City railway arches (Vienna)
The light rail arches in Vienna are historical traffic structures that originate from the former Viennese steam light rail or the Viennese electric light rail that emerged from it and are now part of the Vienna S-Bahn or the Vienna U-Bahn . In 2019, a total of 458 of these viaduct arches still exist , 54 of them from 1859, 342 from 1898, 54 from 1901 and eight replicas from 1989. Most of the vaults or arcades - together with the station buildings - were designed by Art Nouveau architects Otto Wagner designed as a by-product of the Stadtbahn and are listed . That is why they are sometimes also called Otto Wagner bows . Since most of Vienna's Stadtbahnbögen can be found in the course of the former Stadtbahn belt line , i.e. along the western belt , other alternative names are belt arches and belt viaduct . The older arches on the connecting cableway, however, go back to the architect Carl Ritter von Ghega .
The belt line is currently used by the U-Bahn line 6 , while the Obere Wientallinie by the U-Bahn line 4 , the suburban line by the S-Bahn line 45 and the connecting line, today's main line , by various S-Bahn -Lines is served. Thus, a large part of the arches still serves their original purpose as a traffic structure. In contrast, the Nussdorfer Straße - Heiligenstadt section of the belt line has been closed since 1996 and a large part of the connecting arc between the belt line and the Danube Canal line has been closed since 1991. On these two sections, a total of 121 arcs are now without rail traffic.
description
The base of the viaduct is similar to the 1882 finished Berliner Stadtbahnbögen , in brick performed while the foundations of sand breakage from the Wiener forest was used. The visible surfaces clad with facing bricks were enlivened by individual decorations in stone . This includes partly medium-hard sand-lime bricks from the Leithagebirge and partly Zogelsdorfer Stein . The viaduct arches, which are arched on average with quarter pillars, are waterproofed with an eight centimeter thick concrete layer and a layer of two centimeters natural asphalt on top. The slope is based on the vaulted pillars, in which extendable pipes ensure the drainage of the water. The masonry has a stone cornice at the top , in which the iron, so-called light rail railings, interrupted by small pillars above the abutments, are cast. The pillars also housed the chimneys for the shops in the viaduct arches.
However, the execution of the routes at high altitude varies depending on the distance from the city center. The arches of the belt line consist of brickwork , while those of the peripheral suburb line have a less filigree ashlar masonry .
The arches are partially clad with natural stone masonry, with smooth and rusticated (rough) surfaces alternating like stripes, sometimes stone on brick layers. The outer skin of the buildings usually consists of a layer of precisely bricked, double- grouted - originally light yellow - Bohemian clinker bricks , with a joint width of eight millimeters. Otto Wagner had designed various facades to close the vaults. He always subdivided the facade surface with a horizontal line into an arched field and a rectangle below. The other divisions result from the arc size, which changes with the undulating terrain of the belt. Adjacent arches are partially connected to one another by 3.00 meter wide crosscuts , these increase usability.
The exposed bricks of the viaducts stand in stark contrast to the white plaster of the stations; apart from the tram, Wagner did not plan or build any brick facades. However, two studies by Wagner at the beginning of his design work for the Stadtbahn show arches with plastered facades like those of the stations.
numbering
The historical sheets are numbered consecutively with Arabic numbers , with gaps and double numbering and some of the sheets have no number. Additional letters are also occasionally used. The replicas, in turn, are differentiated using Roman numerals . The Wiener Linien mark their vaults with oval number plates with black writing on a white background, while the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) use rectangular blue plates with white writing. The designation "Stadtbahnbogen + number + postcode + city" partially replaces the regular postal address or building address , that is, street and house number are omitted. However, for better orientation, the neighboring street is usually also indicated.
use
The light rail arches partially serve as usable area, the builders of the light rail have considered the rooms in the viaduct arches as rentable property from the start. This considerably mitigates the barrier-like character of a brick elevated railway line in the middle of the city area, although Otto Wagner himself would have preferred to leave the arches open in terms of urban design.
In the light rail arches, businesses with low environmental impact, such as a cabinet-making workshop , but even exclusive shops such as Julius Meinl , established themselves . The entrepreneurs in question often manage two or more adjacent arches. In the outskirts, they were originally mostly used as warehouses and magazines, but craft and other commercial enterprises settled in the more densely populated residential areas. In the area of the northern belt line, many tenants took advantage of the possibility of a siding to the neighboring Franz-Josefs-Bahn .
In 1934, when the commission for transport facilities in Vienna , which was responsible for the city railway, was dissolved and its infrastructure including viaduct arches was transferred to the municipality of Vienna, the Austrian Federal Railways acquired some of the land below. In 2000 they acted as the lessor of the vaults under the rails used by numerous traders.
