Strongoli

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Strongoli
Template: Infobox municipality in Italy / maintenance / coat of arms missingNo coat of arms available.
Strongoli (Italy)
Strongoli
Country Italy
region Calabria
province Crotone  (KR)
Coordinates 39 ° 16 '  N , 17 ° 4'  E Coordinates: 39 ° 16 '0 "  N , 17 ° 4' 0"  E
height 342  m slm
surface 85.56 km²
Residents 6,424 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 75 inhabitants / km²
Post Code 88816
prefix 0962
ISTAT number 101025
Popular name Strongolesi
Patron saint Mary mother of God
Website comune-italia.it
Strongoli, north view from the valley, 2016

Strongoli is a southern Italian municipality ( comune ) with 6424 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019) in the province of Crotone in Calabria . The municipality is located about 21 kilometers northwest of Crotone on the Ionian Sea .

history

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Strongoli lies on top of, or at least close to, the remains of the earlier Petelia settlement. According to legend, Philoctetes is said to be 700 BC. BC with his companions first founded a settlement at Petelia, which later fell into oblivion. Throughout history, Petelia has been colonized by the Grossians , the inhabitants of the former Calabria. The ethnic composition was indigenous, but consisted mainly of shepherds, slaves and bandits of the Lucanians . Inscriptions from the fifth century BC confirm that the population had social relations with Crotone , and it thus came under the sphere of influence of the mighty Croton. At the time, Kroton was constantly at war with Thourioi, as it was about political and economic supremacy. Therefore, Petelia was fortified in order to be able to lead attacks against Thourioi . This war did not stop until 510 BC. When Croton conquered the city of Thourioi in just 70 days. Around 400 BC Petelia became the capital of the Lucanians, which 300 BC. Were completely under Roman rule.

264 BC The Punic Wars began . Petelia had built a reputation for herself in the two wars through long resistance to Hannibal . Between 216 and 215 BC The whole of Bruttium had already been conquered by the Puni, including Croton, but the inhabitants of Petelia held out against Hannibal's army for a long time. This siege was to last over 11 months. The people of Petelia, close to starvation, ate dead animals, tree bark and chewed leather. Many preferred to kill themselves in the end before Petelia had to surrender. During the eleven months of the siege, a small Petelia delegation asked the Roman Curia for help, but was turned down because the Roman armies were busy on other battlefields. The Romans were also well aware of the difficulties Petelia would face - on the one hand, freedom if they surrendered to the enemy forces, but made such enormous sacrifices to the enemy because they could hold it for so long - on the other, such powerful cities like Croton, who immediately surrendered. Petelia was entrusted to Bruzi after the destruction. Everything below the city walls had to die, including the consul Marcello. Because of this long resistance, which gave Rome a lead over Carthage , and the possibility of retaking other cities, Hannibal and Kroton left Petelia with over 1,000 inhabitants. As a result, Petelia had a bond of friendship with Rome and was later given the autonomous right to mint and issue her own coins, to issue her own laws and to appoint her own judges. This great achievement earned Petilia the nickname "the second sagunto " because this Spanish city was also loyal to Rome. The Latin author Silio Italico later wrote: "Fumabat VERSIS incenses Petelia tectis, infelix fidei miseraeque secunda Sagunto".

In 71 BC The gladiator Spartacus hid from the Roman troops with his army in the mountains west of Petelia.

The center lost its reputation during the imperial era and was only defeated by the Ostrogoths and Byzantines after the Greco-Gothic War (535–553) . The place received renewed prestige when Justinian the Great (482-565), the last Byzantine emperor, had the old castle reconstructed in a round shape "Greek-strongylos" on the Acropolis of Petelia. This gave the place the name Strongylos, from which the current name Strongoli was later derived.

