the basement of the bell tower, which dates back to Romanesque times. The current church was built in the 1730s according to plans by Johann Michael Fischer in the late Baroque style. The church is dedicated to John the Baptist .
history
The place "Percchiricha" and the church were first mentioned in documents as early as 814. In 842 the church is called "basilica". In the Konradinische Matrikel , the list of goods of the Diocese of Freising compiled in 1315/16, the four subsidiary churches of the original parish Bergkirchen are listed: St. Nikolaus in Deutenhausen , St. Jakobus in Oberbachern , St. Augustinus in Feldgeding and St. Bartholomäus in Breitenau .
In the first half of the 16th century, the medieval church was probably enlarged and the bell tower was raised in the late Gothic style . Around 1695, the tower was rebuilt in the Baroque style . After the west wall was badly damaged by a storm in 1726, the dilapidated church was demolished in 1731 and a new building began under the direction of Johann Michael Fischer , one of the most important architects of the late baroque era. The stucco work was carried out between 1732 and 1738 . The original ceiling frescoes by Johannes Zick from 1735/36 were removed in 1884 when the nave vault was renewed, including the stucco decoration. In 1921 the organ gallery was expanded into a double gallery .
architecture
Exterior construction
In front of the west facade is the tower, which is covered with a gable roof , in the basement of which tuff blocks from the previous Romanesque building have been preserved. The late Gothic middle section is structured by glare fields with serrated and zigzag friezes. The baroque upper structure with clock and sound arcades is set off by profiled cornices . The confessional chapel is built to the south of the tower. In the north of the choir there is the sacristy , in the south the job chapel. The entrance is integrated into a small vestibule on the south side.
inner space
The nave , a central space with a rectangular floor plan with bevelled corners, refers to the patronage of John the Baptist and the early Christian baptisteries , which also had an octagonal floor plan. The strongly drawn-in, almost oblong oval choir is just closed on its east side. It is covered by a Bohemian vault, which is decorated with stucco from the construction period. The flattened barrel vault in the nave, a Rabitz construction , is divided into three sections by belt arches . The capitals of the pilasters , like the stucco ceiling in the choir, have been preserved from the construction period. A protruding double gallery forms the western end of the nave .
Frescoes
The ceiling frescoes were recreated by Richard Holzner from 1937 to 1945. In the nave the birth of John the Baptist is depicted, in the choir the baptism of Jesus .
Furnishing
- The high altar is a work from around 1760. The carved figures of St. Anna and St. Joachim are attributed to Johann Baptist Straub . The figures on the side, Dismas , the good thief on the left , and St. Christopher on the right , also date from the Rococo period . The Madonna in the halo under the canopy is a neo-baroque creation from 1937.
- The cross altar on the north wall of the nave dates from 1736/37. The crucifixion group is a work by Bartholomäus and Johann Georg Schupaur. Two angels collect the blood of Jesus that flows from his wounds in goblets. Under the cross stand Mary , the Mother of Sorrows , who pierces her breast with a sword, and the apostle John . Mary Magdalene kneels at the foot of the cross .
- The altar of the Job Chapel dates from the same time as the cross altar. The altar panel was painted around 1650 and is signed “Johann Wilhelm Holzmayr”. It depicts the story of the long- suffering job , at whose side the founder Georg Christoph von Hundt and his wife stand. In the background you can see the family castle, Lauterbach Castle , which was set on fire by the Swedes during the Thirty Years War . The small white dog in the foreground refers to the name of the donor couple. The carved figures on the altar bar represent Saint Leonard and Saint Catherine of Siena .
- The pulpit from stucco marble was created 1735th The symbols of the evangelists are attached to the pulpit .
- The oak pews from 1732 are decorated with carved acanthus cheeks . Like the confessionals, they belong to the late baroque church furnishings .
- The octagonal baptismal font made of red marble comes from the late Gothic period. The statuette of John the Baptist on the wooden lid is an 18th century addition.
Cross altar
pulpit
confessional
Church chair cheek
organ
The first organ was a work by the organ builder Philipp Rädler from 1777 with a disposition that has not been handed down . In 1921 Albert Moser built a work in the baroque case in line with the Alsatian organ reform , with 15 stops on two manuals and pedal . This organ was replaced in 1972 by an instrument by Anton Staller with 12 registers, also with two manuals and a pedal.
Tombstones
Numerous gravestones have been set into the inner and outer walls of the church.
- The Gothic grave plate made of sandstone for Margaretha von Eisolzried († 1308) is decorated with an incised drawing, a cross on a clover leaf arch. It is considered to be the oldest preserved grave slab in the Dachau district .
- The late Gothic red marble epitaph from 1471 for the knight Ulrich Stazinger (Stätzlinger) von Eisolzried is attributed to the Munich stonemason Matthäus Haldner.
- The priest's tombstones on the outer wall date from the 16th to 19th centuries.
literature
- Handbook of German Art Monuments - Bavaria IV - Munich and Upper Bavaria . 2nd edition, Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-422-03010-7 , pp. 124–125.
- Lothar Altmann: Catholic parish church St. Johannes Baptist Bergkirchen (= Little Art Guide No. 1547). 3rd completely revised edition, Verlag Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-7954-5252-0 .
Web links
- Parish church St. Johannes Baptist in Bergkirchen Churches and chapels in the Dachauer Land (accessed on 23 August 2017)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Georg Brenninger: Organs in Old Bavaria . Bruckmann, Munich 1982, ISBN 3-7654-1859-5 , pp. 63, 157 and 176
Coordinates: 48 ° 15 ′ 19 ″ N , 11 ° 21 ′ 48.1 ″ E