Because the commercial enterprises increasingly disappeared over time, many arches were empty for decades. At the end of the 1990s, the City of Vienna therefore launched an initiative to revitalize the Stadtbahn arches, whereupon some trendy bars and craft businesses settled in the 8th and 9th districts. The EU community initiative URBAN was used under the name URBAN Vienna - Gürtel Plus . Along the Danube Canal , 13 arches near the Zaha Hadid House were also revitalized as part of a newly created art and gastronomy mile in 2008 and 2009 .
Many of the revitalized arches were provided with large, uniform panoramic glazing on both sides of the route, which blend harmoniously into the strict geometry of the viaduct. Dungeons that were locked and boarded up were transformed into bright, inviting places. This confirms Otto Wagner's original design, who had already planned the arches to be transparent and therefore less bulky. Inside, the architectural substance of the old brick vaults was visibly integrated into the modern furnishings in many of the rooms as part of the revival.
Sometimes the tenants use their company name to explicitly refer to their particular location. These include, for example, the KunstBOGEN gallery , the Schnittbogen textile workshop , the B72 bar in arches number 72-73, the Kulturbogen association , the Brandauers Bierbögen beer bar, the Red Arch of the SPÖ Ottakring, the venues Venster 99 and Lichtbogen 334 in the corresponding vaults number 99 and 334 or with the CrossZone a fitness center, which has its premises divided into five so-called training arcs , a therapy arena and an outdoor archery .
Overview
The following table provides an overview of all the bows still available:
route | admission | number | numbering | parallel streets | section |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Upper Viennese line 10 arches |
7th | 1U-7U | Hackinger Kai | Bridge over the Vienna River > Zufferbrücke underpass coordinates |
|
3 | 8U-10U | Hietzinger Kai | Zufferbrücke underpass> St. Veiter bridge overpass coordinates |
||
Waistline 290 arches |
8th | I – VIII not written |
Dunklergasse |
Längenfeldgasse station > bridge over the coordinates line |
|
8th | 3-10 | west: Sechshauser belt east: Gumpendorfer belt |
Bridge over the line> Station Gumpendorfer Straße coordinates |
||
4th | 11-14 not written |
Mariahilfer belt | Gumpendorfer Strasse station, coordinates superimposed on the station facade |
||
4th | 15-18 not written |
Larkfield Belt |
Thaliastraße station > Thaliastraße / Lerchenfelder Straße underpass coordinates |
||
10 | 19-28 | Larkfield Belt | Underpass Thaliastraße / Lerchenfelder Straße> Underpass Pfeilgasse coordinates |
||
8th | 29-36 | Larkfield Belt | Pfeilgasse underpass> Sanettystraße underpass coordinates |
||
5 | 37-41 | Larkfield Belt | Sanettystraße underpass> Josefstädter Straße underpass coordinates |
||
7th | 42–48 not written |
Larkfield Belt | Underpass Josefstädter Straße> Underpass Friedmanngasse ( station Josefstädter Straße , overlaid by the station facade) coordinates |
||
9 | 49-57 | Hernals belt | Underpass Friedmanngasse> Underpass Laudongasse coordinates |
||
10 | 58-67 | Hernals belt | Laudongasse underpass> Breitenfelder Gasse underpass coordinates |
||
10 | 68-77 | Hernals belt | Breitenfelder Gasse underpass> Alser Straße underpass coordinates |
||
11 | 78-82, 82A, 83-87 | Hernals belt | Underpass Alser Straße> Underpass Hernalser Hauptstraße Station Alser Straße coordinates |
||
3 | 88, 88A, 89 not written |
Hernals belt | Hernalser Hauptstrasse underpass> Lazarettgasse underpass (Alser Strasse station, overlaid by the station facade) Coordinates |
||
11 | 90-100 | Währinger belt | Lazarettgasse underpass> Borschkegasse underpass coordinates |
||
11 | 101-111 | Währinger belt |
Michelbeuern depot > underpass Severingasse coordinates |
||
3 | 112-114 | Währinger belt | Severingasse underpass> Klammergasse underpass coordinates |
||
5 | 115-119 | Währinger belt | Underpass Klammergasse> bridge over Schulgasse, Währinger Straße and Fuchsthallergasse coordinates |
||
4th | 120–123 not written |
Währinger belt | Bridge over Schulgasse, Währinger Strasse and Fuchsthallergasse> Gentzgasse underpass ( Währinger Strasse station, overlaid by the station facade) Coordinates |
||