In the 10th century the center was besieged and conquered by the Saracens who ruled it for a few years until the Byzantines were re-conquered. The new center experienced the rule of the Normans (1080–1194) and the Hohenstaufen (1194–1269) before it came to the Anjou (1269), under which it was in 1349 the Sanseverinos and others Count v. Miletus, Ruggero II Sansevierino (1312-1376) was entrusted. This ruled until 1390. Then it came under the Marchesen Niccolò Ruffo di Crotone. In the 15th century Strongoli was again administered by the Sanseverino family until it was sold in 1605 by Don Nicola Bernardino Sanseverino, Prince of Bisignano , to Battista Campitelli, Count of Melissa (1545-1608), for 70,000 ducats . He lived in Strongoli Castle until he died there. His estate was divided among his four sons after his death. The castle of Strongoli was assigned to Annibale Campitelli (1590-1624), who lived there with his sister Giovanna, in 1620, including the principality of Strongoli, which was established with the title "Prince of Strongoli" by King Fillippo III of Habsburg Spain. After his death, the Principality of Strongoli passed from 1624 to 1668 to his brother Francesco Campitelli, Prince of Strongoli II and Count of Melissa (1596–1668), who died without an heir, however, as he had only 2 illegitimate daughters. Thus goods and titles went to Prince of Strongoli III, to his nephew Domenico Pignatelli (1631–1698), the son of his sister Giovanna (1666–1723). He also died childless and was inherited after his death in 1668 by Don Girolamo Pignatelli (1645-1728), Prince of Strongoli IV, Duke of Tolve II. He was the son of Pignatelli's sister, who had married a nephew Pignatellis. His wife gave birth to a daughter, Lucrezia Pignatelli (1704-1760), who was later married to Ferdinand Pignatelli de Monteleone (1689-1767). In 1754 Lucrezia Pignatelli (1704–1760) got the Principality of Strongoli due to her degree of relationship (cousin) to Prince Andrea Bonito and became Princess of Strongoli V. After the death of Lucrezia her son, Salvatore Pignatelli (1730–1792), by court decision on April 7, 1761 title and lands of Strongoli, subject to the payment of a fee of 1,360 ducats. He was the 6th Prince of Strongoli. He paid the sum in advance in 1743, 1746 and 1747. This was followed by the direct descendants: Salvatore Pignatelli VII (1730–1792) and Francesco Pignatelli (1775–1853). He won in 1801 in a feud against his relatives from Naples and brought the titles of Counts of Melissa and Prince of Strongoli back home and thus became Prince of Strongoli VIII. Then came Vincenzo Pignatelli IX (1808-1881) and Luigi Pignatelli X (1842 -1907). After Luigi's death, the direct inheritance ended. Emilia Pignatelli Princess of Strongoli XI and Countess of Melissa, Vincenzo Maria Luigi Geronimo Fabrizio Ferrara-Pignatelli XII (1913–2000). Ferdinando Ferrara-Pignatelli has been Prince of Strongoli XIII and Count of Melissa (* Napoli, July 10, 1941) since 2000.

During the clashes between the French and the Bourbons, Strongoli remained loyal to the Bourbons and was therefore robbed by the French in 1806. This ended centuries of feudal rule by the Campitellis. After 1815, with the new administrative structure of the Kingdom of Naples, Strongoli went to the Province of Cosenza and then belonged to the Province of Catanzaro . Since 1992 Strongoli has been one of the municipalities of the new province of Crotone .

Strongoli was a bishopric until 1818 .

From November 21, 235 to January 3, 236, Petelia presented the Pope Antero . He was the first historically clearly established bishop of Rome.

traffic

The Strada Statale 492 di Savelli and Strada Statale 106 Jonica (also European Route 90 ) run through the municipality . As on Strada Statale 106, the Ferrovia Jonica with the railway line from Reggio di Calabria to Taranto crosses the district of Strongoli Marina directly on the Mediterranean Sea. There is also a train station here.

Personalities

Web links

Commons : Strongoli  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
  2. ^ Travels through both Sicilies, which were in the years 1777, 1778, 1779 and 1780 by Heinrich Swinburne in the Google book search
  3. ↑ Luca Covino: Ruffo, Nicolò, conte di Catanzaro e marchese di Crotone. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, accessed June 12, 2016 (Italian).
  4. ↑ Descrittione del regno di Napoli in the Google book search
  5. ↑ Note di famiglie nobili, ed illustri della città, e Regno di Napoli. in Google Book Search
  6. ↑ Lucrezia Pignatelli, 4ª princess of Strongoli. In: Geneall. Retrieved June 12, 2016 (Italian).
  7. ↑ Luca Covino: PIGNATELLI, Salvatore, principe di Strongoli. In: Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 83. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, 2015, accessed on June 12, 2016 (Italian).