St. Simon and Juda (Neunhofen)
The Evangelical Lutheran , listed church of St. Simon and Judas is visible from afar on a hill of Neunhofen , a district of the city of Neustadt an der Orla in the Saale-Orla district in Thuringia . The parish Neunhofen belongs to the parish area Neustadt / Orla in church circle Schleiz the Evangelical Church in Central Germany .
history
Queen Richeza (995-1063), whose monument stands on the staircase to the church, is considered the founder of the Neunhofen Church. After the death of her husband, she had had the rich Ezzonian heritage since 1047 , which included the province of Saalfeld and the country of Orla, among others. She settled in Saalfeld and stayed there until her death. Already in 1056 it transferred all of its property to the Archbishopric of Cologne . From there, in 1071, Archbishop Anno II attached the church and parish of Neunhofen to the Benedictine monastery in Saalfeld, which he founded in the same year . The church is thus the “mother church of Orlagau”.
architecture
On the Dohlenberg - a rock that drops steeply in the east, south and west - the stone-sighted Romanesque church was built from ashlar . It consisted of the rectangular still maintained today nave with an entrance in the southwest, a drawn, low choir , which not long after the construction of the choir tower was set up, and an eastern apse . In the tower, which is covered by a tall pointed helmet and flanked by four small helmets at the corners, hang four bells . The oldest, the so-called farmer's bell, dates from 1354. Three more hard-cast iron bells were cast in 1958 by Schilling & Lattermann from Apolda. On the outside of the tower hangs a small bell from 1519, which was made by the bell founder Rosenberger. In the first half of the 13th century the apse was replaced by a rectangular, recessed choir.
The church was enlarged to the north in the 15th century. In the western nave, a two-story, rectangular room was separated shortly after the church was built. The room on the ground floor has a barrel vault , the three original arched openings to the church are bricked up. The room is only accessible from the north through an entrance. Above is a room that was previously flat , but is now open to the roof structure. Access is via a former west door that is accessible from the outside and via the southern gallery . The use of these two rooms has not yet been clarified. The north adjoining chapel with a crypt shows the typical wall structure Opus spicatum and is spanned with a groin vault. To the west was connected to another component , which is only recognizable through the edge of the north-west corner of the chapel. In 1409 the choir area was given a vault and a pointed arched passage to the chapel. In 1699 the nave received a new flat ceiling with framed rectangular and round fields made of stucco . The church furnishings were also brought in. Repair work was carried out at the end of the 18th century, and more in 1874 and 1969/1970.
On the walls of the nave, which is covered with a gable roof and bat dormers , were small high-lying arched windows from the first phase of construction that are now walled up . The current window openings date from 1699 and 1794. On both sides of the nave there are larger openings that served as entrances to the patron s boxes. The lancet windows on the north wall of the choir date from the 1st half of the 13th century. On the east wall there are two stone reliefs , on the left with two figures from the beginning of the 13th century, on the right with the crucifixion and the inscription "1367". The single-storey gallery has putti stuccoed on its parapet . The original choir area has had a ribbed vault on consoles since 1409 , with ornamented keystones at the corners . The original yokes of the choir are structured with pilasters . The vault ribs begin above the cranked beams . On the east wall there is a stone cafeteria and a piscina in a wall niche .
Furnishing
A winged altar that can be changed twice was inscribed in 1487. It comes from the master of the Schwarza Altarpiece and was last restored in 1969/1970. When fully open, the festival side shows colored wooden statuettes before the crucifixion , flanked by numerous saints . On the side of the wings there are four male saints on the left and four female saints on the right. On the half-open Sunday page four painted scenes of the Passion of Christ can be seen. The closed weekday page shows the Annunciation on the right and the birth of Christ on the left. In the cracks , Christ as judge of the world is flanked by two holy bishops . Another winged altar from 1519 is located on the southern ground floor of the tower (last restored in 1969/70). In the main picture it shows a carved semi-sculptural Pietà , in the left side wings Katharina , Barbara , Dorothea and Margaretha . On the right are Elisabeth , Gertrud , Magdalena and Helena . The back of the wings show (presumably) Saint Ulrich on the left and Martin on the right . The corresponding predella (on the wall opposite) shows the Lord's Supper . In the middle of the room there is a baptismal font composed of two older baptismal fonts. The stone pulpit was attached to the north of the triumphal arch in 1699 . The lower gallery is laid out in the shape of a horseshoe. It houses the former patronage box. The upper transverse pore carries the organ by Edmund Schulze, son of Johann Friedrich Schulze . It was built in 1874 and has 14 stops , divided into two manuals and a pedal . A crucifixion relief on the outside wall of the church dates from 1367.
literature
- Dehio-Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Thuringia. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-422-03095-6 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ St. Simon and Judah on EKMD
- ↑ Information board at the staircase to the church
- ↑ Information on the organ
Coordinates: 50 ° 43 ′ 38.1 ″ N , 11 ° 42 ′ 57.1 ″ E