7th | 124-130 | Währinger belt | Gentzgasse underpass> Säulengasse underpass coordinates |
||
11 | 131-141 | Währinger belt | Underpass Säulengasse> Underpass Michaelerstraße coordinates |
||
9 | 142-150 | Währinger belt | Michaelerstraße underpass> Sternwartestraße underpass coordinates |
||
7th | 151-157 | Währinger belt | Underpass Sternwartestrasse> Underpass Anastasius-Grün-Gasse coordinates |
||
8th | 158-165 | Währinger belt | Underpass Anastasius-Grün-Gasse> Underpass Marsanogasse coordinates |
||
2 | 166-167 | Währinger belt | Marsanogasse underpass> Lustkandlgasse underpass coordinates |
||
7th | 168-174 | Währinger belt | Underpass Lustkandlgasse> station Nußdorfer Straße coordinates |
||
4th | 175–178 not written |
Währinger belt | Station Nußdorfer Straße, coordinates superimposed on the station facade |
||
6th | 179-184 | Währinger belt | Station Nußdorfer Straße> Underpass Nußdorfer Straße coordinates |
||
9 | 185-193 | Dobling belt | Underpass Nußdorfer Straße> Underpass Glatzgasse coordinates |
||
14th | 194-207 | Dobling belt | Glatzgasse underpass> junction of the connection arch coordinates |
||
11 | 208-218 | Dobling belt | Junction connecting arch> underpass Heiligenstädter Straße coordinates |
||
43 | 219-261 | Heiligenstädter Strasse | Heiligenstädter Strasse underpass> Franz-Ippisch-Steg coordinates |
||
21st | 262-282 | Heiligenstädter Strasse | Franz-Ippisch-Steg> Overpass over the Franz-Josefs-Bahn coordinates |
||
Suburban line 50 arches |
9 | 283-291 | no | Overpass over the Franz-Josefs-Bahn> overpass Heiligenstädter Straße coordinates |
|
5 | 292–296 not written |
no | Overpass Heiligenstädter Straße> former stop Vienna Unter-Döbling coordinates |
||
1 | ? | no | coordinates integrated into the Gersthof station |
||
1 | 297 not written to |
no | Overpass Hernalser Hauptstraße> Station Hernals coordinates |
||
10 | 298-307 | Weinheimergasse | Arnethgasse underpass> Ottakringer Straße underpass coordinates |
||
1 | 308 not written to |
no | coordinates integrated into the Hernals station |
||
7th | 309-315 | Weinheimergasse | Underpass Ottakringer Straße> Underpass Thaliastraße coordinates |
||
7th | 316–322 not written |
no | Underpass Thaliastraße> station Ottakring coordinates |
||
1 | 323 not written to |
no | coordinates integrated into the Ottakring station |
||
1 | 324 not written to |
west: Amortgasse east: Drechslergasse |
Goldschlagstrasse Bridge> Linzer Strasse underpass coordinates |
||
7th | 325–331 not written |
no | Linzer Straße underpass> Penzing station coordinates |
||
Connection arch 54 arches |
6th | 301–306 not written |
Spittelauer Lände |
Friedensbrücke station > underpass at Zaha-Hadid-Haus (western access ramp) coordinates |
|
16 | 307–322 not written |
Spittelauer Lände | Friedensbrücke station> underpass at Zaha-Hadid-Haus (eastern access ramp) coordinates |
||
14th | 323-335, 335A not written |
Spittelauer Lände | Underpass at Zaha-Hadid-Haus> Underpass Spittelauer Lände coordinates |
||
10 | 336–345 not written |
no | Spittelauer Lände underpass> Spittelau coordinates station |
||
1 | 347 not written to |
no | Spittelau station> Heiligenstädter Strasse underpass ( Wiener Gürtel Strasse passage , Gürtelbrücke driveway ) Coordinates |
||
7th | 348-354 | Dobling belt | Heiligenstädter Straße underpass> junction with the belt line coordinates |
||
Connecting track 54 arches |
6th | 1-6 | west: Obere Viaduktgasse east: Untere Viaduktgasse |
Passage Kolonitzgasse> Radetzkyplatz underpass coordinates |
|
18th | 7-24 | west: Obere Viaduktgasse east: Untere Viaduktgasse |
Radetzkyplatz underpass> Obere Weißgerberstraße underpass coordinates |
||
1 | 25th | west: Obere Viaduktgasse east: Untere Viaduktgasse |
Underpass Obere Weißgerberstraße> Underpass Dampfschiffstraße coordinates |
||
1 | ? | no | Underpass Dampfschiffstraße coordinates |
||
1 | ? | no | Underpass Schüttelstraße coordinates |
||
27 | 1-27 | west: Helenengasse east: Stoffellagasse |
Underpass Schüttelstraße> Praterstern coordinates |
The arches of the connecting railway, which opened in 1859, are significantly older than the others. In addition, the Floridsdorfer Elevated Railway, which opened in 1916, is routed mainly on viaduct arches in the Vienna city area , 114 in total. Experiences from the construction of the light rail were incorporated.
Torn off arches
A total of 36 other light rail arches on the southern belt line fell victim to the new construction of the Längenfeldgasse underground station, which opened in 1989, and the associated reconstruction of the access routes from 1985 :
- 8 arches between the Meidling Hauptstrasse station and the former bridge over Storchengasse / Gierstergasse
- 11 arches between the former bridge over Storchengasse / Gierstergasse and the former bridge over Stiegergasse / Längenfeldgasse
- 4 arches between the former bridge over the Stiegergasse / Längenfeldgasse and the former bridge of the belt line over the Untere Wientallinie
- 5 arches between the former bridge of the belt line over the Untere Wientallinie and the former bridge over the Koblingergasse
- 8 arches between the former bridge over Koblingergasse and the bridge over the line
The latter group of arches was replaced by the new arches I – VIII, which, however, in contrast to their historical models, have a much steeper gradient.
The single arch 346 in the area of the connecting arch, in turn, was demolished after this section was closed in 1991. It had to make way for the new Vienna Spittelau traffic station , which went into operation in 1995/1996.
In addition, the Viennese connection line to the North Station used to be routed around the northern (outer city) part of the Praterstern on viaduct arches, with the Praterstern stop above the main avenue . These were removed at the end of the 1950s in order to create space for the new Praterstern station under a modified track as part of today's S-Bahn trunk line across the Praterstern .
literature
- Andreas Lehne , Stefan Oláh: Stadtbahnbogen . Metroverlag, Vienna 2012, ISBN 978-3-99300-085-1 .
Web links
- Wiener Zeitung : Light Rail Arches in a New Light ( Memento from October 30, 2005 in the Internet Archive )
- Wiener Stadtbahn: Belt Line (U6) "Old Arches - New Life" ( Memento from May 1, 2006 in the Internet Archive )
- Wiener Stadtbahnbögen on tramway.at, accessed on April 19, 2020
Individual evidence
- ↑ The Viennese Stadtbahn and its buildings (first part), In: Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung . Year 1898, number 16, pp. 182–183.
- ^ Hans Peter Pawlik, Josef Otto Slezak: Wagner's work for Vienna. Total work of art Stadtbahn (= International Archive for Locomotive History. Volume 44). Slezak, Vienna 1999, ISBN 3-85416-185-9 , p. 62
- ^ Roland Tusch: The Viennese light rail. In: Denkmail. News from the Monument Protection Initiative, number 10, February – March 2012, ISSN 2219-2417 , pp. 27–28.
- ↑ back
- ↑ a b Wiener Stadtbahn: Belt Line (U6) "Old Arches - New Life" ( Memento from May 1, 2006 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Stadtbahnbögen: From Otto Wagner to today on orf.at
- ^ A b Hans Peter Pawlik, Josef Otto Slezak: Wagner's work for Vienna. Total work of art Stadtbahn (= International Archive for Locomotive History. Volume 44). Slezak, Vienna 1999, ISBN 3-85416-185-9 , p. 55
- ↑ a b City railway arches on the Danube Canal are to be revitalized. Gastro and art mile in front of Spittelau planned until autumn 2009. - A park-and-ride facility with 300 parking spaces is also being built. In: Der Standard / APA , October 6, 2008, accessed November 19, 2019.
- ^ Hans Peter Pawlik, Josef Otto Slezak: Wagner's work for Vienna. Total work of art Stadtbahn (= International Archive for Locomotive History. Volume 44). Slezak, Vienna 1999, ISBN 3-85416-185-9 , p. 83
- ↑ Confusion about the monument: Nobody feels responsible. On: WienerZeitung.at. March 6, 2000, accessed October 17, 2017.
- ↑ Martin Stuhlpfarrer: New Plans: The Revival of the Danube Canal. In: Die Presse , December 2, 2008, accessed November 19, 2019.
- ↑ Volker Mehnert: Old arches, new life. The belt: Vienna's periphery in the middle of the city is experiencing a renaissance. In: black and white. The travel magazine, undated, accessed on November 18, 2019.
- ^ "The Italian Loop " Construction - Destruction - Decay - Restoration of the Floridsdorfer Hochbahn on bahn-austria.at, accessed on October 1, 2017
- ↑ See: aerial photo of the Praterstern from the 1930s. In: My Postcards Part 17. Posting from March 2, 2013 in: Drehscheibe Online (direct link to the picture on directupload.net (jpg) ): In the center of the picture the Praterstern with the route leading to the north; on the right the Praterstern stop; on the left the former North Station. Retrieved November 19, 2019.